1089	AAS	201	S07-08	SA	Introduction to the Study of African American Cultural Practices	This course examines the past and present, the doings and the sufferings of Americans of African descent from a multidisciplinary perspective.  It highlights the ways in which serious intellectual scrutiny of the agency of black people in the United States help redefine what it means to be American, new world, modern and post modern
1090	AAS	209	S07-08	LA	Introduction to African American Literature:  Harlem Renaissance to Present	During the Harlem Renaissance, the poet Countee Cullen famously asked "What is Africa to me?" and Langston Hughes wrote verse affirming, "I, too, am America" even as he critiqued the nation's oppression of its "darker brother.  In this introductory course, we will analyze how these and other twentieth century African American writers have explored racial and national identity as defined by and negotiated in relation to the ideas of both America and Africa. To engage these questions, we will consider aesthetic forms and locate literary texts in social and political contexts.
1091	AAS	325	S07-08	LA	African American Autobiography	This course will highlight the autobiographical tradition of African- Americans from the 19th Century to the present time.
1092	AAS	328	S07-08		Race Relations and Black Identities in Post-Emancipation Brazil	This seminar offers an extensive review of the sociological literature on race relations and Black movements in Brazil, from Abolitionism to present-day debates on affirmative action and the place of Blacks in the Brazilian academy. Our goal is to strengthen the theoretical background of students in the social sciences interested in doing field research in Brazil or in race politics.
1093	AAS	342	S07-08	LA	Rhythm Nation	What do we mean when we say something has "rhythm"? What happens when we identify with a nation? What part does "rhythm" play in our identification with nations or what Benedict Anderson calls "imagined communities"? This class will question and expand conceptions and re-conceptions of location, listening, mediation, performance, identification, and culture in the interdisciplinary crossroads of music, literature, cultural studies, performance studies, and sound theory. Our approach will be both historical and theoretical with an emphasis on independent research.
1094	AAS	347	S07-08	LA	Introduction to African American Film Studies	This course examines films made by and about African Americans from the 1910s to the present.  We will consider whether "Black Film" constitutes a distinct genre and the ways that casting, content, and mode of production influence this question. The class will consider definitions of "Black Film" from a historical perspective, taking into account the changing meaning and significance of Black cinematic production over the last hundred years.
1095	AAS	350	S07-08	EM	African American Studies: Environmental Justice	This seminar will explore the intersection of social justice and environmental stewardship, with particular attention to issues of environmental justice.  We will focus on New Orleans as a key case study.  Course goals include: learning about the impact of Hurricane Katrina on New Orleans and the political and ethical issues involved in rebuilding; developing the ability to reflect on and reason about issues of environmental justice; becoming familiar with the social science literature and methods used to study environmental justice; understanding how studying the social sciences can help you become a more effective citizen.
1096	AAS	351	S07-08		Law, Social Policy, and African American Women	Journeying from enslavement and Jim Crow to the post-civil rights era, this course will learn how law and social policy have shaped, constrained, and been resisted by black women's experience and thought. Using a wide breadth of materials including legal scholarship, social science research, visual arts, and literature, we will also develop an understanding of how property, the body, and the structure and interpretation of domestic relations have been frameworks through which black female subjectivity in the United States was and is mediated.
1097	AAS	357	S07-08		Hoodwinked and Bamboozled: Racial Masquerade in American Culture	Ralph Ellison once wrote: "When American life is most American it is apt to be most theatrical."  Tracing the genealogies of historical/cultural forms of racial masquerade in America, this course studies the spectacularization of race in various modes of theatrical performances: in dance, music, theater, film, and literature.  What are the seduction, efficacy, and utility of such performances? Our goal is to generate some new terms for understanding racial visibility and for addressing the notion of agency in relation to racialized experiences beyond the binary assumptions of essence versus performance.
1098	AAS	403	S07-08	EM	Race and Medicine	In 1998, then-President Clinton set a national goal that by the year 2010 race, ethnic, and gender disparities in six disease categories would be eliminated.  While the agenda, called Healthy People 2010, is a noble goal there, is one major hurdle.  No study has definitively determined the cause of health disparities.  This course examines the role culture plays in reproducing health inequalities in the United States.  For a final project, students will be asked to propose their own solutions for eliminating health disparities.
1099	AAS	407	S07-08	SA	Race, Social Inequality, and Education	Education is becoming increasingly important for upward social mobility in the U.S. and abroad.  Education has been linked to societal inequalities in health, income, and other life-chance measures.   This course will focus on the role of education in both the production and amelioration of social inequality.  Particular attention is given to racial achievement gaps.  By engaging both quantitative and qualitative studies, you will acquire 1) knowledge of the historical trends and understanding of racial differences in achievement, and 2) a broad understanding of the current issues/debates in the literature.
1100	AAS	409	S07-08	HA	History of African American Families	This course covers the history of African-American families.  It traces the development of family life, meanings, values, and institutions from the period of slavery up to recent times. The course engages long-standing and current debates about black families in the scholarship across disciplines and in the society at large.  The course will look at the diversity of black family arrangements and the way these have changed over time and adapted to internal and external challenges and demands. It will also situate the history of black families within a broader cross-cultural context.
1101	AAS	502	S07-08		W.E.B Du Bois and Antonio Gramsci	Du Bois and Gramsci belonged to relative privilege within underprivileged groups.  They worked to transform their race or ethnicity of origin within a commitment to Marxism, which also they transformed. They thought that no change would last without epistemic change.    Gramsci¿s lived 46 years, 9 of them in prison.  DuBois lived twice as long, in the world, active upon many different terrains, an international intellectual, devoted to African unity, and to anti-colonialism in general. We will look at their theories of culture, politics, and education. In conclusion, we will consider their work through the prism of gender.
1102	AAS	510	S07-08		Race, Religion, and the Harlem Renaissance	The Harlem Renaissance (HR) of the 1920s is most often depicted as "the flowering of African American arts and literature." It can also be characterized as a period when diverse forms of African American religious expressions, ideologies, and institutions emerged. This course will explore the literature of the Harlem Renaissance, particularly the writings of Langston Hughes, to understand the pivotal intersection of race and religion during this time of black "cultural production."
1103	AFS	200	S07-08	SA	Introduction to African Studies	The course offers a unique opportunity to explore the past, present, and future of Africa in a truly multi-disciplinary setting.  A dozen of Princeton's distinguished faculty collaborate in an effort to shed light on both the huge potential of Africa and its peoples and the enormous challenges the continent faces.  Topics include politics, economics, conservation, biodiversity, climate change, the environment, health and disease and written and oral literature.
1104	AFS	373	S07-08	SA	Race, Class and Inequality in Post-apartheid South Africa	South Africa has one of the most extreme levels of inequality in the distribution of market income in the world, although this inequality is substantially reduced through a highly redistributive welfare state.  In the first decades of apartheid, in the 1950s and 1960s, society was organized along strictly racial lines such that there was a close relationship between race and class.  In the 1970s and 1980s, the relationship between race and class began to erode, and since the transition from apartheid to democracy, it has eroded further. The legacy of apartheid persists in many ways.
1105	AFS	374	S07-08	SA	African Development and Globalization	Africa today represents less than 2% of the world's GDP. The legacy of colonial rule has undoubtedly contributed to a slowdown in the international competitiveness of Africa. However, there are internal factors as well. Today, many countries are progressively shifting from a US-EU-Africa paradigm, to one that includes a larger proportion of alternative investors from the Middle-East, India, and China.  This seminar will focus on: the effect of the legacy of complex political intricacies and the ways in which Africa engages the world; and how African countries face and anticipate the challenges of globalization.
1106	AFS	427	S07-08		Conflict in Africa	This course examines selected aspects of conflict in Africa. Conflict, by which we mean organized or collective political violence, causes the deaths of over 1,000 people per year. Using case studies and regional comparisons, we will focus on issues such as: the wars and warlords of West Africa; the genocide in Rwanda; the aftermath of the wars of Southern Africa; the intervention in Somalia; and the wars in the Great Lakes Region.
1107	AMS	ST07	S07-08		La Nueva Latina	This course is about modern conceptions of Latina women in the United States.  We will explore this topic using a variety of resources including feminist theory, academic writing, literature, and film.  What is La Nueva Latina? Where do Latinas fit into the cannon of feminist theory? How have sterotypes emerged to characterize Latinas as sassy, sensual, etc., and how true are theses sterotypes?  How are Latinas subjugated/empowered by popular media representations?  This course will encourage participants to tackle these andother important questions at the heart of Latina identitiy formation in our society.
1108	AMS	308	S07-08	LA	Americans at Work and at Play	Many of America's most significant fiction and nonfiction writings take forms of work or play as their primary subject.  In this course, students will read and write themselves about the vocational and avocational experiences of other Americans.  Through reading such authors as Alfred Kazin, Ernest Hemingway, James Agee, Frederick Douglass, Willa Cather, Joan Didion, James Baldwin, David Remnick and Richard Ford, we will explore how writers use these themes to ponder absorbing questions of the human spirit like love, loss, fear, faith, hope, chaos, family, shame, and death.
1109	AMS	310	S07-08	HA	America in the Age of Reagan:  From Watergate to the War on Terror	Ronald Reagan was the central figure in the conservative ascendancy of the 1970s and 1980s which fixed the terms for political debate in the 1990s and after.  This seminar will examine the key changes and continuities in American politics, economics, culture and society from the Watergate crisis to today¿s War on Terror.  We will undertake the study of what the historian and critic Theodore Draper called ¿present history¿ in order to make sense of the contemporary world with the sorts of questions and reasoning that historians employ in making sense of the more distant past.
1110	AMS	312	S07-08	LA	Culture and the Crisis: American Arts in the Depression	This seminar explores American music, film, literature, dance, and painting in the 1930s.  The two defining forces of the decade -- the Great Depression and the New Deal -- are considered not as economic condition nor political policy but as cultural context, with that context taken to be inseparable from the texts themselves.  We will examine a variety of works that respond to and represent the social, political, economic, and cultural crisis, tracing the contradictory impulses of an era characterized at once by a flight into fancy and engagement with reality.
1111	AMS	322	S07-08	EM	American Legal Theory and Jewish Law	This course investigates the relationship between "Torah and Constitution." Early political and legal philosophers often drew on the Bible to develop their theories. More recently, American legal and political theorists have turned to the rabbinic tradition as an alternative model for law. Do these two systems of law share common principles, values, or methods of interpretation?  The course will look at a variety of schools of legal thought, including various theories of constitutional law, common law, and literary interpretation, feminist jurisprudence, naturalism, positivism, and legal realism.
1112	ANT	206	S07-08	EC	Human Evolution	An investigation of the evidence and background of human evolution.  Emphasis will be placed on the examination of the fossil and other evidence for human evolution and its functional and behavioral implications.
1113	ANT	221	S07-08	SA	The Anthropology of Migration and Diasporas	Mass flows of migration define the history of modern nations. Indeed, policies towards immigrants and refugees reflect how nations struggle to define themselves. Migrants' experience reflects these complexities--challenging borders while reaffirming the continued significance of national boundaries. We will explore migration from the perspective of anthropology and ethnographic approaches to the experience of those moving across national borders as they negotiate belonging, citizenship, and identity. We also explore key themes and frameworks in the study of migrant experience -- as diaspora, transnationalism, globalization, and sovereignty.
1114	ANT	232	S07-08	SA	Law and love: An anthropology of social forces	Examining "law" and "love" as social forces gives us a way to examine some key assumptions behind such everyday distinctions as altruism/self-interest, public/private, rules/norms, regulation and free market, kinship and citizenship, friend and foe.  In the seminar, we untangle these binaries by exploring various settings -- of family, community, law and business -- where they have been put into practice as organizing principles, and thus into contention.  We also follow them beyond the West into post-colonial and post-socialist environments, so as to further hone our comparative and interpretive questions.
1115	ANT	306	S07-08	SA	Current Issues in Anthropology: Understanding Muslim Social and Political Movements	This course is designed to introduce students to a number of contemporary movements that claim to restore Islam as the central norm for practice in the social, economic and political life of Muslim communities and societies. Throughout the survey of discourses and practices by and about the so-called "islamists", their supporters and their opponents, the course will center on the reconfiguration of religion, self, community, culture, society, identity, and power (emphasis will be on the Arab world and Iran).
1116	ANT	327	S07-08	EM	Value Added: Moral Dilemmas of Economic Exchanges	In this course, we try to understand how people in different societies and in different historical periods link value and money in order to structure their exchanges and communities. We explore contexts in which concepts of the good and the desirable are first constructed and associated with money.  We examine how money brings desire and meaning together, creating a possibility of social exchange. Then, we trace practices of exchange that "translate" different qualitative and quantitative values into comparable (monetary) units. Finally, we look at how monetary values are transformed into an indicator of non-economic qualities.
1117	ANT	361	S07-08	SA	Magic and 'Magic(al) Realism' in American Social and Economic Life	Is there a distinctly American style of discerning and manipulating the forces of nature, the marketplace, and one's relationships when ordinary rationality and the "scientific method" appear unable to resolve uncertainty? If a coherent worldview requires that the categories through which experience is grasped connect a variety of contexts, how does American culture go about relating the magical to economic, social, and political realms of our lives? Through readings, cultural comparisons, and brief "field projects," we will consider some of the ways Americans attempt, in various social and economic contexts, to control the irrepressible.
1118	ANT	390	S07-08	HA	History of Anthropological Theory	This course will survey the development of anthropological theory by focusing on a series of fundamental questions to which various scholars have offered alternative approaches. Issues will include: Do different peoples think in fundamentally different ways? What accounts for the ways in which societies address issues of death, property, and evil? How have biology and culture been theorized in the discipline, and what is the relation of individual psychology to collective organizations? We will study a number of theorists in the contexts of their lives and times.
1119	ANT	425	S07-08	SA	Post-War French Social Theory	Using the works of thinkers such as Sartre, Merleau, Ponty, Aron, Ricoeur, Levi-Strauss, Foucault and Bourdieu, the course will present students with some of the conflicting images of Western society as viewed by these thinkers. This course will introduce students to these authors with emphasis on their departure from traditional schools of thought and the consequences of their ideas on the production of knowledge about societies. Topics will include: relation of social thought to literary criticism and theories of social description.
1120	ANT	431	S07-08		Biomedical Anthropology	An examination of the interactions of evolution, biology and culture in human health and sickness.  The course will emphasize the influence of pathogens and other environmental selective agents in the evolution of human biology and behavior. The action of cultural factors in the spread and containment of disease and other abnormal conditions will also be integrated. Discussions will focus on the patterns of health and disease over time and in a cross-cultural perspective.
1121	ANT	502	S07-08		Proseminar in Anthropology	This second half of a two-semester proseminar for first year graduate students in anthropology continues the exploration of major theoretical currents that inform the discipline. This second semester will focus on the relation between theories of human action, consciousness, and disciplinary practices such as fieldwork, participant observation, translation, sense-making, and interpretation. Theorists or theories will often be paired with the reading of an ethnographic account inspired by them.
1122	ANT	570	S07-08		Interdisciplinary Research: The Anthropology of Globalization	The global is not a given--it is made through intense, unexpected and highly unequal exchanges. This seminar examines political, social, and subjective processes that accompany economic globalization. We will address shifts in modes of production, governance, consumption, and self-fashioning and we will draw from ethnography, documentary films, and political, economic and medical accounts. We will also critically engage the theories that inform the ways social scientists think and write about power, values, and lives in the global economy. How theoretically generative is ethnography? Which concepts make our science more realistic, better?
1123	AOS	572	S07-08		Atmospheric and Oceanic Wave Dynamics	Observational evidence of atmospheric and oceanic waves; laboratory simulation.  Surface and internal gravity waves; dispersion characteristics; kinetic energy spectrum; critical layer; forced resonance; instabilities.  Planetary waves: scale analysis; physical description of planetary wave propagation; reflections; normal modes in a closed basin.  Large-scale barclinic and barotropic instabilities.  Eady and Charney models for barclinic instability, and energy transfer.
1124	AOS	573	S07-08		Physical Oceanography	Response of the ocean to transient and steady winds and buoyancy forcing. A hierarchy of models from simple analytical to realistic numerical models is used to study the role of the waves, convection, instabilities, and other physical processes in the circulation of the oceans.
1125	AOS	577	S07-08		Weather and Climate Dynamics	Dynamics and physical interpretation of principal tropospheric circulation systems, including stationary and transient phenomena observed in middle and low latitudes.  Roles of the atmospheric general circulation in maintaining various components of the Earth's climate system.  Characteristics of atmospheric variability on intraseasonal and interannual time scales.
1126	AOS	580	S07-08		Special Topics: Aerosol Cloud and Climate Change	Topics covered in recent years include baroclinic instability theory, convection; paleoclimatology, atmospheric radiative transfer, isotope geochemistry, El Niño and related phenomena, tropospheric chemistry, and ocean dynamics in the Southern Hemisphere.
1127	APC	199	S07-08	QR	Math Alive	How is life different from 25 or even 10 years ago? Mathematics has profoundly changed our world, from banking & computers to listening to music. Course is designed for those who haven't had college mathematics but would like to understand some of the mathematical concepts behind important modern applications. It will consist of largely independent 2-week modules; each module focusing on 1 particular application. (e.g., bar codes, CD-players, population models) Emphasis will be on ideas, not on sophisticated mathematical techniques, but there will be substantial problem sets requirements. Students will learn by doing simple examples.
1128	APC	350	S07-08	QR	Introduction to Differential Equations	An intro to differential equations. Both applications and fundamental theory will be discussed. Basic second order differential equations (including the wave, heat and Poisson equations); separation of variables and solution by Fourier series and Fourier integrals; boundary value problem and Green's function; variational methods; normal mode analysis and perturbation methods; nonlinear first order (Hamilton-Jacobi) equations and method of characteristics; reaction-diffusion equations; in addition, application of these equations and methods to e.g. finance and control. Necessary background material in ODEs will be covered.
1129	APC	596	S07-08		Topics in Applied Mathematics	This is a general introduction to multiscale modeling.  Topics to be covered include:  analytical methods (averaging, homogenization, hydrodynamic and continuum limits, renormalization group methods); classical numerical methods (multi-grid, fast multi-pole methods, etc); modern numerical methods; variational model reduction, coupling techniques and hybrid schemes.  Applications to PDEs with multiscale data, coupling kinetic and  hydrodynamic models,  coupling continuum and molecular dynamics models, etc.
1130	ARA	102	S07-08		Elementary Arabic II	This course continues the study of Modern Standard Arabic commenced in Arabic 101.  Emphasis is placed on grammatical analysis; writing and reading of increasingly longer, unvocalized texts; further vocabulary acquisition, and continued practice in listening and speaking Modern Standard Arabic.
1131	ARA	107	S07-08		Intermediate Arabic II	Study of Arabic grammar and syntax, and use of the language in functional contexts.  Reading of extra material from articles, newspapers, short stories.  Discussions are held in the Arabic language to enhance the students' speaking skills.
1132	ARA	302	S07-08		Advanced Arabic II	Modern Standard Arabic language acquisition through reading, listening, writing, and speaking with emphasis on grammar, exposure to philology, and utilization of translation from and into Arabic, supplemented by readings from literary figures and modern media.
1133	ARA	304	S07-08		Media Arabic II	This course is a continuation of ARA 303, Media Arabic, in which students will improve their skills in reading and listening to Arabic news media, including newspapers, magazines, websites, and radio and satellite TV broadcasts (including the BBC and al-Jazeera, among others).  Attention will also be given to informal discussion of these subjects.  Study will be arranged by subject matter, including:  talks and conferences; demonstrations and protests; conflicts and terrorism; elections; rule of law; and business.
1134	ARA	402	S07-08		Advanced Arabic Skills Workshop II	Classical Arabic sciences of grammar, morphology, and rhetoric, supplemented by expository writing and poetry from classical scholars and literary figures. Emphasis on translation from Arabic and on memorization and oral recitation of texts.
1135	ARC	204	S07-08	LA	Introduction to Architectural Design	The first in a series of design studios offered to students interested in majoring in architecture. The course will introduce architecture as an "impure'' plastic art, inseparable from a network of forces acting upon it. The student will be confronted with progressively complex exercises involving spatial relations in two dimensions, three dimensions, and time. The course will stress experimentation while providing an analytical and creative framework to develop an understanding of structure and materials as well as necessary skills in drawing and model making. Two three-hour studios with lectures included.
1136	ARC	374	S07-08	LA	Computing and Representation	This course will examine the possibilities of representation and information in the virtual realm. Through a series of modeling/rendering/compositing exercises, presentations, and in-class discussions, we will investigate the evolving relationship between architecture and its means of representation, as well as broader issues of technology and culture. The course will provide a firm understanding of current computer software. One three-hour seminar.
1137	ARC	401	S07-08	SA	Theories of Housing and Urbanism	The seminar will study the single-family suburban house, the dominant house form in the American tradition.  We will consider the following topics: Production systems; House rituals; the Special features of American suburbs; Garages and gardens; the Rooms of the house, especially bedrooms, kitchens and bathrooms; Housing forms and types,  such as the split level, the ranch, the McMansion; the Relationship of home to workplace; Sprawl; the Affordability problem; Experimental houses and their influence.  Can we do justice to all of these topics in one semester?  Probably not, but let's try!
1138	ARC	403	S07-08	LA	Topics in the History and Theory of Architecture	We will consider that a successful thesis entails the meeting of a socio-cultural problematic with a specific disciplinary issue, that the confluence and exchange between these external and internal situations can instigate an original contribution to architectural knowledge and technique.  The "newness" of this contribution comes through a particular kind of repetition, a wily swerve within the established canon.  The seminar will introduce disciplinary methods and themes through close readings of architectural texts and objects and will provide a workshop for the testing and elaboration of architectural polemics through directed research.
1139	ARC	408	S07-08		Infrastructure and Design: Design, Disaster and Southern California	This seminar uses design tools to gain an understanding of how physical infrastructure can influence social organization and ideologies.  The seminar will be organized in two parts --the first will survey general topics and specific case studies to develop an understanding of the contexts and forms of civil works and infrastructures.  The second part will focus on the infrastructure of the Southern California region.
1140	ARC	489	S07-08	LA	Survey of Selected Works of Twentieth-Century Architects	This course is intended to expose the students to a range of major works, built and unbuilt, of architecture from 1950 to the present. This course will  focus on these particular buildings as they open themselves to a textual analysis. These analyses are intended to open up issues such as criticality, autonomy and singularity as they begin to evolve in architectural building (as opposed to texts) in the last half of the 20th century. This course will concentrate on individual buildings not architects. Each analysis will be accompanied by an illustrated presentation and selected readings.
1141	ARC	490	S07-08	LA	Urban Strategies	This course is organized in two interrelated parts covering urban design strategies for the contemporary city.  The first part examines case studies in the design of cities in the modern era; particularly design proposals and built examples of large-scale additions to cities.  Several recent projects will be examined in detail by the instructor and guest lecturers.  We will also analyze exemplary urban design texts from the same period and their relationship to completed projects.  The second part of the course will require students to make urban design proposals for contemporary projects utilizing drawings, computer modeling and other media.
1142	ARC	502	S07-08		Architecture Design Studio	Part two of a two semester sequence in which fundamental design skills are taught in the context of the architect's wider responsibilities to society, culture and the environment. Students acquire a command of the techniques of design and representation through a series of specific architectural problems of increasing complexity. Both semesters are required for three-year M.Arch. students.
1143	ARC	504	S07-08		Integrated Building Studios	Integrated design studios approach architecture from a synthetic perspective. Considerations of structure, environmental technology, building materials and systems, exterior envelope, and site design are integrated directly into the design process through the participation of technical faculty and outside advisors in critiques and reviews. Projects are developed to a high level of detail. At least one course is required for professional M.Arch. students.
1144	ARC	506A	S07-08		Architecture Design Studio	Vertical Design Studios examine architecture as cultural production, taking into account its capacity to structure both physical environments and social organizations. Projects include a broad range of project types, including individual buildings, urban districts and landscapes.
1145	ARC	506B	S07-08		Architecture Design Studio	Vertical Design Studios examine architecture as cultural production, taking into account its capacity to structure both physical environments and social organizations. Projects include a broad range of project types, including individual buildings, urban districts and landscapes.
1146	ARC	508	S07-08		Thesis Studio	The Master of Architecture Thesis is an independent design project on a theme selected by the student. The student begins with a thesis statement outlining an area of study or a problem that has consequences for contemporary architectural production. Marking the transition between the academic and professional worlds, the thesis project is an opportunity for each student to define an individual position with regard to a specific aspect of architectural practice. As an integral part of the design process, it is intended that the thesis project will incorporate research, programming and site definition.
1147	ARC	509	S07-08		Integrated Building Systems	As an introduction to building systems and the methods of construction utilized to realize design in built form, the focus of the first half of the course is to expose students to the primary systems, materials and principals utilized in construction of buildings and the fabrication of elements.  Once the basic principals have been introduced through lectures and the accompanying lab sessions, the focus will shift to explaining the means by which information is communicated from designers to fabricators, and current standards that exist in the practice of architecture and its relation to changes in methods of fabrication and project delivery.
1148	ARC	511	S07-08		Structural Design	Introduction to the design of building structures of steel, timber and reinforced concrete.
1149	ARC	513	S07-08		Contemporary Facade Design, Procurement and Execution	The course will introduce students to the current state of facade design and engineering as an emerging integrated discipline and for students to develop an understanding of the global facade industry. Discussion will focus on the multi-faceted and changing role of the architect in enabling and leading the necessary collaborative process that is required to collectively achieve common goals in a discipline that is both essential to the artistic expression of building and which is highly technical in every regard.
1150	ARC	515	S07-08		The Environmental Engineering of Buildings, Part II	Study and evaluation of mechanical and electrical system applications for different building types, including air conditioning, electrical, plumbing and telecommunications.  Emphasis on design integration with architecture and structure within the construction process including sustainable design and energy conservation.  Introduction to vertical transportation, life safety systems, and intelligent buildings. Emphasis on a conceptual approach using case studies and field trips.
1151	ARC	522	S07-08		The Power of the Brief: Research and Design	We will explore relationships between research, program and design performance through case studies of major architectural projects. Issues of design at different scales, in different institutions and client types will be considered. Evolution of the ideas of the brief, program, user requirements, and the autonomy (or not) of architectural creation will be considered. Whether the role of architecture and design is being re-valued or re-positioned given the rise of new technologies, more distributed and virtual ways of working and living, and the increasingly inter-mediated role of architectural practice will be researched.
1152	ARC	525	S07-08		Mapping the City	This is a course that studies relationships between the cinema and the city. Since 1895, the cinema has imposed its representational forms and points of view on the city, until consciousness of the city has come to resemble its cinematic representations. Simultaneously, expansive suburban growth, massive skyscraper development, urban renewal and reconstruction projects, the architectural spectacle and theme parks have transformed the form of the city. This course examines the relationship between these two forms of mapping the city: cinematic representation of urban space and architectural representation of urban form.
1153	ARC	526	S07-08		Magic, Machines, and Architecture	According to the Roman writer Vitruvius mechanics comprise one of architecture's three principle parts, along with building and, perhaps surprisingly, gnomonics.  This seminar analyzes the evolution of architecture's discourse on machines, focusing on case studies including automata, building machines, war machines, thinking machines, and automated drawing.  Beginning with Vitruvius's discussion of automata, special attention will be given to the significance of magic (craft and artifice) in the evolving social, metaphorical, and structural definition of machines.
1154	ARC	549	S07-08		History and Theories of Architecture: 20th Century	An overview of the major themes running through the various strands of modern architecture in the twentieth century. While overarching in scope, the seminar is based on a close reading of selected buildings and texts by prominent figures of the modern movement and its aftermath. Special emphasis is given to the historiography and history of reception of modern architecture, as well as the cultural, aesthetic and scientific theories that have informed contemporary architectural debates, including organicism, vitalism, functionalism, historicism and their opposites.
1155	ARC	563	S07-08		Starting, Building, and Operating an Architectural Practice: Business and Legal Issues in Architectural Practice	Review and analysis of the dynamics and process inherent in starting, developing, managing and operating an architectural practice, including marketing, finance, human resources, project process, liability, insurance, and general management.  Areas of particular emphasis include project accounting, public presentations, and the development of a business plan.
1156	ARC	572	S07-08		Research in Architecture	This course is an advanced pro-seminar that will examine the spatial histories and representational forms of the modern city.  Students will read architectural, urban and theoretical texts and conduct individual research on how spatial theory affects the manner in which cities and architectural forms have been written about, envisioned and built.
1157	ARC	574	S07-08		Computing and Imaging in Architecture	This course on digital media infrastructure will explore breaking technologies of fabrication, modeling and design based on production pipelines pioneered by the film and gaming industries: pipelines we will author in CATIA, Gehry Technologies Digital Project, & Bentley¿s Generative Components.  A series of formal experiments will be carried out each culminating in the fabrication of rapid prototypes using the CNC mill & the InVision 3D printer, explicitly challenging conventional modes of practice & seeking insight into new forms of organization, techniques & operative procedures.
1158	ARC	576	S07-08		Advanced Topics in Modern Architecture: Architecture and Media: Modern Architecture as Surveillance	The seminar will explore the critical transformation in the relationship between interior and exterior space in modern architecture as a key symptom of the rise of surveillance culture.  An analysis of modern houses will be used as a frame to register the convolution of boundaries between inside and outside produced by the emerging reality of the technologies of communication and surveillance.  The basic position to be explored is both that architecture has been completely transformed by the new spatialities of the media and that architecture itself has always operated as a form of media.
1159	ARC	586	S07-08		Material Ecologies	Buckminster Fuller once noted that the problem of diminishing global resources & the energy crisis was not one of fundamental lack but one of ignorance, failure of imagination & inability to use resources intelligently. Architecture consumes resources, demands expenditure of vast sums of money, is undeniably involved in the global exchange of energy & capital & the global distribution of material. Inevitably architecture is implicated in the social & environmental effects produced by these systems of exchange. How do architects situate themselves within this ecological need? What impact does it have on architecture as a material practice?
1160	ARC	596	S07-08		Topics in Architecture and Information	At a time when architectural discourse and practice are brimming with references to new geometries, this course demystifies the generative potential of three-dimensional surfaces.    With equal emphasis on formal and graphic analysis, elementary mathematical thinking and numerically controlled material technology, the seminar circles, in increasingly tight loops, the surface as object of knowledge.
1161	ART	101	S07-08	LA	Introduction to the History of Art: Renaissance to Contemporary	An introduction to selected periods and works of art and architecture from the Renaissance to the present as well as an introduction to the discipline of art history. Two lectures, one preceptorial.
1162	ART	203	S07-08	LA	Roman Art	The course provides a general introduction to Roman art.  It discusses various artistic media--portraiture, historical relief, etc.--and highlights important works.
1163	ART	205	S07-08	LA	Medieval Art in Europe	ART 205 explores the conceptual character of medieval European art from late Antiquity to the end of the Middle Ages with an emphasis on methodological, historiographical, and theoretical issues. Using selected monuments and objects from a wide geographical range and dating from the 4th to the 14th centuries as case studies, students will familiarize with the methodological developments of art historical research. The course will particularly focus on the "anthropological turn" of medieval art history and medieval image theory.
1164	ART	209	S07-08	LA	Between Renaissance and Revolution:  Baroque Art in Europe	"Between Renaissance and Revolution: Baroque and Rococo Art in Europe." Painting and sculpture in Europe from the 1580s to the 1790s.  The great figures (e.g. Caravaggio, Rubens, Rembrandt, Vermeer, Velazquez, Bernini, et. al.) major artistic innovations (still life, genre, landscape), and stylistic developments (e.g. rococo, Neoclassicism) seen in relation to intellectual, political, religious, and social change.  The preceptorials will concentrate on the study of actual works of art in the museum in Princeton and elsewhere.
1165	ART	212	S07-08	LA	Neoclassicism through Impressionism	A broad study of nineteenth-century European painting and sculpture created in the void left by the collapse of Ancient Regime religious and governmental patronage.  The century's range of artistic roles will be examined, including the artist as revolutionary, entrepreneur, isolated genius, and impassive observer.  The century's formative movements and major artists, such as Goya, Canova, Delacroix, Turner, Courbet, Rodin, Monet, and Van Gogh, will be discussed.
1166	ART	213	S07-08	LA	Modernist Art: 1900 to 1950	A critical study of the major movements, paradigms, and documents of modernist art from the Post-Impressionism to the "Degenerate" art show.  Among our topics: primitivism, abstraction, collage, the readymade, machine aesthetics, photographic reproduction, the art of the insane, artists in political revolution, anti-modernism.  Two lectures, one preceptorial.
1167	ART	218	S07-08	LA	Later Japanese Art	Introduces students to arts of Japan from ca.1200 through 1830's by examining major monuments available in Japan and abroad.  In-depth analysis of individual objects through slides in lectures.  Syllabi notes essential to the schedule for the course.  Reference to social and cultural histories of Japan are frequently made, particularly with reference to China.  Beneficial to students in East Asian Studies program.
1168	ART	242	S07-08	LA	The Experience of Modernity: A Survey of Modern Architecture in the West	An analysis of the emergence of modern architecture from the late nineteenth century to World War II, in light of new methodologies. It will focus not only on major monuments but also on issues of gender, class and ethnicity so as to cover the experience of modernity from a more pluralist point of view.
1169	ART	248	S07-08	LA	History of Photography	A survey of photography from its multiple inventions in the early nineteenth century to its omnipresence (and possible obsolescence) in the twenty-first. Themes will include photography's power to define the "real;" its emulation and eventual transformation of the traditional fine arts; and its role in the construction of personal and collective memories. Precepts will meet in the Photographic Study Room of the Princeton Art Museum to study original images.
1170	ART	256	S07-08	LA	Writing as Art	In China, Japan, the Islamic world, and several other cultures, writing is ranked as the highest of the visual arts, far above painting, sculpture, even architecture. The forms taken by beautiful writing are at least as diverse as the writing systems that underlie them: think of Egyptian writing, Chinese calligraphy, Roman monumental inscriptions. This course will introduce the world's major calligraphic traditions and examine the functions of beautiful writing, the reasons for its existence and prestige, and the factors that shape styles of writing. The university art museum has major works of Maya and Chinese calligraphy that we will study.
1171	ART	267	S07-08	LA	Intro to Mesoamerican Visual Culture	This course explores the visual and archaeological world of ancient Mesoamerica, from the first arrival of humans in the area until the era of Spanish invasion in the early 16th century.  Major culture groups to be considered include Olmec, Maya, and Aztec.  Preceptorial sections will consist of a mix of theoretically-focused discussions, debate regarding opposing interpretations in scholarship, and hands-on work with objects in the collections of the Princeton University Art Museum.
1172	ART	302	S07-08	LA	Myths in Greek Art	Examination of images of myths on pottery and in sculpture that are expressive of social content often quite different from literary forms of the myths; tracing the changing meaning of myths through time from the 7th century B.C. to the Hellenistic Period (1st century B.C.).
1173	ART	332	S07-08	LA	The Landscape of Allusion: Garden and Landscape Architecture, 1450-1750	To understand Man's changing interpretations of Nature as seen in gardens and landscape architecture, pastoral poetry, and landscape painting.
1174	ART	371	S07-08	LA	History of American Art, 1900 to the Present	This course provides an introduction to the history of American art from around 1900 to the present day and investigates various manifestations or articulations of the modern, modernism, and modernity within artistic practices of this time.  Attention will be paid to the role of European art and artists in the development of modern art in the United States and to the manner in which this development intersects with other cultural spheres, including politics, science, and literature.
1175	ART	417	S07-08	LA	Magic in Ancient Art and Literature	In antiquity, magic is a pervasive phenomenon. The course will trace its development in the Greek, Etruscan and Roman worlds. The Nether World, an oracle of the dead, and witchcraft will come into the picture. Furthermore, marriage-related and salvation-oriented magic will be dealt with, as well as a Greek Book of Dreams and Ovid's Metamorphoses. Participants are expected to show lively interest in the topic, engage in discussions, and do investigative reading. Texts and images will be kept in balance.
1176	ART	420	S07-08	LA	Seminar in Asian Art: Ten Great Japanese Narrative Hand Scrolls	The seminar will examine 10 great handscrolls from the twelfth and thirteenth centuries that are masterpieces of the art of story-telling.  The scrolls will be examined in the cultural context of Imperial Mythology, Buddhist Temple Myths, Priestly Hagiology, Courtly Literature, and Legend and Battle Tales.
1177	ART	445	S07-08	LA	Topics in the History and Theory of Architecture in Early-Modern Europe: The Rome of Giovanni Battista Piranesi	The focus of the seminar will be G.B. Piranesi (1720-1778), as architect, antiquarian, polemicist, dealer, and graphic artist. We will endeavor to see Piranesi in context, to understand his accomplishment against the background of his adopted city and the learned culture that flourished there. Piranesi's publications are well represented in Princeton collections, providing opportunities for those who wish to work closely with original sources.
1178	ART	446	S07-08	LA	Seminar. Northern European Art of the Late Middle Ages and Early Renaissance	Print Cultures. Seminar attends to the forms and content of printed images in Europe between   1450-1800. Focus is upon the conceptual, social, and economic facets of print communication   through examination and analysis of period engraving, etchings, woodcuts. Attention directed   towards specific techniques, as well as the historical modalities of print's reception. Topics   include: the collecting, copyright, and marketing of print, Protestant-Catholic propaganda, print   and identity formation, cartography, documentation of the New World, demarcations of high/low   culture, the historical agency of mass-produced media.
1179	ART	456	S07-08	LA	Seminar. Contemporary Art	Ludic Strategies in the Postwar Context - This course considers art practices of the late 20th century in light of international and cross-disciplinary explosion of texts on and about play, beginning with translations of Huizinga's Homo Ludens, Caillois' Man, Play and Games and Derrida's Structure, Sign and Play in the Discourse of the Human Sciences. This same period saw the rise of art practices emphasizing process, indeterminacy, the unforeseeable and the interactive - all hallmarks of the ephemeral and contingent ludic. Artists include: Fahlstrom, LeWitt, Acconci, Calle, Maciunas, Lygia Clark, the Situationist International.
1180	ART	465	S07-08	LA	Architecture of Princeton University	Better than almost any other campus, Princeton tells the story of American architectural history from the colonial period to the present.  This course puts Princeton in the larger context of campus design in the Anglo-American world and considers how architecture reflects changing educational ideals.  Eighteenth-century austerity and nineteenth-century eclecticism were pushed aside in the 1890s by Collegiate Gothic.  Since 1970, the campus has become a proving ground for some of America's most innovative architects.  Architectural controversies will be emphasized.  Walking tours and visits to Mudd Library.
1181	ART	529	S07-08		Space and Time in Greek and Roman Art	The narrative of heroic and divine myth is the essential vehicle of Greek and Roman expression; it defines classical culture more than anything else. The technique of ancient narrative has been investigated extensively but not the reasons for the choice of this expressive medium.  The course will examine emulation as a Graeco-Roman cultural imperative.
1182	ART	537	S07-08		Seminar in Medieval Art: Medieval Image/concepts of authenticity	The medieval image and concepts of authenticity- The course examines the notion of the authentic in conjunction with medieval images. It investigates the construction, reception, and theoretical grounding of authenticity of reliquaries, icons, and imprints on cloth or seals. These objects elucidate the shift from mimesis toward other artistic strategies (stylization, abstraction, bricolage). Rather than studying different modes of representation, we will focus on the very validity of representation in the Middle Ages and approach this issue from the viewpoints of history, anthropology, philology and visual studies.
1183	ART	545	S07-08		The Geography of Art	Global Art History - Art has a place as well as time. This course examines the geography of art. The first part of the class will discuss the historiography and theory of artistic geography. The main focus of the class is on the possibilities of global art history.
1184	ART	566	S07-08		Seminar in Contemporary Art and Theory	The First Pop Age - "We have already entered the Second Machine Age," Reyner Banham writes in "Theory and Design in the First Machine Age" (1960), "and can look back on the First as a period of the past."  Might we say a similar thing today of "The First Pop Age", the age of the Independent Group in London and Andy Warhol and friends in New York?  We will look closely at the work of the most innovative of these artists (among them Hamilton, Lichtenstein, Warhol, Rosenquist, Richter, and Ruscha), the ones that invented new models of the pictorial image, but other figures will be considered as well.
1185	ART	571	S07-08		Seminar in Special Problems in Chinese Painting	Song-Yuan Painting.  Issues in the history of Chinese painting, 10th to 14th centuries, from the rise of landscape painting to the rise of literati painting style.
1186	ART	573	S07-08		Topics in Early Chinese Art and Archaeology	The topic will be the historiography of Chinese bronzes, with particular focus on the application of western art-historical methods to ancient non-western material culture.
1187	ART	580	S07-08		Great Cities of the Islamic World	A study of major Islamic capitals, including Baghdad, Cordoba, Isfahan, Samarqand, and others.  Course will focus on problems of their history, town planning, and importance as centers of Islamic art. Specific topics will vary from year to year.
1188	AST	203	S07-08	QR	The Universe	This specially designed course targets the frontier of modern astrophysics. Subjects include the planets of our solar system, the birth, life, and death of stars; the search for extrasolar planets and extraterrestrial life; the zoo of galaxies from dwarfs to giants, from starbursts to quasars; dark matter and the large-scale structure of the universe; Einstein's special and general theory of relativity, black holes, worm holes, time travel, and big bang cosmology. This course is designed for the non-science major and has no prerequisites past high school algebra and geometry. High school physics would be useful.
1189	AST	204	S07-08	QR	Topics in Modern Astronomy	This course will provide a broad overview to modern astronomy and astrophysics for students in the sciences.  Topics include historical developments; overview of the solar system; the structure and evolution of stars; supernovae, neutron stars and black holes; formation, structure and evolution of galaxies; cosmology and the early universe; and life in the universe.
1190	AST	401	S07-08		Cosmology	A general review of extragalactic astronomy and cosmology.  Topics include the properties and nature of galaxies, quasars, clusters of galaxies, superclusters, the large-scale structure of the universe, theories of the origin of structure in the universe, the big bang, the early universe, nucleosynthesis, baryogenesis, and inflation.
1191	AST	520	S07-08		High Energy Astrophysics	Selected astrophysical applications of electrodynamics, special and general relativity, nuclear and particle physics. Topics may include synchrotron radiation, comptonization, orbits and accretion in black-hole metrics, radio sources, cosmic rays, and neutrino astropysics.
1192	AST	522	S07-08		Extragalactic Astronomy	This course is an overview of basic and current extragalactic research, both observational and theoretical, including discussions of the formation, morphology, chemical and dynamical evolution, structure, and space distribution of galaxies, clusters of galaxies and quasars. The emphasis of the course is on the connection of theoretical ideas and observational data. Several self-contained subtopics will be covered by guest lecturers.
1193	AST	542	S07-08		Seminar in Observational Astrophysics	Students will prepare and deliver presentations and lead discussion about topics of current interest in observational astrophysics and techniques.
1194	AST	552	S07-08		General Plasma Physics II	Introduction to Plasma Physics at the Graduate level.  Principles and applications of magnetohydrodynamic and kinetic theory. These principles are fundamental to Plasma Science, and the illustrative applications are relevant to current magnetic fusion research.
1195	AST	554	S07-08		Irreversible Processes in Plasmas	Introduction to theory of fluctuations and transport in plasma. Origins of irreversibility.  Random walks, Brownian motion, and diffusion; Langevin and Fokker-Planck theory. Fluctuation-dissipation theorem; test-particle superposition principle.  Statistical closure problem.  Derivation of kinetic equations from BBGKY hierarchy and Klimontovich formalism; properties of plasma collision operators. Classical transport coefficients in magnetized plasmas; Onsager symmetry.  Introduction to plasma turbulence, including quasilinear theory. Applications to current problems in plasma research.
1196	AST	558	S07-08		Seminar in Plasma Physics	Advances in experimental and theoretical studies or laboratory and naturally-occurring high-temperature plasmas, including stability and transport, nonlinear dynamics and turbulence, magnetic reconnection, selfheating of "burning" plasmas, and innovative concepts for advanced fusion systems.  Advances in plasma applications, including laser-plasma interactions, nonneutral plasmas, high-intensity accelerators, plasma propulsion, plasma processing, and coherent electromagnetic wave generation.
1197	AST	562	S07-08		Laboratory in Plasma Physics	Develop skills, knowledge, and understanding of basic and advanced laboratory techniques used to measure the properties and behavior of plasmas.  Representative experiments are: cold-cathode plasma formation and architecture; ambipolar diffusion in afterglow plasmas; Langmuir probe measurements of electron temperature and plasma density; period doubling and transitions to chaos in glow discharges; optical spectroscopy for species identification; microwave interferometry and cavity resonances for plasma density determination; and momentum generated by a plasma thruster.
1198	AST	565	S07-08		Physics of Nonneutral Plasmas	The course provides a comprehensive introduction to the physics of nonneutral plasmas and charged particle beam systems with intense self fields.  The subject matter is developed systematically from first principles.  Topics include: nonlinear stability and confinement theorems; collective waves and instabilities; phase transitions in strongly-coupled nonneutral plasmas; coherent electromagnetic radiation generation; nonlinear processes in high-intensity periodic-focussing accelerators; and concepts for compact, plasma-based accelerators.
1199	ATL	496	S07-08	LA	Princeton Atelier: Prometheus Update: An Experimental Laboratory for Theater and Music	Singer and composer Mariana Sadovska (Ukraine), actor and theatre director Andre Erlen (Germany), and vocal artist Jonathan Hart (USA) will lead an Atelier exploring the transformation of ancient songs and texts into an experimental opera.  Students will practice polyphonic chants, folk songs, incantations, and variegated timbres of open-throat sounds, and learn to integrate musical patterns into stage action.  Student performers, along with professional singers and actors, will present a new work combining Eastern European chants and mythology with contemporary topics in May.
1200	ATL	498	S07-08	LA	Princeton Atelier: WIND-UP: The Creator-Performer, and the Aware Body in Live Performance	Theater director Dan Rothenberg, choreographer David Brick, and set designer Mimi Lien will collaborate with students and guests artists in creating an original work of movement-based theater. WIND-UP will take as starting points the writings of Haruki Murakami. An ensemble of students will be involved as actors, dancers and designers performing in and helping to create WIND-UP, which will be performed the last weekend of April.
1201	ATL	499	S07-08	LA	Princeton Atelier: The Testimony Project: Documentary Theater	Playwright/director Stephen Wangh and writer/dramaturg Kristin Dombek will lead student researchers and performers in the creation of a documentary theatre piece about evangelical Christianity and the current culture wars.  Students will interview people about their religious and political beliefs and portray their interviews on stage in performances on May 8 and 9.  The artists seek a group of students diverse in religious and political beliefs.
1202	BCS	107	S07-08		Intermediate Bosnian/Croatian/Serbian II	A continuation of BCS 105.  Advanced-level class with emphasis on oral and written communication; reading literary texts of interest to students; films
1203	CEE	262A	S07-08		Structures and the Urban Environment	This course focuses on structural engineering as a new art form begun during the Industrial Revolution and flourishing today in long-span bridges, thin shell concrete vaults, and tall buildings.  Through critical analysis of major works students are introduced to the methods of evaluating structures as an art form.  Students study the works and ideas of individual structural artists through their elementary calculations, their builder's mentality and their aesthetic imagination.  Students examine contemporary exemplars that are essential to the understanding of 21st century structuring of cities with illustrations taken from various cities.
1204	CEE	262B	S07-08	ST	Structures and the Urban Environment	This course focuses on structural engineering as a new art form begun during the Industrial Revolution and flourishing today in long-span bridges, thin shell concrete vaults, and tall buildings.  Through laboratory experiments students study the scientific basis for structural performance and thereby connect external forms to the internal forces in the major works of structural engineers.  Students examine contemporary exemplars that are essential to the understanding of 21st century structuring of cities with illustrations taken from New York, Boston, and Chicago and urban areas elsewhere such as Japan, the Netherlands, and Switzerland.
1205	CEE	303	S07-08	STX	Introduction to Environmental Engineering	The course examines various forms of environmental pollution and methods of pollution treatment and remediation.  We focus on quantitative approaches used by environmental engineers to model the chemistry and movement of pollutants in the environment and methods used to prevent the discharge of pollutants and to clean up impacted sites.  A special topic of the course this year will be the environmental impact of coal used for electric power production.  This will include environmental impacts of coal production, methods of flue gas treatment, and an overview of carbon capture and sequestration.
1206	CEE	306	S07-08		Hydrology	Analysis of fundamental processes affecting the dynamics of the hydrologic cycle.  These include precipitation, evaporation, infiltration, runoff, and ground water flow.  Governing equations will be developed and applications will be considered for a range of hydrologic systems.  Concepts and techniques for design of water projects will also be covered.
1207	CEE	307	S07-08	QR	Field Ecohydrology	This three-week course, offered as part of a four-course study abroad semester, takes place at Princeton Univeristy's Mpala Research Centre in central Kenya.  The course will provide an introduction to the principles of hydrological sciences through the development and application of instrumentation for characterizing surface/subsurface hydrological dynamics in field settings.  Lectures and field activities will address the theory of operation, design, and implementation of methods used to quantify hydrological patterns and processes.
1208	CEE	308	S07-08		Environmental Engineering Laboratory	Designed to teach experimental measurement techniques in environmental engineering and their interpretations.  Analytical techniques to assess biodegradation of wastes, lake eutrophication, non-point source pollution, and transport of contaminants in surface and groundwater, as well as hydrologic measurements to determine river and groundwater discharges, and soil-moisture dynamics in response to precipitation events will be conducted.
1209	CEE	364	S07-08		Materials in Civil Engineering	Lectures on structure and properties of building materials including concrete, steel, asphalt, and wood; fracture mechanics; strength testing; mechanisms of deterioration (corrosion; freeze-thaw cycles, pollution). Labs on brittle fracture, heat treatment of steel, strength of concrete, mechanical properties of wood.
1210	CEE	366	S07-08		Design of Reinforced Concrete Structures	Materials in reinforced concrete.  Flexural analysis and design of beams.  Shear and diagonal tension in beams. Short columns.  Frames. Serviceability.  Bond, anchorage and development length.  Slabs. Special topics. Introduction to design of steel structures.
1211	CEE	376	S07-08		Independent Research Project	Independent research in the student's area of interest. The work must be conducted under the supervision of a faculty member, and must result in a final paper.
1212	CEE	462	S07-08		Design of Large-Scale Structures: Bridges	The design of bridges is considered from the conceptual phase up to the final design phase.  The following issues are addressed in this course: types of bridges, design codes, computer modeling of bridges, seismic analysis and design, seismic retrofit design, inspection, maintenance and rehabilitation of bridges, movable bridges, bridge aerodynamics, organization of a typical engineering firm, marketing for engineering work.  Several computer codes are used in this course.
1213	CEE	465	S07-08		Resilience Engineering	Most critical infrastructures have rigid operating parameters and tend to be vulnerable to small, unforeseen natural and man-made disasters.  The need to maintain efficient functioning of the system and to explore the system at some "equilibrium" state is of utmost importance to planners, designers and engineers.  This course will discuss the characteristics of resilient systems and ways to measure and monitor the resilience of critical infrastructures, including organizational resilience.  The course will also introduce the concept of sustainability and will attempt to connect sustainability and resilience in a unified framework.
1214	CEE	472	S07-08		Hydrometeorology and Remote Sensing	The structure and evolution of precipitation systems are examined, including the dynamical and microphysical processes that control the spatial and temporal distribution of precipitation.  The fundamentals of remote sensing of aerosols, clouds and precipitation are introduced. Related topics in hydrology and hydraulics are covered.
1215	CEE	478	S07-08		Senior Thesis	A formal report on research involving analysis, synthesis, and design, directed toward improved understanding and resolution of a significant problem.  The research is conducted under the supervision of a faculty member, and the thesis is defended by the student at a public examination before a faculty committee.  The senior thesis is equivalent to a year-long study and is recorded as a double course in the Spring.
1216	CEE	507	S07-08		Master Project I	Under the direction of a faculty member, each student carries out a master's project, writes a report, and presents the results.  Master's Project I is usually taken during the first semester of the M.Eng. or M.S.E. degree.
1217	CEE	508	S07-08		Master's Project II	This course is a continuation of CEE 507. Each student carries out a master's project, writes a report, and presents the results. Master's Project II is offered in the fall and spring of the M.Eng. or M.S.E. degree.
1218	CEE	509	S07-08		Directed Research	Under the direction of a faculty member, each student carries out research and presents the results.  Directed research is normally taken during the first year of study.
1219	CEE	510	S07-08		Research Seminar	This seminar is a continuation of CEE 509. Each student carries out research, writes a report and presents the research results. Doctoral candidates must complete this course one semester prior to taking the general examination.
1220	CEE	512	S07-08		Design of Large-scale Structures: Bridges	The design of bridges is considered from the conceptual phase up to the final design phase.  The following issues are addressed in this course: types of bridges, design codes, computer modeling of bridges, seismic analysis and design, seismic retrofit design, inspection, maintenance and rehabilitation of bridges, movable bridges, bridge aerodynamics, organization of a typical engineering firm, marketing for engineering work.  Several computer codes are used in this course.
1221	CEE	522	S07-08		Random Vibration Theory and Applications to Earthquake and Wind Engineering	A review of probability and random process theory in the context of applications to structural dynamics and damage and loss prediction due to earthquake and extreme wind hazards.  Correlation and spectral density functions; Gaussian and non-Gaussian processes; extreme value theory; input-output relations for linear and nonlinear systems.  Monte Carlo simulations to predict loss distributions for portfolios of structures.  Tern project and student-led precept sessions.
1222	CEE	523	S07-08		Mechanics of Dissipative Media	The development of constitutive equations for nonlinear, anisotropic viscoelastic, and plastic media.  It gives analysis of plastic yielding, fatigue under cyclic loading, and failure.  The course examines limit-analysis techniques; elastoplastic rate equations; finite deformation of plastic bodies; uniqueness and stability of incremental solutions; and loss of ellipticity, bifurcation phenomena, and emergence of shear bands.  Poromechanics will be discussed.
1223	CEE	525	S07-08		Applied Numerical Methods	The goal of this course is to introduce students to a broad spectrum of numerical methods for the analysis of typical mathematics, physics, or engineering problems.  Topics covered include: error analysis, interpolation and polynomial approximation, numerical differentiation and integration, ordinary differential equations, and partial differential equations.
1224	CEE	591	S07-08		Radar Hydrometeorology	The structure and evolution of precipitaion systems are examined, including the dynamical and microphysical processes that control the spatial and temporal distribution of precipitation. The fundamentals of radar and lidar remote sensing of clouds and precipitation are introduced. Related topics in hydrology and hydraulics are covered.
1225	CEE	599	S07-08		Special Topics in Environmental Engineering and Water Resources: Stochastic Hydrology	Use of probability and statistics for hydrologic modeling and analysis.  Topics include:  probability models, including Bayesian analysis and parameter estimation; time series analysis, Monte Carlo simulation, hydrologic forecasting.  The course will involve readings from the stochastic hydrology literature and hands on computer analysis and simulation.
1226	CEE	599B	S07-08		Special Topics in EEWR:  Research Topics in Ecohydrology: Research Topics in Ecohydrology	This course will provide a survey of current research topics at the intersection between plant ecology and surface hydrology. We will explore scientific questions and debates related to (1) eco-physiological constraints on water movement in plants, (2) environmental and biological determinants of transpiration and evaporation, (3) the manner by which hydrological processes mediate terrestrial biogeochemical processes, and (4) the extent to which hydrological and ecological dynamics interact to govern vegetation form and function.
1227	CHE	199	S07-08	QR	Great Inventions That Changed the World	We study many great inventions in history, from the stone ax to the World Wide Web, and how they have changed the way that we work and live. We examine the human conditions before the inventions, the inventors and their methods, and the science and technology involved.  The class will discuss their impacts on society, both positive and negative. The students will organize teams to study particular inventions, and to make oral presentations and written reports. Quantitative skills with Excel will be introduced to solve growth equations, and to do trends and statistics.
1228	CHE	246	S07-08	STX	Thermodynamics	Basic concepts and principles governing the equilibrium behavior of macroscopic fluid and solid systems of interest in modern chemical engineering. First law: energy conservation in open and closed systems. Second law: temperature, entropy and reversibility. Thermodynamic properties of pure substances and mixtures. Phase equilibrium and introduction to reaction equilibrium. Introduction to the microscopic and statistical basis of thermodynamics.
1229	CHE	250	S07-08	STX	Separations in Biotechnology and Chemical Process Engineering	This course covers the fundamental thermodynamic principles & transport processes that govern separations in biotechnology & chemical processing.  Appropriate background in biochemistry will be presented as a basis for understanding Bioseparations.  Thermodynamical principles are used to model partitioning between phases & crystallization.  Coupling these principles with mass balances leads to staged operations such as distillation & chromatographic separations.  Transport processes driven by electric fields, centrifugal fields, or hydrodynamics provide the basis for understanding ultracentrifugation, membrane process & electrophoresis.
1230	CHE	342	S07-08		Fluid Mechanics	Self-contained treatment of incompressible fluid mechanics including conservation laws and constitutive relations for Newtonian and non-Newtonian flows, dimensional analysis, unidirectional and creeping flows, self-similar flows, asymptotic approximations to complex flows, and lubrication and boundary layer phenomena. Time permitting, we introduce concepts and approximations relevant to hydrodynamic instabilities, turbulent flows and two-phase flows. Familiarity with vector analysis and solution techniques for ordinary and partial differential equations assumed.
1231	CHE	346	S07-08		Chemical Engineering Laboratory	An intensive hands-on practice of engineering.  Experimental work in the areas of separations, heat transfer, fluid mechanics, process dynamics and control, materials processing and characterization, chemical reactors.  Development of written and oral technical communication skills.
1232	CHE	352	S07-08		Independent Work	Permits selected students to work independently upon projects of interest to them and related to their departmental studies.  This course represents a one-term project in the spring of the junior year. Sophomores with advanced standing may petition to do independent work.
1233	CHE	423	S07-08		Biologically Inspired Materials	This course will focus on the pathways utilized by biological systems to produce hierarchically structured inorganic/organic nanocomposites such as bone, teeth, diatoms, and sea-shells. These structures form through template-assisted self-assembly, in which self-assembled organic materials (proteins, lipids, or both) serve as the structural scaffolding. The outcome is multifunctional composites with self-healing, sensing, and actuating properties. The course will critically evaluate the potential of biologically-inspired materials in future applications.
1234	CHE	441	S07-08		Chemical Reaction Engineering	Introduction to chemical reaction engineering and reactor design in chemical and biological processes.  Concepts of chemical kinetics for both homogeneous and heterogeneous reactions.  Coupled transport and chemical/biological rate processes.  Reaction network analysis.
1235	CHE	447	S07-08		Biochemical Engineering	This course is designed to introduce foundations of conventional biochemical engineering, starting with biological concepts associated with gene expression and metabolic control, reactor and process design, commodity scale bioengineering, pharmaceutical manufacturing, and specific considerations associated with the manufacture of biologics. Reading material will be drawn from many sources, including textbooks, journal papers and industrial manuals. Outside speakers will provide first-hand descriptions of specific roles for engineers in biotechnology at the research and manufacturing levels.
1236	CHE	452	S07-08		Independent Work	This is a one-term independent work for seniors in Chemical Engineering.  This is to be selected only by students doing one-term independent work in the spring of the senior year.  Students doing a two-term thesis should register for ChE 454.
1237	CHE	454	S07-08		Senior Thesis	This is a two-term independent work/thesis for seniors in Chemical Engineering.  Students doing one-term independent work should register for ChE 451 (fall) or ChE 452 (spring).
1238	CHE	501	S07-08		Incompressible Fluid Mechanics	Self-contained treatment of incompressible fluid mechanics including conservation laws and constitutive relations for Newtonian and non-Newtonian flows, dimensional analysis, unidirectional and creeping flows, self-similar flows, asymptotic approximations to complex flows, and lubrication and boundary layer phenomena. Time permitting, we introduce concepts and approximations relevant to hydrodynamic instabilities, turbulent flows and two-phase flows. Familiarity with vector analysis and solution techniques for ordinary and partial differential equations assumed.
1239	CHE	505	S07-08		Advanced Heat and Mass Transfer	This course will survey modeling and solutions methods for processes involving heat and mass transfer.  Topics will include convective and diffusive transport, conservation equations, scaling principles and approximation techniques, forced convection, multi-component energy and mass transfer as well as buoyancy and turbulent dirven transport.
1240	CHE	524	S07-08		Introduction to Statistical Mechanics	Statistical mechanics provides the basis for understanding the equilibrium and nonequilibrium properties of matter in terms of the microscopic details of molecular interactions and structure.  The course aims to provide students with working knowledge of the fundamentals and applications of statistical mechanics.
1241	CHE	544	S07-08		Solid-State Properties of Polymers	Modulus-temperature behavior, mechanical and dielectric measurements, crystal structure by x-ray diffraction. Rheo-optical techniques: birefringence, dichroism, fluorescence. Small-angle scattering techniques: light, x-ray, neutron. Multiphase and multicomponent polymers: block and segmented polymers, blends, ionomers, interpenetrating networks.  Case studies in structure-property relationships.
1242	CHE	591	S07-08		Seminar in Complex Materials	Discussion and study of current research in complex materials.
1243	CHE	592	S07-08		Seminar in Chemical Engineering	Discussion and study of current research in chemical engineering.
1244	CHI	102	S07-08		Elementary Chinese II	Continuation of Chinese 101.  To develop basic competence in understanding, speaking, reading and writing Mandarin Chinese.
1245	CHI	107	S07-08		Intermediate Chinese II	Continuing the intensive study of modern spoken and written Chinese, this course shifts the emphasis to the reading of modern cultural and social issues.
1246	CHI	108	S07-08		Intensive Intermediate Chinese	An intensive course covering 105 and 107 in one semester for students who have finished 103 which covers 101 and 102.  The course will emphasize reading and writing skills and the analysis of grammar.  After 108, students are ready for third year courses.
1247	CHI	304	S07-08		Third-Year Modern Chinese II	A continuation of CHI 303, designed to improve the student's facility in written and oral expression through a close study of newspaper essays and commentaries.   Prerequisite:  CHI 303 or instructor's permission.
1248	CHI	306	S07-08		Intensive Third-Year Modern Chinese II	A continuation of 305, designed to further improve the student's facility in written and oral expression through a close study of essays published in contemporary Chinese newspapers and magazines.
1249	CHI	402	S07-08	LA	Advanced Classical Chinese II	Continuation of 401.  Readings in Qin & Han philosophical and historical texts and essays written from Tang to Qing.
1250	CHI	404	S07-08		Fourth-Year Modern Chinese II	A continuation of 403.  Reading and discussion of scholarly writings in the fields of Chinese literature and modern Chinese intellectual history.  A weekly written assignment will be required.    Prerequisite: 403, or instructor's permission.
1251	CHI	406	S07-08		Intensive Fourth-Year Modern Chinese II	Continued reading and discussion of scholarly writings on modern Chinese literature.  This course also exposes students to the social issues China has faced in recent years, while discussing various aspects of contemporary Chinese society.
1252	CHI	412	S07-08	LA	Readings in Classic Chinese Short Stories	Focuses on reading and discussing selections from Feng Menglong's Sanyan, the most popular and well-known collection of Classic Chinese short stories published in the late sixteenth century.  One class, two hours of discussion, conducted in Chinese.  Prerequisite: three or more years of modern Chinese, or instructor's permission.
1253	CHM	202	S07-08	ST	General Chemistry II	CHM 202 is a continuation of CHM 201.  Topics will include chemical kinetics, acid/base equilibrium, colligative properties, electrochemistry, and inorganic chemistry.
1254	CHM	233	S07-08	ST	An Integrated, Quantitative Introduction to the Natural Sciences II	An integrated, mathematically and computationally sophisticated introduction to physics and chemistry, drawing on examples from biological systems.  This year-long 4 course sequence is a multi-disciplinary course taught across 4 departments with the following faculty involved in teaching the course: W. Bialek, D. Marlow (PHY); D. Botstein, E. Wieschaus (MOL); B. Chazelle, O. Troyanskaya (COS); C. Schutt, J. Groves, (CHM).  5  hours of lecture, one 3 hour laboratory, one 3 hour computational laboratory, one optional evening problem session.
1255	CHM	234	S07-08		An Integrated, Quantitative Introduction to the Natural Sciences II	An integrated, mathematically and computationally sophisticated introduction to physics and chemistry, drawing on examples from biological systems.  This year-long 4 course sequence is a multi-disciplinary course taught across 4 departments with the following faculty involved in teaching the course: W. Bialek, D. Marlow (PHY); D. Botstein, E. Wieschaus (MOL); B. Chazelle, O. Troyanskaya (COS); C. Schutt, J. Groves (CHM).  5  hours of lecture, one 3 hour laboratory, one 3 hour computational laboratory, one optional evening problem session.
1256	CHM	236	S07-08		An Integrated, Quantitative Introduction to the Natural Sciences IV	An integrated, mathematically and computationally sophisticated introduction to biochemistry, molecular biology, genetics, genomics, and evolution. This is the second course in the year-long multidisciplinary integrated science sequence.  Four faculty will be involved over the year: D. Botstein, E. Wieschaus (MOL), J. Rabinowitz (CHM), L. Kruglyak (EEB). 2 hrs. and 40 min. of lecture, one precept (1 hr 50 min.), evening problem sessions are optional.
1257	CHM	304	S07-08	ST	Organic Chemistry II - Biological Emphasis	Continuation of Chemistry 303 (or 301).  The concepts introduced in 303 will be extended to the structures and reactions of more complex molecules, with an emphasis on how organic chemistry provides the framework for understanding molecular processes in biology.  The fundamental concepts of organic chemistry will be illustrated, as often as possible, with examples drawn from biological systems.
1258	CHM	306	S07-08		Physical Chemistry: Chemical Thermodynamics and Kinetics	At the center of this course is the recognition of Gibbs Free Energy as a fundamental quantity describing physical processes.  From this, we will develop concepts of thermodynamics and kinetics, and illustrate them with examples from chemistry and biology.
1259	CHM	333	S07-08	STX	Oil to Ozone:  Chemistry of the Environment	The chemical background of environmental issues.  Topics include energy and fuels, greenhouse effect, ozone, air pollution, food production, pesticides, metals pollution, carcinogens and anti-oxidants.
1260	CHM	406	S07-08		Advanced Physical Chemistry: Chemical Dynamics and Thermodynamics	This course is an introduction to statistical thermodynamics, kinetics, and molecular reaction dynamics.   Following a review of classical thermodynamics, the statistical mechanics of molecular systems is developed.  The course emphasizes a microscopic view of the properties of matter and of chemical reactions.  Short discussions of transport properties, chemical kinetics, and reaction dynamics form the rest of the course.
1261	CHM	408	S07-08	STX	Inorganic Chemistry:  Reactions and Mechanisms	Structure-reactivity correlations for inorganic complexes will be emphasized.  Ligand substitution and electron transfer processes will be presented.  The course will highlight applications of inorganic and organometallic chemistry to areas of current interest to both organic and inorganic chemists.  These areas will include organic synthesis, "redox" reactions, catalysis, and materials. (NOTE: Prior completion of a full year of organic chemistry is required for enrollment.)
1262	CHM	412	S07-08		Applied Quantitative Analysis: Molecular Recognition	Introduction to contemporary thinking about the nature of biomolecular recognition from a chemical and biochemical viewpoint.  We will begin with the study of simple chemical systems, and derive lessons that can be compared and contrasted with more complex biological systems.  Familiarity with the concepts of bonding, energy, and equilibrium from general chemistry will be assumed.  We will review other aspects of chemistry and mathematics as needed.
1263	CHM	502	S07-08		Advanced Quantum Chemistry	Selected advanced topics in quantum mechanics including: time-dependent quantum mechanics, angular momentum theory, scattering theory, and radiation-matter interactions.
1264	CHM	507	S07-08		Solid State Chemistry	Elementary crystallography; structural principles of extended solids; introduction to solid state physics, lattice dynamics, band theory and optical properties, surfaces and nanostructures.
1265	CHM	511	S07-08		The Chemistry and Physics of Nanomaterials	The tools needed to probe matter at the nanoscale level (STM, AFM, Diffractive probes, etc.) will be described first.  In the second part, after reviewing the fundamentals of intermolecular forces and interface science, the basic concepts needed to evaluate the difference between bulk and nanoscale properties will be presented. Finally, examples and applications of nanomaterials (clusters, monolayers, nanowires, etc.) will be discussed.  Integral parts of the course are a)learning how to read and evaluate the literature and b) a student-generated project based on such readings.
1266	CHM	512	S07-08		Chemical Kinetics	A survey of chemical kinetics. Kinetic measurements and experimental methods, reaction rate theory, molecular dynamics experiment and theory will be discussed.  Both gas phase and condensed phase kinetic studies will be considered.
1267	CHM	516	S07-08		Biophysical Chemistry II	Introduction to chemical reactions in living systems, including their kinetics and organization in networks, with an emphasis on underlying physical principles and evaluation of primary literature evidence.  Topics include enzyme catalyzed reactions, reaction networks for energy generation and biomolecule synthesis, and intergrated biochemical functioning of cells and organisms.  Includes discussion of techniques used to study the concentraions and reactions of biological molecules with a focus on quantitative and/or highly parallel (genomic-type) methods.
1268	CHM	524	S07-08		Topics in Inorganic Chemistry: Catalysis	This is a survey style course, which will include the kinetics of catalytic systems, analytic techniques to identity key species, and the exploration of well-established catalytic processes. Both homogeneous (Ziegler-Natta polymerization catalysts, Wilkinson¿s catalyst, and the Monsanto Process for example) and heterogeneous (Fischer-Tropsch for example) catalyst systems will be studied, The importance of surface morphology in heterogeneous systems will be investigated along with an introduction to electrocatalysis.
1269	CHM	525	S07-08		Production of Renewable Fuels and Energy	This course aims to present the scientific basis behind the current technological approaches used for the production of fuels from renewable sources and the barriers that need to be overcome to enable such technologies. The purpose is to learn scientific principles needed to solve a "grand challenge" of society.  The material will be introduced through readings taken from the current literature, as well as by focused seminars from experts in these topics.  Topics include: Fossil Fuel Reserves; SynFuels from coal; REforming of natural gas; Hydrogen from water splitting; (Continued in "Other Information.")
1270	CHM	534	S07-08		Modern Methods for Organic Synthesis	This course will expose you to many types of carbon-based molecular structures, the transformations they undergo, and many kinds of chemical reactions and strategies that are important to the field of organic synthesis. Recent advances in asymmetric catalysis, cascade and other complexity-generating structural transformations, and powerful strategies for chemical synthesis that evolved from ideas about the structural origins of important, biologiclaly active molecules such as steriod hormones, cofactors, and alkaloids will be addressed. (Continued in Other Information)
1271	CHM	536	S07-08		Topics in Organic Chemistry: Multipulse and Multidimensional NMR Methods for Structural Analysis	The course will focus on using multipulse and multidimensional NMR spectroscopy techniques for structure elucidation and characterization of complex organic molecules. Prior fundamental knowledge of NMR is assumed. Technology and application of selective irradiation 1D and a variety of nD methods, including optimal parametrization, data processing and data analysis will be discussed in detail; design and applications of multidimensional homo- and heteronuclear correlation spectroscopy, gradient-based and diffusion-based methods; rational strategies for structure determination and verification will be demonstrated using real life examples.
1272	CHM	539	S07-08		Introduction to Chemical Instrumentation	The application of instrumentation (chiefly spectrometers) to modern chemical research will be covered.  Primary emphasis will be on NMR methods, but significant sections of the course will be devoted to mass spectrometry and X-ray diffraction, and smaller sections will cover IR, UV, and EPR spectroscopy, as well as chiroptical techniques.
1273	CHM	542	S07-08		Principles of Macromolecular Structure: Protein Folding, Structure and Design	This course will be taught from the scientific literature. We will begin the semester with several classic papers on protein folding. As the semester progresses, we will read about protein structure, stability, and folding pathways. The latter part of the semester will focus on recent papers describing new research aimed toward the construction of novel proteins from "scratch." These papers will cover topics ranging from evolution in vitro to computational and rational design. The course will end by discussing the possibility of creating entirely artificial proteomes in the laboratory.
1274	CHV	361	S07-08	EM	Freedom, Self Control, and Addiction	Drug addicts are commonly taken to be archetypal examples of people who have lost control over their actions. This course takes the example of addiction as a framework for understanding the ongoing debate between philosophers and psychologists about the meaning of self-control, the limitations of responsibility, and the application of theory to medical and social policy. The readings cover philosophical theory as well as some material from psychology and biology.
1275	CHV	376	S07-08	EM	Bioethics: Life and Death Issues	Critical analysis of life and death issues in bioethics.  Issues to be discussed: abortion, duties to handicapped newborns, the scope of the right to refuse care, advance directives, proxy consent,  euthanasia and physician-assisted suicide, persistent vegetative state, and the definition of death.
1276	CLA	208	S07-08	LA	Origins and Nature of English Vocabulary	The origins and nature of English vocabulary, from Proto-Indo-European prehistory to current slang via [Beowulf]. Emphasis on the Greek and Latin component of English vocabulary, including technical terminology (medical/scientific, legal, and humanistic). Related topics: the alphabet and English spelling; slang and jargon; social and regional variation; vocabulary changes in progress; the "National Language" debate. 2 lectures, 1 precept.
1277	CLA	214	S07-08	EM	The Other Side of Rome	An introduction to Roman culture designed to complicate the traditional image of Rome as a static, rigidly conservative society, the course will explore how the Romans used such issues as gender and sexuality, conspicuous consumption, and slavery to define the place of their civilization within the natural order.  Authors like Petronius, Lucan, and Tacitus will focus our attention on the social complexities of imperial Rome.  We end with a look at contemporary representations of Rome to ask what role stereotypes of ancient Rome have come to play in 20th century America.
1278	CLA	217	S07-08	HA	The Greek World in the Hellenistic Age	The Greek experience from Alexander the Great through Cleopatra.  An exploration of the dramatic expansion of the Greek world into Egypt and the Near East brought about by the conquests and achievements of Alexander.  Study of the profound political, social, and intellectual changes that stemmed from the interaction of the cultures, and the entrance of Greece into the sphere of Rome.  Readings include history, biography, and inscriptions. Two Lectures, 1 precept.
1279	CLA	323	S07-08	LA	Self and Society in Classical Greek Drama	After a brief look at the origin and development of ancient Greek drama, the course will focus not on texts and authors, but on the theatre as an institution: buildings (from the dancing floor to the stone theatres of the late classical and Hellenistic periods), organization of the dramatic festivals (program, contests, financing), actors and acting, chorus, dance and music, props and machines, directors and audience(s). These and other aspects of the production and reception of classical drama will be discussed with reference to selected scenes from tragedy, comedy, and satyrplay and  illustrated by the archaeological material.
1280	CLA	326	S07-08	HA	Topics in Ancient History and Religion: The City of Rome in Antiquity	This course will offer a cross-disciplinary study of life, politics, and culture in the city of Rome from the early fourth century BC to the second century AD.  Literary, epigraphical, numismatic, and archaeological sources will be used to study the following topics in a specifically urban and Roman context:  Roman politics in an urban context, religion and festivals, topography and architecture, oratory, spectacle and games, city administration, police and security, the law and the courts, city markets and the economy, the urban population and its composition, demography, and the quality of life in the city.
1281	CLA	327	S07-08	HA	Topics in Ancient History and Religion: How the Classics became the Classics	The great majority of ancient literary works survive in manuscripts written more than a thousand years after the death of their authors. In spite of the new discoveries in papyri since the late 19th century, the bulk of ancient literature that we know today is what medieval scribes and scholars chose to preserve because they saw utility (more frequently than beauty) in doing so. The seminar will examine the motivation and mechanisms that enabled the transmission of ancient literature throughout the Middle Ages and the Renaissance. Reference will be made to the Greek, Latin, and Arabic Middle Ages.
1282	CLA	506	S07-08		Greek Tragedy: Character and Characterization in Greek Tragedy	The last decades have seen a lively discussion about the importance of character and characterization in Greek tragedy.  We will discuss ancient and modern concepts of character and the restrictions imposed on the forms and techniques of characterization by the conditions of the ancient theatre (stage, masks, costumes, language and rhetoric, conventional forms of communication) and we will look at selected characters and plays from all three tragedians.
1283	CLA	509	S07-08		Plato: On Language	This course will look at Plato's positions on language.  Readings will include the [Cratylus], parts of the [Sophist] and [Politicus], as well as of the more rhetorically-infected dialogues, including [Phaedrus] and [Gorgias].  We will look at points of contrast in Aristotle and the Presocratics and keep one eye on contemporary discussions of language theory.
1284	CLA	522	S07-08		Problems in Greek History: Greek Democracy	In this seminar we will study the origins, evolution and organization of democratic states in Greek Antiquity. We will analyze the historical process which made possible the emergence of the democratic system and how it became widespread in the Greek world. Although the focus will be on Athens in the classical age (5th and 4th century BC) we will also deal with other poleis such as Syracuse, as well as with democratic regimes of the Hellenistic period.
1285	CLA	533	S07-08		Vergil: Aeneid (Selected books)	The entire [Aeneid] will be read.  There will be two main concentrations of interest, on the [Aeneid] as a member of the Greco-Roman epic tradition, and on the [Aeneid's] role in the Augustan revolution.
1286	CLA	541	S07-08		Survey of Early Medieval Latin Literature	Introduction to Latin literature and to the transmission and reception of classical Antiquity, from Proba (ca. 360) to the court of Charlemagne. Analysis and discussion of selected readings in influential authors and major genres of poetry and prose. Background readings on the development of a distinctive late-Antique literary sensibility, the impact of popular and Christian Latinity, experimentation in literary form and technique, medieval concepts of authorship, and modern reception-theory.
1287	CLA	546	S07-08		Problems in Roman History: The Roman Family	This seminar will investigate salient aspects of the history of Roman family formation.  Technical aspects of life course such as engagement, marriage, childhood, divorce and old age will be treated.  The history of attitudes towards and sentiments concerning family and marriage will also be considered.
1288	CLA	564	S07-08		Problems in Indo-European Linguistics: Greek and Latin Compared	This seminar aims to give a survey of the historical/comparative linguistic material regularly offered in CLA 561 (Latin) and 562 (Greek), but with two twists. First, we will engage in more direct comparison between Greek and Latin rather than looking just at historical developments into the one or the other from Proto-Indo-European. And second, we will consider how a greater appreciation of linguistic methods can help us as we go about our usual work as classicists, work that often involves bringing Greek and Latin together. Topics will include bilingualism, calques, intertextuality, and whatever is of special interest to the participants.
1289	CLA	599	S07-08		Dissertation Writers' Seminar	A practical and theoretical introduction to scholarly writing at the dissertation level and beyond.  This seminar is normally required of all post-generals students and will provide information and guidance on the proposal and dissertation writing process; the seminar will meet every two or three weeks throughout the year, providing a forum for dissertators to circulate work in progress for feedback, and to discuss issues that arise in their work.
1290	CLG	102	S07-08		Beginner's Greek: Attic Prose	Designed to enable the student to read classical Attic Greek with facility; at the end of the year short selections of Attic prose will be read.  Equal emphasis on acquiring a vocabulary and an understanding of the structure of the language.
1291	CLG	103	S07-08		Ancient Greek: An Intensive Introduction	This is an intensive introduction to Greek grammar. It covers in one semester material usually done in the standard two-semester introductory sequence (CLG 101/102). Students who complete this course and then take CLG 105 in the fall will be able to complete the usual three semesters' sequence in two and can fulfill the language requirement by taking only one additional course, typically CLG 108.  This course aims at providing a reading knowledge of Classical Greek, quickly.
1292	CLG	108	S07-08		Homer	To learn to read Homer with pleasure.  Introduction to Homeric dialect, oral poetry, and meter; discussion of literary technique, historical background to the epics, and Homer's role in the development of Greek thought.
1293	CLG	240	S07-08	LA	Introduction to Postclassical Greek from the Late Antique to the Byzantine Era	This course offers an introduction to the world of Greek literature of early Christianity.  Its aim is to improve students' language skills and introduce them to an array of religious, literary and historical texts from the first four centuries CE.  Texts will be read in Greek with some additional readings in English.  The course is open to all interested students with a working knowledge of Greek, classical or koine.
1294	CLG	304	S07-08	HA	Greek Historians	We will read selections from Herodotus' Histories, with an emphasis on Books 1 and 9.  We will discuss the text from a broad perspective, examining it both as a work of history and as a work of literature.  Particular attention will be paid to the relationship of historical writing to other forms of literature (both poetic and "scientific") as well as to oral tradition and oral storytelling.  At the same time, the Histories will be explored as a major source for Greek and Persian history.
1295	COM	206	S07-08	LA	Masterworks of European Literature	In this course we will read and analyze several of the greatest monuments of European Literature from the 16th to the 20th Century.  The central thread of our study will be the emergence and development of the novel as the primary mode of Western literary expression.  This focus on the art of the novel will allow us to move outside of the geographical boundaries of Europe, to include certain non-Western examples that can expand and deepen our understanding of the literary significance of the novel.
1296	COM	236	S07-08	LA	Rituals, Songs, and Stories: Balkan and East European Oral Traditions	This course explores oral traditions and oral literary genres (in English translation) of the Balkan and East European world, both past and present. Topics include traditional rituals (life-cycle and seasonal) and the music and song associated with them, contemporary forms of traditional and popular culture, and oral traditional narrative: prose (folktale and legend) and poetry (epic and ballad). Discussion and analysis will focus on the roles and meanings of Balkan and East European oral traditions as forms of expressive culture.
1297	COM	238	S07-08		Contemporary Latin American Literature	This course is an introduction to the study of contemporary Latin American literature and visual arts. It will provide the student with essential tools to critically read and analyze texts from different traditions and styles.  By placing special emphasis on the problem of space, history, bodies, freedom, and politics, the course will analyze the emergence of different contemporary genres such as neorealism, neo-detective, and neo-picaresque fiction.  The aim is that the student will become familiar with the most important themes in contemporary Latin American writing.
1298	COM	301	S07-08	LA	Theory and Methods of Comparative Literature: Critical and Literary Theory	A course in the foundational texts of contemporary critical theory. The relationships among literature, philosophy, aesthetics, and linguistics will be investigated as they come to the fore in the intellectual development of the following, among others: modern philology, New Criticism, hermeneutics, structuralism, speech act theory, Marxist and cultural criticism, historical-epistemological aesthetics, rhetorical criticism, and poststructuralism.
1299	COM	309	S07-08	LA	The Lyric	An introduction to the art of lyric poetry from late medieval times to the present, with attention both to formal verse patterns - and the frequent resistance to them in modern poetry.  We will read texts from several lyric traditions, including English.  Close readings will be supplemented by essays & discussions about the lyric's ambiguous relationship to other literary and artistic forms, as well as to history and politics.  All readings will be provided in English translation as well as in the original language.
1300	COM	318	S07-08	LA	The Modern Period	Revolutions hold a special place in our history and imagination. From 1789 to 1989 and beyond, they leave traces of change. What can literary and philosophical texts "do" with and in revolution? And, what is "revolution" anyway? Is it peculiarly modern? In this course, we will try to come to terms with literary and philosophical revolutions that have altered our thinking and perception of the world. We will probe these revolutionary texts for the images they leave of ideals and disenchantments.
1301	COM	324	S07-08	LA	The Classical Tradition	No classical myth has led a fuller life in Western culture than the story of the boy who fell in love with his own reflection and rejected the girl whose lovesickness reduced her to a mere Echo.  From Pompeii to Salvador Dali, from Ovid to Günter Grass, from early opera to modern dance, from love poetry to art theory to psychoanalysis, Narcissus, along with subjects like self-love, mirror images, and the echo, is everywhere.  We will explore the life of the myth across its many varying manifestations and also consider the methodologies of Comparative Literature as a discipline that crosses multiple boundaries.
1302	COM	360	S07-08	LA	Quixotic Desires	Since 1605, Don Quixote has been an icon of idealistic and misguided desire.  This course explores quixotic desire and its representation (from the psychoanalytic to the cultural issues it raises) in Cervantes seminal text, Flaubert's daring update, 'Madame Bovary', Mann's 'Death in Venice', Nabokov's 'Lolita', and Kathy Acker's post-feminist post-punk 'Don Quixote'.   Films inspired by this topic (by Welles, Visconti, Chabrol and Kubrick) will also be considered.
1303	COM	372	S07-08	LA	The Gothic Tradition	The purpose of this seminar is to analyze and understand the cultural meanings of the Gothic mode through a study of its characteristic elements, its origins in eighteenth-century English and German culture and thought, its development across Western national traditions, and its persistence in contemporary culture, including film, electronic media, clothing, social behavior, and belief systems, as well as literature.  Films, artifacts, web sites and electronic publications will supplement readings.
1304	COM	381	S07-08		Literature and Suffering	Suffering is perhaps one of the most difficult human experiences with which to come to terms. It cannot easily be subsumed in normative systems of thinking, indeed it often radically calls into question the very essence of morality and critical judgment. Suffering thus confronts us with a conceptual problem as well as a problem of representation. Can all suffering be expressed? And, what does it mean to speak of unspeakable suffering? Where do texts "give up?" In this course, we will read texts that take us to hells and underworlds, to the human mind, and to many other places.
1305	COM	382	S07-08		Colonialism, Technology and the Environment in Latin America	This course will explore Spanish colonialism, technology, and the environment in the 16th, 17th, and 18th centuries. We will look at Spanish imperial scientific and technical expansion as well as Creole and national narratives in order to provide a genealogy of the modern notion of "natural resources" in colonial Latin America. We will investigate how imperial practices such as cartography, metallurgy and botanical knowledge laid the foundations of the Scientific Revolution and modern ideals of the Enlightenment by understanding nature in terms of raw material and standing reserve.
1306	COM	386	S07-08		Romantic Poetry	A course focusing on in-depth readings of the following poets: Wordsworth, Keats, Shelley, Holderlin, Baudelaire.  Reading knowledge of French and/or German desirable but not required.
1307	COM	400	S07-08	LA	Seminar: Literary Imagination and the Image of History: The Historical Novel from Europe to Africa	This course will explore the crisis in historical representation in Europe and Africa in the second half of the 20th century.  Historians and novelists have realized the limitations of a certain tradition of historical narration and have devised new strategies for recounting important personages and events.  We will move from postmodern European fiction to postcolonial African fiction, examining attempts to tell untellable and/or untold histories.  Our ultimate goal will be not only to compare the "post"s in postmodern and postcolonial, but to see whether certain texts might be both and, of course, why this might be important.
1308	COM	403	S07-08	LA	Seminar. The Aesthetic Movement: Forms of Excitement	An examination of selected works of European literature, chiefly around the turn of the twentieth century, that provoke distinctive "forms of (literary) excitement."  Topics will include decadence, ecstasy, ekphrasis, self-mirroring, asceticism, sadomasochism, dandyism, epiphany, and "l'art pour l'art."
1309	COM	410	S07-08	LA	Bakhtin, the Russian Formalists, and Cultural Semiotics	The seminar surveys (in English) three influential schools of 20th-century Russian literary criticism: the Russian Formalists (1920s); Mikhail Bakhtin (1920s-70s), and the cultural semiotics of Yury Lotman and the Tartu School (1960s-80s). The course will include both primary and secondary texts; major essays will be read in conjunction with literature that illustrates and tests the critical approach.
1310	COM	535	S07-08		Contemporary Critical Theories: Novel Theories	An introduction to the theory of narrative, with an emphasis on theories of the novel.
1311	COM	543	S07-08		Topics in Medieval Literature: The Medieval Voice	This seminar will investigate the multiple dimensions of the medieval voice: grammatical, logical, musical, and poetic. Topics to be discussed include the relation between sound and voice, the elements of writing, universals, rational and irrational noise, tone and timbre, syllabification, and rhyme. Authors to be discussed may include Aristotle, Prisican, Boethius, Porphyry, Anselm, Gaunilo, Abelard, Roscelin, Guilhem de Peitieus, Arnaut Daniel, Dante, Eustache Deschamps.
1312	COM	581	S07-08		Topics in Non-Western and General Literature: Medieval Japanese Representations of the Subject	One three-hour seminar per week.      Readings in Medieval Japanese ranging from religious texts to non dramas and selections from classic anthologies.
1313	COM	583	S07-08		Russia and the West: Russian and the West:Bakhtin and the Russian Formalists	A survey of three major schools of 20th c. Russian criticism: Formalist (1910s-1920s), Bakhtin (1920s-50s) and cultural semiotics (the Lotman School, 1960s-80s), piggy-backing off COM 410.  Day 1 of each week will discuss the theory; Day 2 will test the theory against select literary texts.  Students meet an additional one hour for graduate credit.  No knowledge of Russian presumed.
1314	COS	116	S07-08	ST	The Computational Universe	Computers have brought the world to our fingertips. We will try to understand at a basic level the science--old and new--underlying this new Computational Universe. Our quest takes us on a broad sweep of scientific knowledge and related technologies: propositional logic of the ancient Greeks (microprocessors); quantum mechanics (silicon chips); network and system phenomena (internet and search engines); computational intractability (secure encryption); and efficient algorithms (genomic sequencing). Ultimately, this study makes us look anew at ourselves--our genome; language; music; "knowledge"; and, above all, the mystery of our intelligence.
1315	COS	126	S07-08	QR	General Computer Science	An introduction to computer science in the context of scientific, engineering, and commercial applications. The goal of the course is to teach basic principles and practical issues, while at the same time preparing students to use computers effectively for applications in computer science, physics, biology, chemistry, engineering, and other disciplines. Topics include: hardware and software systems; programming in Java; algorithms and data structures; fundamental principles of computation; and scientific computing, including simulation, optimization, and data analysis. Two lectures, two precepts.
1316	COS	217	S07-08	QR	Introduction to Programming Systems	Introduction to programming systems, including modular programming, advanced program design, programming style, test, debugging and performance tuning; machine languages and assembly language; and use of system call services.
1317	COS	226	S07-08	QR	Algorithms and Data Structures	This course surveys the most important algorithms and data structures in use on computers today. Particular emphasis is given to algorithms for sorting, searching, and string processing. Fundamental algorithms in a number of other areas are covered as well, including geometric algorithms, graph algorithms, and some numerical algorithms. The course will concentrate on developing implementations, understanding their performance characteristics, and estimating their potential effectiveness in applications.
1318	COS	320	S07-08		Compiling Techniques	Understand the design and construction of compilers. Concepts include syntax analysis, semantics, code generation, optimization and run-time systems.  Translation of imperative languages (such as C), functional languages (such as ML), and object-oriented languages (such as Java) will be studied.  Students will implement a complete compiler for a small language.
1319	COS	333	S07-08		Advanced Programming Techniques	This is a course about the practice of programming.  Programming is more than just writing code.  Programmers must also assess tradeoffs, choose among design alternatives, debug and test, improve performance, and maintain software written by themselves & others. At the same time, they must be concerned with compatibility, robustness, and reliability, while meeting specifications.  Students will have the opportunity to develop these skills by working on their own code and in group projects.
1320	COS	398	S07-08		Junior Independent Work (B.S.E. candidates only)	Provides an opportunity for a student to concentrate on a "state-of-the-art" project in computer science. Topics may be selected from suggestions by faculty members or proposed by the student.  The final choice must be approved by the faculty advisor.
1321	COS	423	S07-08		Theory of Algorithms	Design and analysis of efficient data structures and algorithms. General techniques for building and analyzing algorithms. Introduction to NP-completeness.
1322	COS	424	S07-08		Interacting with Data	Computers have made it possible, even easy, to collect vast amounts of data from a wide variety of sources.  It is not always clear, however, how to use that data, and how to extract useful information from it.  This problem is faced in a tremendous range of business and scientific applications.  This course will focus on some of the most useful approaches to this broad problem, exploring both theoretical foundations and practical applications.  Students will gain experience analyzing several kinds of data, including text, images and biological data.  Topics will include classification, clustering, prediction, and dimensionality reduction.
1323	COS	426	S07-08		Computer Graphics	Introduction to computer graphics.  Topics include image synthesis, 3D modeling, image processing and animation.  Encourage hands-on experience.
1324	COS	435	S07-08		Information Retrieval, Discovery, and Delivery	This course examines the methods used to search for information in large digital collections (e.g. Google) and how digital content is gathered by search engines.  We study classic techniques of indexing documents and searching text and also new algorithms that exploit properties of the Web (e.g. links) and other digital collections, including multimedia collections.  We contrast the problems and requirements of two extremes: database systems and Web search engines.  We also examine systems aspects of search technology: how distributed computing and storage are used to make information delivery efficient.
1325	COS	444	S07-08	SA	Internet Auctions: Theory and Practice	The goal of this course is to connect theory to real-world electronic auctions.  Basic results will be derived and tested,  in class and by observing Internet auctions.   Topics include: Vickrey auctions, revenue equivence, optimal auctions, multiple-unit auctions, mechanism design, current Internet auctions, modeling auction behavior and agent-based simulation.
1326	COS	461	S07-08		Computer Networks	This course studies computer networks and the services built on top of them.  Topics include packet-switch and multi-access networks, routing and flow control, congestion control and quality-of-service, Internet protocols (IP, TCP, BGP), the client-server model and RPC, elements of distributed systems (naming, security, caching) and the design of network services (multimedia, file and web servers).
1327	COS	498	S07-08		Senior Independent Work (B.S.E. candidates only)	Provides an opportunity for a student to concentrate on a "state-of-the-art" project in computer science. Topics may be selected from suggestions by faculty members or proposed by the student.  The final choice must be approved by the faculty advisor.
1328	COS	511	S07-08		Theoretical Machine Learning	Course introduces the mathematical foundations of machine learning, including theoretical models of machine learning, and the design and analysis of learning algorithms.  Topics include: bounds on the number of random examples needed to learn; learning from non-random examples in the on-line learning model (i.e., for investment portfolio selection); how to boost the accuracy of a weak learning algorithm; learning with queries; Fourier-based algorithms and support-vector machines.
1329	COS	598A	S07-08		Advanced Topics in Computer Science: Parallel Architecture & Programming	Interdisciplinary course studying the design of scalable parallel computer systems, taking an application-driven perspective.  Focus will be on the boundary of systems and applications, understanding how to take advantage of these systems to develop scalable applications, what the key interactions are between systems and applications that affect performance, and how to therefore design systems to better support important classes of applications.
1330	COS	598B	S07-08		Advanced Topics in Computer Science: Vision: From Neuronal Mechanisms to Computational Models	Course emphasizes an interdisciplinary approach aimed at understanding vision at several levels: neurophysiology, psychophysics, cognition, algorithms, and computational models. We cover topics in low-, mid-, and high-level visual processes.  We will survey literature across the different fields of research, ranging from neuroscience and psychology to computer vision.  Students will be required to present research papers, submit homework, and complete one project (psychophysics or computer modeling).
1331	COS	598C	S07-08		Advanced Topics in Computer Science: Geometric Modeling and Analysis	Large databases of 3D data are becoming common in several fields, including computer graphics, computer-aided design, molecular biology, paleontology, and medicine.  Course will study algorithms for geometric analysis and retrieval of 3D shapes from these daatabases. Focus will be recent methods for matching, registering, recognizing, classifying, clustering, segmenting, and understanding 3D data.  Guest lecturer will lead discussions on applications of 3D shape analysis. Coursework includes reading/presenting research papers and executing projects of the students' choosing,  Open to undergrads and grads in all fields.
1332	COS	598D	S07-08		Advanced Topics in Computer Science: Mathematical Methods in Theoretical Computer Science	We will survey techniques and tools from algebra, number theory, combinatorics, and other areas that have found interesting applications in complexity theory and theoretical computer science at large.  Focus will be on recent results, especially those having to do with explicit constructions of combinatorial objects with various desirable properties.  Course intended for CS or Math grad students interested in pursuing research in theoretical computer science.
1333	COS	598F	S07-08		Advanced Topics in Computer Science: Biological Networks: Analysis and Prediction	We will discuss recent research on computational analysis of biological networks.  Topics covered include methods for predicting protein-protein and protein-DNA interactions, comparing, partitioning and interrogating interaction networks, network-based protein function prediction, and uncovering network organizational principles.
1334	CWR	202	S07-08	LA	Creative Writing (Poetry)	Practice in the original composition of poetry supplemented by the reading and analysis of standard works.   Criticism by practicing writers and talented peers encourages the student's growth as both creator and reader of literature.  Prerequisite: permission of instructor.
1335	CWR	204	S07-08	LA	Creative Writing (Fiction)	The curriculum allows the student to develop writing skills, provides an introduction to the possibilities of contemporary literature and offers a perspective on the place of literature among the liberal arts.  Criticism by practicing writers and talented peers encourages the student's growth as both creator and reader of literature.
1336	CWR	206	S07-08	LA	Creative Writing (Translation)	Practice in the translation of literary works from another language into English supplemented by the reading and analysis of standard works.  Criticism by professionals and talented peers encourages the student's growth as both creator and reader of literature.
1337	CWR	302	S07-08	LA	Advanced Creative Writing (Poetry)	Advanced practice in the original composition of poetry for discussion in regularly scheduled workshop meetings.  The curriculum allows the student to develop writing skills, provides an introduction to the possibilities of contemporary literature and offers perspective on the places of literature among the liberal arts.
1338	CWR	304	S07-08	LA	Advanced Creative Writing (Fiction)	Advanced practice in the original composition of fiction for discussion in regularly scheduled workshop meetings.   The curriculum allows the student to develop writing skills, provides an introduction to the possibilities of contemporary literature and offers perspective on the place of literature among the liberal arts.  Criticism by practicing writers and talented peers encourages the student's growth as both creator and reader of literature.
1339	CWR	306	S07-08	LA	Advanced Creative Writing (Translation)	Practice in the translation of literary works from another language into English supplemented by the reading and analysis of standard works.  Criticism by professionals and talented peers encourages the student's growth as both creator and reader of literature.
1340	CZE	107	S07-08		Intermediate Czech II	A continuation of CZE105.  Advanced grammar topics, building of vocabulary through studying Czech word formation and reading challenging samples of Czech literature (prose, poetry, drama).  Continuing practice in oral communication.  Three hours per week.  Prerequisite:  CZE105 or with instructor's consent.
1341	DAN	209	S07-08	LA	Introduction to Movement and Dance	A mix of movement techniques, improvisation, and composition.  Students with no previous dance training will learn how to recognize their own movement potential and how to build their own dances.  The essential principles and evolution of 20th-century modern and post-modern dance will be studied through readings and viewings of live and videotaped dance performances.
1342	DAN	211	S07-08	LA	The American Dance Experience and Africanist Dance Practices	A studio course introducing students to American dance aesthetics and practices, with a focus on how its evolution has been influenced by African American choreographers and dancers. An ongoing study of movement practices from traditional African dances and those of the African diaspora, touching on American jazz dance, modern dance, and American ballet.  Studio work will be complemented by readings, video viewings, guest speakers, and dance studies.
1343	DAN	220	S07-08	LA	Modern Dance: Beginning/Intermediate Technique and Choreography	The practice of primarily modern dance and some ballet techniques designed to further expand movement vocabulary and expressive range.  Students will be introduced to the influence of Modernism on choreographic practices through structured improvisations, choreographic studies, viewing videotapes and readings.  Two two-hour classes in technique, one two-hour class in choreography.
1344	DAN	309	S07-08	LA	Modern Dance: Intermediate Technique and Choreography	To understand and experience contemporary dance through technique, choreography and reading.  In technique, students will be challenged to expand movement range and increase technical mastery as related to modern and contemporary dance practices.  In choreography, students will be encouraged to create dances that articulate their independent vision in solo and group works.  Readings about and viewing of live and videotaped dance from mid-20th century dance will supplement studio work and expand knowledge of historical and contemporary trends in the arts.
1345	DAN	321	S07-08	LA	Special Topics in Dance History, Criticism, and Aesthetics: Three Eyes on the Prize: Historical, Critical and Theoretical Takes	With dance in their sightlines, thinkers with distinct points of view have aimed to arrest the moving art they observed to see what makes it tick, and yes, move, in both the literal and figurative senses. This course will look at the ways in which observers have focused on the inner workings and the meanings of dance's mute art. Using examples from the performing art's rich past, the class will study the literature delineating the activity of dance. The work of the critic, the historian, and the theorist -- and occasionally the practitioner as well -- will prompt our thinking about dancing past and present.
1346	DAN	409	S07-08	LA	Contemporary Dance: Advanced Technique and Choreography	Advanced dance technique and choreography, with an emphasis on contemporary practices.  In technique, students will be challenged to expand their movement range and increase their technical mastery in ways required by today's dance world.  In Choreography, students will explore the new territory pioneered by leading choreographers.  Selected readings and viewing of live and videotaped dance from the late 20th Century will supplement studio work and expand knowledge of contemporary trends in the arts.
1347	EAS	221	S07-08	LA	Introduction to Modern Japanese Literature	This course explores major trends in modern Japanese literature from the 1870s to the present.  Important themes and narrative forms will be identified with attention to intellectual and cultural currents. Topics include artistic responses to modernization and urbanization; the impact of the war and the occupation on literature; gender and discursive practices; postmodernism.  Films will be shown in conjunction with some of the works.  Knowledge of Japanese not required.
1348	EAS	232	S07-08	LA	Introduction to Chinese Literature	Survey of classical Chinese literature.  All readings are in English.  Topics include: nature of the Chinese language; the beginnings of poetry; development of narrative and historical writing; classical Chinese poetics; nature poetry; literature of protest, dissent, and political satire; love poetry; religious and philosophical ideas in Chinese literature.
1349	EAS	320	S07-08	HA	Early Japanese History	The World of the Tale of Heike. Using the translation of the Heike Monogatari (Tales of the Heike) as a central text, will explore the transition from court to warrior dominated society in Japan between the 12th and 15th centuries.  Themes of war, love, heroism, betrayal, religion and values, politics, society and economy. Immersion in early Japanese culture.
1350	EAS	327	S07-08	LA	Religion, Poetry, and Memory in Ancient China	The seminar explores the interplay of religious and aesthetic -- especially poetic -- practice in ancient China, and how the performance of texts in religious contexts contributed to the formation of Chinese cultural memory and identity. Combining anthropological, art historical, and literary analysis, the discussion centers on the performative nature and functions of texts and artifacts (including texts as material artifacts) in their social and religious spaces.  Emphasis on close analysis of original texts (in English translation) and visuals.
1351	EAS	328	S07-08	LA	Global Spectacle and East Asian Cinema	This course takes a historically and formally rigorous approach to East Asian films that have breached the global visual field.  We look at films from a variety of genres and historical moments, ranging from Akira Kurosawa's 1950 Rashomon to Bong Joon-ho's 2007 The Host, and investigate the conditions for their success -- critical, commercial, or otherwise.  Along the way, we will consider problems of nationalism, race, and globalization, and at the same time think seriously about the function of cinema in society, politics, and culture.
1352	EAS	334	S07-08	LA	Twentieth-Century Chinese Literature	To acquaint the student with the art and ideas of important writers in modern China, and to relate modern Chinese literature to its historical context.
1353	EAS	416	S07-08	HA	Intellectual History of China from the Ninth to the 19th Century	The course centers on the changing role of the intellectual elite -- how they were recruited, their relationship to holders of powers, their attitudes toward the past and their cultural heritage. The aim of the course is to provide a clearer understanding of the burdens and privileges of intellectuals in Chinese society.
1354	EAS	437	S07-08	SA	Japan in the New Millennium	Postwar Japan, a society mobilized in its entirety for economic growth, has been plagued by recession and a number of national upheavals. The result has been a pervasive questioning of postwar institutions and values. The course examines the problems, criticism, and impasses brought about by the postwar system: the disenchantment of Japanese youth, the banking crisis and "culture clash" resulting from American buy-outs, fascination with "girl culture" as a space outside regimes of production, apocalyptic narratives of environmental destruction, and neo-nationalist themes of re-militarization.
1355	EAS	447	S07-08	SA	Introduction to Japanese Linguistics	This course teaches interconnections between Japanese language and culture.  The course involves structural analysis of the key grammatical  concepts and their relevance to cultural notions of uchi (inside) and soto (outside).
1356	EAS	460	S07-08	SA	Gendered Identities in Contemporary Korea	This course explores gender and gendered identities as produced and performed in different disciplinary frameworks and historical contexts in contemporary Korea.  The relationship between gender formation and 20th century Korean history will be examined through the study of both texts (popular, journalistic, and scholarly) and visual media (films, television shows, and magazines).  We will analyze the construction of masculinity and femininity in specific institutions and cultural practices such as military service, the sex industry, and marriage, as well as sports, cinema, and popular culture.
1357	EAS	504	S07-08		Early China	Course topics:  The Classic of Documents (Shangshu)    Readings in the Classic of Documents (Shangshu) and its traditional commentaries, together with a review of its history of scholarship from antiquity to the present.  Particular attention will be devoted to the place of the Shangshu in Warring States and Han intellectual history, to its early use and quotation as a proof text, to the formation of its different chapters in terms of language and ideology, and to what can be tentatively reconstructed as its original context in Zhou political and religious ritual.
1358	EAS	508	S07-08		Chinese Intellectual History	Methods, sources, and problems of research in Chinese thought, including examination of some broad interpretations of intellectual development of China.  A reading knowledge of Chinese or Japanese is required for the study of selected problems areas through seminar discussion, oral reports, and research papers.
1359	EAS	534	S07-08		Readings in Chinese Literature	Close readings and analysis of the Wen xuan and its classical commentaries.  Special attention will be given to the poetry section.
1360	EAS	535	S07-08		Readings in Modern Chinese Literature	The course explores readings in 20th-century literature and related scholarship.  Emphases vary from year to year to suit the needs of students.  There is discussionin Chinese or English, as appropriate.
1361	EAS	544	S07-08		20th-Century Japanese Literature	Readings in selected texts in modern Japanese literature.
1362	EAS	546	S07-08		Introduction to Kanbun	Introduction to the basic of reading Chinese-style Classical Japanese and its related forms.  Texts:  Literary and historical texts from both China and Japan.   Prerequisite:  Japanese 403 or Instructor's permission.
1363	EAS	564	S07-08		Readings in Japanese Academic Style II	This is the second half of the two-semester course which trains students in reading the particular style of Japanese academic writing.  The course does not train all "four skills" of reading, writing, speaking, and listening;  instead it is devoted entirely to rapidly develop the necessary reading skills in Japanese academic style.  The course is conducted in English.
1364	EAS	571	S07-08		Readings in Early Modern Korean History	This course provides a survey of major issues and debates in the historiography of early modern Korea, and introduces the major English language works on Choson history as well as some key primary texts from the Choson period in classical Chinese.  No previous knowledge of Korean history or language is necessary, but a working knowledge of classical Chinese or classical Japanese (kanbun) is required.
1365	EAS	592	S07-08		The Politics of Deviancy, Punishment, and Social Order in East Asia	This is an interdisciplinary research seminar designed to contextualize recent intellectual contributions on law, social order, and deviancy in East Asia.  By drawing on political and social theories regarding marginalization, state rationality, and the public construction of justice, we will consider how the historical development of local prosecutorial and penal cultures reflects the spread of rationalized state institutions and of political and civil rights, even as these are shaped by local political demands.  We will also examine how changing debates about crime and deviancy reinforce or challenge patterns of power.
1366	ECO	100	S07-08	SA	Introduction to Microeconomics	This course presents fundamental analyses of the ways that households choose consumption and work, that incentives drive suppliers to utilize labor, technology and other inputs to produce goods and services and that a market economy harmonizes its sectors through the price system.  Against this backdrop, the roles played by public goods, environmental impacts, income distribution, monopoly power, taxes, welfare programs and entrepreneurship are considered.  The differing perspectives of market participants, public policy and academic economics are all exercised.
1367	ECO	101	S07-08	SA	Introduction to Macroeconomics	The theory of the determination of the level of national income and economic activity, including an examination of the financial system. Emphasis on economic growth and such economic problems as inflation, unemployment and recession, and on appropriate policy responses.  Some attention is also paid to international issues.
1368	ECO	108	S07-08	SA	Games of Strategy	The basic ideas of game theory. Examines strategically interdependent choices, where each person must take into account how the others will react. Involves little formal theorizing; the approach is through examples and case studies drawn from business, politics, sports, and even fiction and movies. Two lectures, one preceptorial.
1369	ECO	202	S07-08	QR	Statistics and Data Analysis for Economics	An introduction to probability and statistical methods for empirical work in economics.  Probability, random variables, sampling, descriptive statistics, probability distributions, estimation and hypotheses testing, introduction to the regression model. Economic applications are emphasized.
1370	ECO	301	S07-08	SA	Macroeconomics	This course covers the theory of modern macroeconomics in detail. We will focus on the determination of macroeconomic variables -- such as output, employment, price, and the interest rate -- in the short, medium, and long run, and we will address a number of policy issues. We will discuss several examples of macroeconomic phenomena in the real world. A central theme will be to understand the powers and limitations of macroeconomic policy in stabilizing the business cycle and promoting growth.
1371	ECO	310	S07-08	SA	Microeconomic Theory: A Mathematical Approach	This course presents the economic theory of individual and firm behavior using mathematical tools including calculus.  The course will emphasize applications of microeconomic theory to consumer choices, output and production of firms, market interaction and equilibrium.
1372	ECO	311	S07-08	SA	Macroeconomics: A Mathematical Approach	This course examines the determinants of long-run economic growth, short-run business cycle fluctuations, and the conduct of monetary and fiscal policy. The first part of the course develops a framework for the analysis of households' consumption and savings behavior and firms' production decisions, and uses that to analyze long-run growth in closed and open economies. The second part of the course extends that analysis to examine business cycle fluctuations, including inflation and unemployment. Current issues in macroeconomics and macroeconomic policy are discussed throughout.
1373	ECO	313	S07-08	QR	Econometric Applications	This course provides hands-on experience in the art and science of econometric analysis designed to help students to acquire and master the skills necessary to carry out their own empirical research in economics.  Various aspects of empirical research in economics will be covered including 1) development of testable economic models, 2) appropriate use of data, 3) specification and estimation of econometric models.  A range of applications will be presented and discussed in class and on problem sets.
1374	ECO	321	S07-08	SA	Industrial Organization	This course applies microeconomics to understand the nature of markets and industries. The emphasis is on employing analytic models that have empirical relevance to explain behavior of firms and the consequences for the role of an industry in the economy. One perspective of the course is on the forces that shape business strategies towards rivals and consumers. The other perspective of the course is on the rationales and designs of anti-trust and regulatory public policy towards business.
1375	ECO	341	S07-08	SA	Public Finance	The main goal is to learn to think analytically about government policy problems.
1376	ECO	352	S07-08	SA	International Trade	This course analyzes the causes and consequences of international trade and investment.  We investigate why nations trade, what they trade, and who gains from this trade.  We then analyze the motives for countries or organizations to restrict or regulate international trade and study the effects of such policies on economic welfare.  Topics covered will include the effects of trade on economic growth and wage inequality, multinationals and foreign direct investment, international trade agreements and current trade policy disputes.
1377	ECO	353	S07-08	SA	International Monetary Economics	This course studies the macroeconomics of open economies under various exchange-rate regimes. It examines the functioning of currency markets, how international linkages affect macroeconomic behavior and workings of monetary and fiscal policies, and the roles of investors and speculators in spot and forward currency markets. It reviews the evolution of the monetary system and studies current policy problems, including the global roles of the dollar, euro, and yen, the benefits and costs of European monetary union, currency and debt crises in emerging-market countries, the activities of the IMF, and proposals for reform of the monetary system.
1378	ECO	363	S07-08	SA	Corporate Finance and Financial Institutions	This course investigates the financing decisions of companies and financial institutions in the wider context of the workings of financial markets.  Topics include capital budgeting, capital structure choice, risk management, liquidity, corporate governance, and the interactions between corporate finance and the workings of financial institutions and markets.
1379	ECO	370	S07-08	HA	American Economic History	Modern economic theory is used to analyze growth and fluctuations in U.S. output from colonial times to the present. The course examines the role of labor markets, property rights in land and labor, financial institutions, transportation, innovation and other factors in economic growth. Before examining twentieth century fluctuations, a week is spent on business cycle theory. Then particular emphasis is placed on The Great Depression.
1380	ECO	372	S07-08	SA	Topics in Country and Regional Economics: East Asian Economic Development	This course uses two approaches to analyze economic development in East Asia. First, theoretical concepts of economic development are illustrated using individual East Asian countries. Second, country-specific current development issues of selected East Asian countries are examined. A number of concepts and events specific to East Asia are integrated into the course, including the East Asian "development miracle," the role of the government in East Asian economic development, the East Asian financial crisis, and differences in the development strategies and development paths of East Asian countries.
1381	ECO	385	S07-08	EM	Ethics and Economics	Introduction to ethical issues in market exchange, and in laws that regulate it. How ethical commitments evolve, and influence cooperation. The moral dimension of low wages, price discrimination, distribution of resources, trade in inalienable property, and the separation of choice and consequence. As time permits, the influence of economic ideas on moral reasoning.
1382	ECO	429	S07-08		Issues in Environmental and Natural Resource Economics	Course  introduces use of economics in understanding both the sources of and the remedies to environmental and resource allocation problems. It emphasizes the reoccurrence of economic phenomena like public goods, externalities, market failure and imperfect information. Students learn about the design and evaluation of environmental policy instruments, the political economy of environmental policy, and the valuation of environmental and natural resource services. These concepts are illustrated in a variety of applications from domestic pollution of air, water and land to international issues such as global warming and sustainable development.
1383	ECO	448	S07-08	SA	Economics and Politics	Questions at the intersection of politics and economics will be analyzed using economic methods. Particular emphasis will be placed on mathematical and game theoretic methods. The class will cover economic models of political institutions, such as elections or political parties. Topics include lobbying and interest groups, political business cycles, economic reform and the size of government.
1384	ECO	464	S07-08	SA	Corporate Restructuring	This course applies topics from microeconomics (Economics 310) and corporate finance (Economics 363) to study corporate restructuring.  Topics include mergers, acquisitions, joint ventures, divestiture and share repurchases.  Each of these is discussed in the context of the relevant economic theory, institutional and regulatory environment, and with a focus on shareholder value.
1385	ECO	466	S07-08	SA	Fixed Income: Models and Applications	This course will deal with no-arbitrage models of contracts based on interest rates including bonds, forward and future contracts, swaps, options and other derivatives. We will develop the theory of arbitrage-free pricing of financial assets in discrete and continuous time, as well as many special models that can be used to price and hedge fixed income securities.
1386	ECO	502	S07-08		Microeconomic Theory II	
1387	ECO	504	S07-08		Macroeconomic Theory II	This course is the second term of a two-term sequence in macroeconomics.  Topics include classical and Keynesian theories of cyclical fluctuations; the determination of employment and real wages; credit markets and financial stability; and stabilization policy.
1388	ECO	514	S07-08		Game Theory	This course will provide a broad treatment of game theory and its applications, particularly in economics.  Coverage will include such topics as: common knowledge and rationality, refinements of Nash equilibrium, auctions, bargaining, mechanism design, dynamic games, and reputation.  This follows up on the introduction to game theory provided in the microeconomic sequence.
1389	ECO	518	S07-08		Econometric Theory II	This course begins with extensions of the linear model in several directions: (1) pre-determined but not exogenous regressors; (2) heteroskedasticity and serial correlation; (3) classical GLS; (4) instrumental variables and generalized method of movements estimators. Applications include simultaneous equation models, VARS and panel data.  Estimation and inference in non-linear models are discussed. Applications include nonlinear least squares, discrete dependent variables (probit, logit, etc.), problems of censoring, truncation and sample selection, and models for duration data.
1390	ECO	519	S07-08		Advanced Econometrics: Nonlinear Models	This is half of the second-year sequence in econometrics methodology (Econ. 513 is the other).  The course covers nonlinear statistical models for the analysis of cross-sectional and panel data.  It is intended both for students specializing in econometric theory and for students interested in applying statistical methods to statistical data.  Approximately half of the course is devoted to development of the large-sample theory for nonlinear estimation procedures, while the other half concentrates on application of the methods to various econometric models.
1391	ECO	522	S07-08		Advanced Macroeconomic Theory II	Part 1:  macro implications of microeconomic imperfections such as incomplete contracts, (e.g., "holdup" problems) or the lack of insurance markets.  The "cleansing" effect of recessions and the impact of allocative verus aggregate shocks.  Recent models of consumption and empirical tests of risk-sharing. Part 2: how the distribution of income or wealth affects aggregate growth and fluctuations.  Role of imperfect credit markets, distributional conflict and political economy.
1392	ECO	524	S07-08		Public Finance II	This course examines the economics of the public sector, with a focus on externalities, transfer programs, social insurance, and publicly provided goods.  Special attention is given to study of research designs and econometric methods used in applied analysis.
1393	ECO	526	S07-08		Financial Economics II	Review of probability and stochastic processes, stochastic integrals, reduction to martingale gains from trade, change of variable (Ito's lemma, local time, generalized Ito's formula, Girsanov's theorem), stochastic differential equations, the Black-Scholes model, the term-structure of interest rates, equilibrium assest pricing, an introduction to the optimal control of diffusions and some applications.
1394	ECO	532	S07-08		Topics in Labor Economics	The course surveys both the theoretical literature and the relevant empirical methods and results in selected current research topics in labor economics.
1395	ECO	541	S07-08		Industrial Organization and Public Policy	Methods for empirical and theoretical analysis of markets composed of productive enterprises and their customers are studied. Analyses are applied to modern market structures and practices, and public policy towards them. Topics include the roles of technology and information, the structure of firms, modes of interfirm competition, determination of price, quality, and R & D investment, and criteria for government intervention.
1396	ECO	552	S07-08		International Trade II	A continuation of Economics 551, with emphasis on current research issues. Topics vary from year to year.
1397	ECO	554	S07-08		International Monetary Theory and Policy II	Advanced topics in monetary economics, with an emphasis on open economies.  Money demand and currency substitution; price-level and exchange-rate determination under alternative monetary policy rules; real effects of monetary disturbances; exchange-rate policy and macroeconomic stability; welfare consequences of inflation and exchange-rate stabilization; advantages and disadvantages of monetary union.
1398	ECO	563	S07-08		Economic Development II	Selected topics in the economic analysis of development beyond those covered in 562.  Topics are selected from the theory and measurement of poverty and inequality; the relationship between growth and poverty; health and education in economic development; saving, growth, population, and development; commodity prices in economic development.  Prerequisite: 562.
1399	ECO	572	S07-08		Research Methods in Demography	Source materials used in the study of population; standard procedures for the measurement of fertility, mortality, natural increase, migration, and nuptiality; and uses of model life tables and stable population analysis and other techniques of estimation when faced with inaccurate or incomplete data are studied.  Prerequisite: 571 or instructor's permission.
1400	ECO	575	S07-08		Topics in Financial Economics	The course surveys both the theoretical and empirical methods and results in selected research topics in financial economics.  Topics vary from year to year reflecting current developments and the instructor's interests.
1401	ECO	581A	S07-08		Microeconomics Theory Workshop	Drafts of papers, articles, and chapters of dissertations or books, prepared by graduate students, faculty members, or visiting scholars, are exposed to critical analysis by a series of seminars organized by field.  The chief objectives are for the writers to receive the benefit of critical suggestions, for all participants to gain experience in criticism and uninhibited oral discussion, and for students and faculty members to become acquainted with the research work going on in the department.  Third- and fourth-year graduate students are expected to attend; first-and second-year students and faculty members are invited to attend.
1402	ECO	581C	S07-08		Macroeconomics/International Finance Workshop	Drafts of papers, articles, and chapters of dissertations or books, prepared by graduate students, faculty members, or visiting scholars, are exposed to critical analysis by a series of seminars organized by field.  The chief objectives are for the writers to receive the benefit of critical suggestions, for all participants to gain experience in criticism and uninhibited oral discussion, and for students and faculty members to become acquainted with the research work going on in the department.  Third- and fourth-year graduate students are expected to attend; first-and second-year students and faculty members are invited to attend.
1403	ECO	581D	S07-08		Labor Economics/Industrial Relations Seminar	Drafts of papers, articles, and chapters of dissertations or books, prepared by graduate students, faculty members, or visiting scholars, are exposed to critical analysis by a series of seminars organized by field.  The chief objectives are for the writers to receive the benefit of critical suggestions, for all participants to gain experience in criticism and uninhibited oral discussion, and for students and faculty members to become acquainted with the research work going on in the department.  Third- and fourth-year graduate students are expected to attend; first-and second-year students and faculty members are invited to attend.
1404	ECO	581E	S07-08		Research Program in Development Studies	Drafts of papers, articles, and chapters of dissertations or books, prepared by graduate students, faculty members, or visiting scholars, are exposed to critical analysis by a series of seminars organized by field.  The chief objectives are for the writers to receive the benefit of critical suggestions, for all participants to gain experience in criticism and uninhibited oral discussion, and for students and faculty members to become acquainted with the research work going on in the department.  Third- and fourth-year graduate students are expected to attend; first-and second-year students and faculty members are invited to attend.
1405	ECO	581F	S07-08		Trade Workshop	Drafts of papers, articles, and chapters of dissertations or books, prepared by graduate students, faculty members, or visiting scholars, are exposed to critical analysis by a series of seminars organized by field.  The chief objectives are for the writers to receive the benefit of critical suggestions, for all participants to gain experience in criticism and uninhibited oral discussion, and for students and faculty members to become acquainted with the research work going on in the department.  Third- and fourth-year graduate students are expected to attend; first-and second-year students and faculty members are invited to attend.
1406	ECO	581G	S07-08		Econometric Research Seminar	Drafts of papers, articles, and chapters of dissertations or books, prepared by graduate students, faculty members, or visiting scholars, are exposed to critical analysis by a series of seminars organized by field.  The chief objectives are for the writers to receive the benefit of critical suggestions, for all participants to gain experience in criticism and uninhibited oral discussion, and for students and faculty members to become acquainted with the research work going on in the department.  Third- and fourth-year graduate students are expected to attend; first-and second-year students and faculty members are invited to attend.
1407	ECO	581H	S07-08		Civitas Foundation Finance Seminar	Drafts of papers, articles, and chapters of dissertations or books, prepared by graduate students, faculty members, or visiting scholars, are exposed to critical analysis by a series of seminars organized by field.  The chief objectives are for the writers to receive the benefit of critical suggestions, for all participants to gain experience in criticism and uninhibited oral discussion, and for students and faculty members to become acquainted with the research work going on in the department.  Third- and fourth-year graduate students are expected to attend; first-and second-year students and faculty members are invited to attend.
1408	ECO	581I	S07-08		O.P.R. Seminars	Drafts of papers, articles, and chapters of dissertations or books, prepared by graduate students, faculty members, or visiting scholars, are exposed to critical analysis by a series of seminars organized by field.  The chief objectives are for the writers to receive the benefit of critical suggestions, for all participants to gain experience in criticism and uninhibited oral discussion, and for students and faculty members to become acquainted with the research work going on in the department.  Third- and fourth-year graduate students are expected to attend; first-and second-year students and faculty members are invited to attend.
1409	ECO	581J	S07-08		Behavioral Economics Workshop	Seminar led by different guest professors each week to discuss their current research in the field of Behavioral Economics
1410	ECO	581K	S07-08		Political Economy Workshop	Seminar led by different guest professors each week to discuss their current research in the field of Political Economy. Third and fourth year graduate students are expected to attend; first and second year graduate students and faculty members are invited to attend.
1411	ECS	209	S07-08	LA	Cultural Interpretation	The goal of this course is to introduce students to the foundations of political rhetoric and to study the rhetorical structure of classical works in political theory and political speeches.
1412	ECS	320	S07-08	LA	Cultural Systems: Sex, Lies, and the Renaissance	"The past is a foreign land," or so historians often observe. Yet powerful human emotions (lust, grief, rage,) often seem timeless, however much their meanings and objects change from one era to the next. This course explores the passions of the Italian Renaissance (c.1400-1630). We will meet men and women from a variety of backgrounds: the very learned, the uneducated, and even the certifiably insane. How did it feel to live in an era still considered by many to be "the cradle of modernity"? Seeking to answer this question, we will compare the desires of different social groups and their strategies for getting what they wanted.
1413	EEB	301	S07-08	STX	Evolution and the Behavior of the Sexes	This course will use principles of evolutionary biology and behavioral ecology  to examine reproductive strategies and their effect on social systems. We will draw examples from group-living mammals, particularly nonhuman primates, and from human populations. Topics will include mate selection, parenting, ontogeny of sex differences, sexual diversity, social bonds and cooperation, and intersexual conflict and aggression.  An optional precept will be offered.
1414	EEB	314	S07-08		Comparative Physiology	This course explores the mechanisms of animal function in the contexts of evolution, ecology and behavior. We will cover the physiological bases of osmoregulation, circulation, gas exchange, digestion, energetics, motility, and neural and hormonal control of these and other processes in a variety of vertebrate and invertebrate animals, thereby revealing general principles of animal physiology as well as specific physiological adaptations to differing environments.
1415	EEB	320	S07-08		Molecular Evolutionary Genetics	How and where did life evolve?  On Earth or Mars or elsewhere?  This course will discuss the evolution of the molecules that sustain life (DNA, RNA and proteins) at both the micro and macroevolutionary levels. We will explore the role of these molecules in the origin and continued evolution of life. Topics inlcude the origin of eukaryotes and organelles, the evolution of development, comparative genomics, molecular population genetics, quantitative genetics and human evolution. Two 90-minute lectures, one preceptorial.
1416	EEB	324	S07-08	QR	Theoretical Ecology	Current and classical theoretical issues in ecology and evolutionary biology.  Emphasis will be on theories and concepts and on mathematical approaches. Topics will include population and community ecology, immunology and epidemiology, population genetics and evolutionary theory.
1417	EEB	328	S07-08		Ecology and Epidemiology of Parasites and Infectious Diseases	An introduction to the biology of viruses, bacteria, fungi, protozoa, worms, arthropods, and plants that are parasitic upon other animal and plant species. The major emphasis will be on the parasites of animals and plants, with further study of the epidemiology of infectious diseases in human populations. Studies of AIDS, anthrax, and worms, and their role in human history will be complemented by ecological and evolutionary studies of mistletoe, measles, myxomatosis, and communities of parasitic helminths. Two lectures, one preceptorial.
1418	EEB	332	S07-08	SA	Pre-Columbian Peoples of Tropical America and Their Environments	The pre-European history of Amerind cultures amd their associated environments in the New World tropics will be studied. Topics to be covered include the people of tropical America; development of hunting/gathering and agricultural economies; neotropical climate and vegetation history; and the art, symbolism, and social organization of native Americans. Field and laboratory experiences will incorporate methods and problems in field archaeology, paleoenthnobotany and paleoecology, and archaeozoology. Limited to juniors in the Tropical Ecology Program in Panama. Prerequisites: 210 or 211, and 321.
1419	EEB	338	S07-08	ST	Tropical Biology	"Tropical Biology" is an intensive, three-week field course given at four sites in Panama, examining the origins, maintenance and major interactions among terrestrial plants and animals. The course provides the opportunity to appreciate (1) floral and faunal turnover among four rainforest sites (beta-diversity); and (2) floral and faunal turnover along vertical gradients, from ground to upper canopy, at two rainforest sites (vertical stratification). Students carry out group and individual projects at the sites. Fieldwork is supported by six orientation walks that introduce participants to common orders and families of plants and arthropods.
1420	EEB	346	S07-08	ST	Biology of Coral Reefs	This field and lecture course provides an in-depth introduction to the biology of tropical coral reefs, with an emphasis on reef fish ecology and behavior. Each day begins with a lecture, followed by six to eight hours on the water, and ends with data analysis, reading and a discussion of recent papers. Students learn to identify fishes, corals and invertebrates, and learn a variety of field methods including underwater censusing, mapping, videotaping and the recording of inter-individual interactions. Each year group projects will vary depending on previous findings and the interests of the faculty.
1421	EEB	350	S07-08		Vertebrate Tropical Ecology	This field course will address the life history characteristics of tropical vertebrates and the physiological traits that underlie those. Students will learn how tropical life histories differ from those in the temperate zone and will use eco-physiological techniques while conducting experiments and observations at a Smithsonian Institute field station. In particular, students will trap wild vertebrates, conduct baseline behavioral and physiological measurements, attach radio transmitters to individuals and monitor them over time in the forest. Students will then analyze the data and write a scientific manuscript.
1422	EEB	352	S07-08	ST	Restoration Ecology	Open cast mining causes severe environmental damage, and regulating this process is difficult, especially in developing countries. Students will study the role of corporate responsibility in managing mining to achieve economic, environmental, and social sustainability. The course will highlight principles of ecological rehabilitation for restoring ecological functions while enhancing economic value. Topics include: biological and environmental controls of vegetation; community composition and succession; and restoration of ecological functions, biological diversity and ecosystems. Students will gain an in-depth view of the economies involved.
1423	EEB	404	S07-08	ST	Natural History of Mammals	Introduction to concepts, methods, and material of comparative natural history, with African mammals as focal organisms. Perspectives include morphology, identification, evolution, ecology, behavior and conservation. Observations and experiments on a variety of species in different habitats and at a range of scales will provide insights into the adaptive value and underlying mechanistic function of mammalian adaptations.  This course will be taught in Kenya at the Mpala Research Centre.
1424	EEB	505	S07-08		Seminar in Professional Topics	Being a professional scientist in ecology and evolutionary biology requires talents in a variety of spheres that cut across traditional disciplines and subjects.  The first six weeks of this seminar will focus on fellowships and research grants.  Topics during the remainder of the term will include choosing an advisor and conducting thesis research, ethical issues in EEB science, publishing-technical and general, presenting a seminar or public lecture, life after graduate school.
1425	EEB	521	S07-08		Tropical Ecology	Intensive three week field course during December/January in a suitable tropical locality.  Readings, discussions, and individual projects. The content and location are varied to suit the needs of the participants.  Students provide their own travel funds.
1426	EEB	522	S07-08		Colloquium on the Biology of Populations	Discussion of the central problems of population biology and approaches that have proved fruitful.  Topics ranging throughout ecology, evolution, biogeography, and population genetics are usually related to presentations by visiting speakers and students.  (This is a core course.)
1427	EGR	193	S07-08	ST	An Integrated Introduction to Engineering, Mathematics, Physics	Taken concurrently with EGR/MAT/PHY 194. These two courses will address the material of PHY 104 and offer an introduction to the various disciplines of engineering. The physics part of the course covers the basic laws of electricity, magnetism, and optics, from Coulomb's law to Maxwell's equations and the prediction of electromagnetic waves. The course concludes with an introduction of quantum theory with a treatment of matter waves, quantization, and  the Schroedinger equation. Students who were enrolled in both EGR/MAT/PHY 191 and 192 concurrently in the fall semester will continue in the spring in both EGR/MAT/PHY 193 and 194.
1428	EGR	194	S07-08	ST	An Integrated Introduction to Engineering, Mathematics and Physics	This course offers an introduction to the various disciplines of engineering. It is a  project-based sequence (Energy Conversion and the Environment, Robotic Remote Sensing, and Wireless Image & Video Transmission) that covers engineering disciplines and their relationship to the principles of physics and mathematics.  Students who were enrolled in both EGR/MAT/PHY 191 and 192 concurrently in the fall semester will continue in the spring in both EGR/MAT/PHY 193 and 194. This course is also open to all other BSE freshmen.
1429	EGR	250	S07-08		Engineering Projects in Community Service (EPICS): Non-credit	In the Engineering Projects in Community Service (EPICS) program, students earn academic credit for their participation in multidisciplinary design teams that solve technology-based problems for local not-for-profit organizations. The teams are: multidisciplinary--drawing students from across engineering and around the university; vertically-integrated--maintaining a mix of sophomores through seniors each semester; and long-term--each student may participate in a project for up to six semesters. The continuity, technical depth, and disciplinary breadth of these teams enable delivery of projects of significant benefit to the community.
1430	EGR	251	S07-08		Engineering Projects in Community Service (EPICS)	In the Engineering Projects in Community Service (EPICS) program, students earn academic credit for their participation in multidisciplinary design teams that solve technology-based problems for local not-for-profit organizations. The teams are: multidisciplinary--drawing students from across engineering and around the university; vertically-integrated--maintaining a mix of sophomores through seniors each semester; and long-term--each student may participate in a project for up to six semesters. The continuity, technical depth, and disciplinary breadth of these teams enable delivery of projects of significant benefit to the community.
1431	EGR	350	S07-08		Engineering Projects in Community Service (EPICS): Non-credit	In the Engineering Projects in Community Service (EPICS) program, students earn academic credit for their participation in multidisciplinary design teams that solve technology-based problems for local not-for-profit organizations. The teams are: multidisciplinary--drawing students from across engineering and around the university; vertically-integrated--maintaining a mix of sophomores through seniors each semester; and long-term--each student may participate in a project for up to six semesters. The continuity, technical depth, and disciplinary breadth of these teams enable delivery of projects of significant benefit to the community.
1432	EGR	351	S07-08		Engineering Projects in Community Service (EPICS)	In the Engineering Projects in Community Service (EPICS) program, students earn academic credit for their participation in multidisciplinary design teams that solve technology-based problems for local not-for-profit organizations. The teams are: multidisciplinary--drawing students from across engineering and around the university; vertically-integrated--maintaining a mix of sophomores through seniors each semester; and long-term--each student may participate in a project for up to six semesters. The continuity, technical depth, and disciplinary breadth of these teams enable delivery of projects of significant benefit to the community.
1433	EGR	450	S07-08		Engineering Projects in Community Service (EPICS): Non-credit	In the Engineering Projects in Community Service (EPICS) program, students earn academic credit for their participation in multidisciplinary design teams that solve technology-based problems for local not-for-profit organizations. The teams are: multidisciplinary--drawing students from across engineering and around the university; vertically-integrated--maintaining a mix of sophomores through seniors each semester; and long-term--each student may participate in a project for up to six semesters. The continuity, technical depth, and disciplinary breadth of these teams enable delivery of projects of significant benefit to the community.
1434	EGR	451	S07-08		Engineering Projects in Community Service (EPICS)	In the Engineering Projects in Community Service (EPICS) program, students earn academic credit for their participation in multidisciplinary design teams that solve technology-based problems for local not-for-profit organizations. The teams are: multidisciplinary--drawing students from across engineering and around the university; vertically-integrated--maintaining a mix of sophomores through seniors each semester; and long-term--each student may participate in a project for up to six semesters. The continuity, technical depth, and disciplinary breadth of these teams enable delivery of projects of significant benefit to the community.
1435	EGR	493	S07-08		Managing High Growth Entrepreneurial Ventures	This course focuses on the management of growth in entrepreneurial settings, both in smaller growing companies and larger corporations. In addition to developing analytical skills through case method readings and discussions, students also participate in a sophisticated multi-week simulation exercise in which student teams compete to build high-growth companies in a competitive, rapidly changing environment. The course will be useful to both engineering and non-engineering students who have interests in growing their own entrepreneurial companies and/or using entrepreneurial tools and concepts to manage the growth of existing companies.
1436	ELE	102	S07-08	ST	New Eyes for the World: Hands-On Optical Engineering	This hands-on lab course introduces students to several modern topics of engineering optics. Teams of students will choose and carry out four different projects: (i) holography, (ii) lasers (iii) free-space optical communication, and/or (iv) nanotechnology. The course teaches the foundations and broader societal issues of these technologies. The laboratory sessions involve hands-on instructional training, as well as individual experimentation and exploration. Skills acquired in this course include computer programming of user interfaces, data acquisition and interpretation, wet chemical processing, and electronics design assembly.
1437	ELE	206	S07-08	ST	Introduction to Logic Design	Introduction to basic concepts in logic design.  Digital logic gates, two and multi-level combinational logic.  Memory elements-latches, flip-flops, SRAM and DRAM cells.  Timing methodologies.  Synchronous and asynchronous designs.  Counters.  Finite state machines. Programmable logic.  Basic computer organization.
1438	ELE	208	S07-08	ST	Integrated Circuits: Practice and Principles	This course will examine what is inside a microchip, how it works, and how it is made, with a goal to establish the relationship between chip fabrication capability and the fundamental performance parameters of digital and analog electronic systems. Operating principles of semiconductor devices and their function in circuit applications such as digital gates and analog amplifiers. Devices to include p-n junction diodes, metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) field-effect transistors (MOSFET's) and optoelectronic devices. (continued see other information)
1439	ELE	302	S07-08		System Design and Analysis	Comprehensive, laboratory-based course in electronic system design and analysis.  Covers formal methods for the design and analysis of moderately complex real-world electronic systems.  Course is centered around a semester-long design project involving a computer-controlled vehicle designed and constructed by teams of two students. Integrates microprocessors, communications, and control.
1440	ELE	342	S07-08		Physical Principles of Electronic Devices	This course is designed to provide an understanding of the basic principles that govern the operation of modern solid state and optoelectronic devices. The emphasis is on fundamentals rather than applications. The major portion of the course will be devoted to quantum mechanics and statistical physics with examples from solid state and materials physics and quantum electronics.  This provides the basic background needed to understand the physics of device operations and also prepares the student for more advanced courses in solid state and quantum electronics (such as ELE 441, 442 and 453).
1441	ELE	352	S07-08		Physical Optics	Fundamental and practical aspects of physical optics. Lenses and ray optics, wave propagation, Fourier optics and Gaussian beams are covered. Applications to imaging, holography, and fiber optics are considered.
1442	ELE	386	S07-08	STX	Cyber Security	This course surveys the technology underlying secure transactions and safe interactions in a public Internet and wireless world. Topics include cyber security needs such as confidentiality, integrity, availability, access control, authorization, authentication, non-repudiation, trust, privacy and anonymity. Case studies are selected from e-commerce, denial of service attacks, viruses and worms, spam, e-voting, digital rights management, and cyber-terrorism. Related policy, social and economic issues are also discussed.
1443	ELE	391	S07-08		The Wireless Revolution:  Telecommunications for the 21st Century	This is an interdisciplinary course addressing technological, regulatory, economic and social issues arising in the rapidly developing field of wireless communications and computing.  The course is intended to introduce students to a major technological trend that will be a significant force in worldwide commercial and social development throughout the 21st Century.
1444	ELE	396	S07-08		Introduction to Quantum Computing	This course will introduce the matrix form of quantum mechanics and discuss the concepts underlying the theory of quantum information. Some of the important algorithms will be discussed, as well as physical systems which have been suggested for quantum computing.
1445	ELE	398	S07-08		Junior Independent Work	Provides an opportunity for a student to concentrate on a "state-of-the-art" project in electrical engineering. Topics may be selected from suggestions by faculty members or proposed by the student.  The final choice must be approved by the faculty member.
1446	ELE	401	S07-08		Analog Electronics	Operational Amplifiers, Feedback and stability of amplifiers, amplifier chains oscillators; DC, AC, and high frequency models of transistors; differential amplifiers; noise and interference, computer aided modeling (circuit maker) and PC board layout.  Prerequisites: 203 and 208 or equivalent: 301 recommended or concurrent.
1447	ELE	442	S07-08		Solid-State Physics II	Electronic structure of solids.  Electron dynamics and transport. Semiconductors and impurity states.  Surfaces. Dielectric properties of insulators.  Electron-electron, electron-phonon, and phonon-phonon interactions.  Anharmonic effects in crystals. Magnetism. Superconductivity.
1448	ELE	454	S07-08		Photonics and Light Wave Communications	Introduction to fiber optic communication systems.  Optical transmitters and receivers.  System design and performance.  Multi-channel lightwave systems.  Optical amplifiers.  Dispersion compensation.
1449	ELE	482	S07-08		Digital Signal Processing	The lectures will cover:  (1) Basic principles of digital signal processing.  (2) Design of digital filters.  (3) Fourier analysis and the fast Fourier transform.  (4) Roundoff errors in digital signal processing.  (5) Applications of digital signal processing.
1450	ELE	486	S07-08		Digital Communications and Networks	Historical overview of digital communications. Introductory information theory. Data compression. Error detection and correction code. Baseband transmission systems and optimum reception. Digital modulation and demodulation.
1451	ELE	491	S07-08		High-Tech Entrepreneurship	This "hands-on" practical course introduces students to the analysis and actions required to launch a successful high tech company.  Using several conceptual frameworks and analytical techniques, it addresses the challenges of evaluating technologies for commercial feasibility, determining how best to launch a new venture, attracting the resources needed to start a company (e.g. people, corporate partners, and venture capital), preparing comprehensive business plans, structuring business relationships, and managing early stage companies toward "launch velocity" and sustainable growth.
1452	ELE	498	S07-08		Senior Independent Work	Provides an opportunity for a student to concentrate on a "state-of-the-art" project in electrical engineering. A student may propose a topic and find a faculty member willing to supervise the work.  Or the student may select a topic from lists of projects obtained from faculty and off-campus industrial researchers,subject to the consent of the faculty advisor.
1453	ELE	514	S07-08		Extramural Research Internship	Full-time research internship at a host institution, to perform scholarly research relevant to student's dissertation work.  Research objectives will be determined by advisor in conjunction with outside host.  A mid-semester progress review and a final paper are required.  Enrollment limited to post-generals students for up to two semesters.  Special rules apply to international students regarding CPT/OPT use. Students may register by application only.
1454	ELE	519	S07-08		Seminar in Information Sciences and Systems	This is a forum of graduate students, staff, and distinguished outside speakers presenting their recent research in signal processing, communication and information theory, decision and control, and systems theory.  Attendance by ISS students is required.
1455	ELE	523	S07-08		Nonlinear System Theory	This course covers topics in nonlinear dynamical systems including qualitative behavior, Lyapunov stability, input-output stability, passivity, averaging and singular perturbations.
1456	ELE	530	S07-08		Theory of Detection and Estimation	The subject of signal detection and estimation is concerned with the processing of information-bearing signals for the purpose of making inferences about the information that they contain.  The purpose of this course is to provide an introduction to the fundamental theoretical principles underlying the development and analysis of techniques for such processing.  The level of this course is suitable for research students in communications, control, signal processing, and related areas.
1457	ELE	539A	S07-08		Special Topics in Informations Sciences and Systems: Optimization of Communication Systems	Study how problems in point-to-point and networked communication systems can be formulated and solved as optimization, covering both classic results and current research.  Introduce the methodologies of linear program, convex optimization, Lagrange duality, and study their theoretical properties and computational algorithms.  Sample application topics: information-theoretic and queuing-theoretic problems, coding and equalization, antenna beamforming, network resource allocation and utility maximization, theory of network architecture, wireless network power control, Medium Access Control schemes, IP routing, TCP congestion control.
1458	ELE	539B	S07-08		Special Topics in Information Sciences and Systems: Algebraic Coding Theory	A broad introduction to the mathematics of coding theory and its applications in electrical engineering and computer science.  Topics will include algebraic error correcting codes such as Reed-Solomon codes and applications to data storage; block and convolutional codes and their applications in wireline and wireless communication; fountain codes for content distribution; quantum error correction and quantum computing; and waveform design for radar and remote sensing.
1459	ELE	541	S07-08		Electronic Materials	Science and technology of the materials used in electronics.  A new group of materials, processes and application is emphasized each year.  Recent topics have included amorphous and polycrystalline silicon, thin film processes and vacuum techniques, materials for displays, and defects in semiconductors.  The Spring 2008 course will cover the book by Kamins on Polycrystalline Silicon and related reading materials.
1460	ELE	563	S07-08		Electronic Design Automation	Case studies in electronic design automation.  Focus on fundamental techniques with applications in multiple problems.  Current topics include two-level logic minimization, Boolean function representation and manipulation, technology mapping for logic circuits, floorplanning, cell placement and routing, timing verification, behavioral synthesis.  Work includes research paper presentations, assignments and a final project.
1461	ELE	577	S07-08		Low Power IC and System Design	Sources of power consumption; simulation power analysis, probabilistic power analysis; circuit and logic level power optimization; power analysis and optimization at the register-transfer, behavior and system levels; power management; software power estimation and optimization; hardware-software co-synthesis for low power.
1462	ELE	580	S07-08		Advanced Topics in Computer Engineering: Interconnection Networks	This course will introduce students to the design of interconnection networks, networks that connect components within a system. The course will explore design case studies of different interconnection networks, ranging from on-chip networks to telephone switching networks, Internet router backplane networks etc. The course will start off with basics of interconnection network architecture, looking into topologies, routing, flow control, microarchitecture and network interface in turn, before applying these concepts in understanding the design of each case   study system.
1463	ELE	583	S07-08		Great Moments in Computing	This course will cover some pivotal developments in computing, including hardware, software, and theory.  Material will be covered by reading seminal papers, patents, and descriptions of highly-influential architectures.  Emphasis on deep understanding of the discoveries and inventions that brought computer systems to where they are today.  Discussion-oriented class will focus on in-depth analysis of readings.  Final project or paper required.  Graduate  students and advanced undergraduates from ELE, COS, and related fields welcome.
1464	ELE	591	S07-08		High Tech Entrepreneurship	This "hands-on" practical course introduces students to the analysis and actions required to launch a successful high tech company.  Using several conceptual frameworks and analytical techniques, it addresses the challenges of evaluating technologies for commercial feasibility, determining how best to launch a new venture, attracting the resources needed to start a company (e.g. people, corporate partners, and venture capital), preparing comprehensive business plans, structuring business relationships, and managing early stage companies toward "launch velocity" and sustainable growth.
1465	ELE	598	S07-08		Electrical Engineering Master's Project	Spring course number to be used by Master of Engineering students who will be doing a project in lieu of a course.
1466	ENG	200	S07-08	LA	Reading Literature:  Poetry	An introduction to the art, science and pleasure of poetry in English, with examples ranging from limericks to sestinas to free verse, from Shakespeare to Dr. Seuss, from the Middle Ages to last Tuesday.
1467	ENG	205	S07-08	LA	Introduction to English Literature: From the 14th to the 18th Century	An introduction to English literary history, centered on four great writers, Chaucer, Spenser, Milton, and Pope.  Each was a deep student of his predecessors; for the next three hundred years, almost every ambitious writer in the language had read them all.  We will study their major works, the lines of influence among them, and their legacies to modernity.
1468	ENG	206	S07-08	LA	Public Speaking	English 206 aims to develop public speaking skills, along with a complex understanding of what it means to speak.  The course will look at some of the key ways in which voice and speech making have been imagined and theorized in literature, film, philosophy and science.  At the same time, English 206 will draw on acting exercises and techniques in order to help students gain effective oral presentation skills.  The culmination of the course will be a public talk.
1469	ENG	304	S07-08	LA	Medieval English Literature in Modern Versions	Among the most compelling medieval narratives are the stories of Arthur and his knights, which generate new forms and fantasies to this day.  We will query the morphology of the best of these Arthurian texts, scrutinizing the ways in which changing notions of Britain are worked out at the Round Table.  The quest will be our emphasis, as it is transformed by factors like imperial politics, the socially and spiritually important idea of pilgrimage, and the literary values of character development.  For whom and for what does a knight quest?  Is the quest the making of the knight, or his undoing?
1470	ENG	307	S07-08	LA	Chaucer	Chaucer's Canterbury Tales is the most experimental, generically diverse poem in the history of English literature. At a time when the English language had unmatched plasticity and expressive force, Chaucer chose to write in many genres: classical romance, bedroom farce, Ovidian metamorphosis, saint's life, anti-feminist fabel, feminist fairytale, poetic manifesto and prose treatise on the Seven Deadly Sins. Chaucer also wrote a poetry designed to be read aloud and appreciated in group settings. In this class we will devote considerable time to reading Chaucer aloud, mindful that each new reading is an act of interpretation.
1471	ENG	311	S07-08	LA	Shakespeare II	We read a selection of Shakespeare's greatest plays, from early to late in his career, and in each genre: comedy, history, and tragedy.  We'll think about the plays as scripts for the stage (or even film) as well as texts for reading.  We'll consider such topics as the nature of Shakespearean subjectivity; erotic politics; time as destroyer and time as redeemer; Shakespearean poetics; Shakespeare in his time and in ours.
1472	ENG	312	S07-08	LA	Spenser and the Epic Romance	A study of Spenser's lurid, preacherly, confounding masterpiece [The Faerie Queene], with attention to its sources in Christian and classical traditions.
1473	ENG	331	S07-08	LA	19th-Century Fiction	This course will acquaint students with the distinctive features of the nineteenth century novel, from Austen to Hardy.  Lectures will seek to illuminate relations between social and aesthetic dimensions of the texts we read.  We will consider how these fictional imaginings of things like love, sex, money, class, and race help to shape the ways we live now.
1474	ENG	336	S07-08	LA	The South in American Literature and Culture	What is it that we talk about when we talk about  the "South"?  Sin in a nation of innocence; poverty in a land of plenty; race in a color-blind society?  Chivalry and sexual deviance; strong family ties and incest; authentic folk culture and social retardation?  This imaginative realm of trouble and paradox, so central to modern and postmodern American identity, has been the subject of some of the most breathtaking literary experimentation of the 20th century.  We'll survey a range of extraordinary fiction, using images, film, and music in order to think about the literature of the South as part of a broader popular culture field.
1475	ENG	347	S07-08	LA	Topics in Drama: The Curious Aesthetics of Musical Theatre	This course will look at the phenomenon of musical theatre, focusing on the American   post-WW II.  We will pay particular attention to the musical's efforts to integrate song, dance, and dramatic action seamlessly, asking, among other questions:  how do musicals work on audiences?  What about the audience's experience and the form of musical theatre make it so enduringly popular?  We will take into account recent developments in opera, feminist, film, queer, and performance theory.
1476	ENG	351	S07-08	LA	Contemporary Fiction	An exploration of the connections and disconnects of our ever-smaller world, viewed through English-language novels and films of the last 25 years.  We'll examine the translatability of language and culture, the processes of immigration, the dynamics of technological development.  We'll scrutinize the roles of history and memory, and the constructions of heroism and celebrity, in societies of rapid change.  Throughout, we'll consider the intersections between state policy and individual lives, such that while the course is premised on grand geopolitical questions, our attention will focus on localized examples: specific texts, close reading.
1477	ENG	362	S07-08	LA	American Literature: 1865-1930	A study of the development of American literature within the context of the shifting social, intellectual, and literary conventions of the period. Emphasis will be on the artistic achievement of writers such as James, Howells, Twain, Dreiser, Crane, Wharton, Cather, and Faulkner.
1478	ENG	364	S07-08	LA	Modern American Poetry	An intensive study of five major American modernists who, for the most part, stayed at home:  Robert Frost, Marianne Moore, Wallace Stevens, William Carlos Williams, and Gwendolyn Brooks.  Thinking about the path of American modernism, we'll begin by reading the poets' ancestors Emily Dickinson and Walt Whitman, and then study their entire work in relation to international modernist trends, drawing comparisons to the "exiled" modernists, Pound, Eliot, H.D., Stein, and others.
1479	ENG	369	S07-08	LA	American Women Writers	A survey of the two literary genres 20th Century American women writers have influenced the most: fiction and poetry. In the fiction section of the course we move from a turn of the century Southern novelist, Kate Chopin, to a contemporary Nobel prize winner, Toni Morrison, and in the poetry section from one of literature's most anthologized modernist poets, H. D., to America's former poet laureate, Rita Dove.
1480	ENG	371	S07-08	LA	Contemporary Literary Theory	Survey of central debates in cultural and literary studies focusing on texts in contemporary theory that formulate an understanding of the self.  Course follows shifts between structuralism, poststructuralism, psychoanalysis, and marxism.  As we begin to disentangle the meanings of what we mean when we say "I", we will inevitably analyze the relationships between subject and subjection, ideology and power, language and authorship, theory and politics.  We will ground our analyses within particular literary, visual, and theoretical works, learning how to read cultural production as theory, rather than "applying" theory to selected texts.
1481	ENG	375	S07-08	LA	Topics in Comedy and Satire: African American Satire	This course offers a study of major and influential literary and cultural texts in the tradition of Afro-American satire. We will examine major historical themes, cultural tropes, and landmark texts that have informed the genre, and it will trace the evolution of the form in relation to critical aesthetic movements and historical periods from the 19th c. to the present day. Special emphasis will be placed on the post-Civil Rights black satire phenomenon in novels, films, sketch comedy programs, visual art, political cartoons, theatre, and popular music culture.
1482	ENG	383	S07-08	LA	Topics in Literature and Nationality: Magical States	What is magical realism, and why has it come to define a trend in contemporary postcolonial literature? Focusing on the relationship between states and their subjects, this course aims to explore the mysterious process by which nation-states come to represent the people. In modern literature this concern is often explored by postcolonial writers, film-makers, and artists, who turn to magical realism to represent the relation between people and the state. We will assume a global perspective and our texts will be drawn from literature as well as visual culture, literary studies as well as anthropological essays on magic.
1483	ENG	387	S07-08	LA	Topics in Black Literature: Race and Writing	In The Souls of Black Folk (1903), W. E. B. Du Bois wrote that "the problem of the Twentieth Century is the problem of the color line." In this course, we will explore the relationship between the idea of race, forms of literary expression, and the contradictions of racial identity in the works of a diverse group of black writers. What is race and how does it inform the creative imagination? What role does literature play in exploring questions of racial identity and the struggle for social justice? How do writers challenge racial categories and perceptions? How is race understood by black writers outside the United States?
1484	ENG	388	S07-08	LA	Race, Sex, and the Marriage Plot in American Film Comedies	This course examines how comedy in American cinema has been enlisted to stage race, sexuality, and their conjunctions in twentieth-century America.  Taking the marriage plot as the communal narrative through which sexual, racial, and national tensions negotiate their conflicts, this course analyzes films made by, and sometimes about, Jewish Americans, African Americans, and Asian Americans, as well as movies from mainstream Hollywood that do not, on first sight, seem to thematize race but in fact are struggling with the racial and sexual troubles haunting the formation of the nation.
1485	ENG	401	S07-08	LA	Forms of Literature: Medieval Irish and Welsh Literature	This course surveys early Celtic texts, placing these works of imagination and history within their cultural and material contexts.  We'll read selections from the mythic, heroic, and historical prose cycles of Irish literature, meeting Cuchulainn and frenzied Suibhne.  Welsh poetry offers the bard Taliesin, the first singer of Arthur, and the Four Branches of the Mabinogi present the adventures of Welsh superheroes and kings.  Stories of the Celts and of their British homeland are also lodged in influential medieval Latin writings, so we'll study Geoffrey of Monmouth and Gerald of Wales to see how Celtic tales shape a broader literature.
1486	ENG	402	S07-08	LA	Forms of Literature: Intertextuality and Shakespeare	The course places Shakespeare in the web of relationships from which his work emerged and in which it now lives.  We look at conventional "sources" as well as more distant cultural analogues; and we find his presence in modern novels, films, plays, poems, popular culture.  Simultaneously we consider the issue of "intertextuality," with the question, crudely put, whether culture writes the author or the author the culture.  We concentrate on just three plays--[Hamlet, King Lear, and The Tempest]--with a wide range of other reading including brief theoretical essays by Kristeva, Barthes, and Greenblatt.
1487	ENG	501	S07-08		Old English Period	Temporalities. Prevailing literary criticism holds that nostalgic and providential senses of time dominate Old English poetry. This seminar will situate this criticism within the long intellectual history of thought about time, periodization, and temporality, and will consider what is at stake in such a representation of a poetic corpus that is simultaneously designated as the origin of English poetry. We will investigate senses of time in the poetry and related early medieval texts, focusing especially upon temporalities of memory, ruin, conversion and translation. Students need not have prior knowledge of Old English.
1488	ENG	522	S07-08		The Renaissance in England: Imitation and Tradition	This course explores the influence and reception of the classical tradition in England, from Surrey to Dryden. We will pay particular attention to theories of imitation by Quintilian and Erasmus, and also consider the ways that theory was modified by practice in a wide variety of genres: epic and epyllion, romance, lyric, and drama.
1489	ENG	553	S07-08		Special Studies in the Nineteenth Century: Victorian and Edwardian Historical Poetics	We will read Victorian and Edwardian poetry and poetic theory, with special emphasis on debates about meter but avoiding the common pitfalls of reading meter as an unchanging, a-historic, formal feature. We will question meter's abstraction in contemporary poetic theory and look at how recent scholars of 19th century poetry revisit formal analysis. Measuring Englishness, private and public expectations for poetry, the domestic sphere, and the spiritual realm, we will ask how the terms of meter expanded and contracted in this period. We may also briefly consider the transatlantic circulation of Victorian poetry and metrical theories.
1490	ENG	555	S07-08		American Literary Traditions: The American Enlightenment	The exploration of America ushered in the Age of Reason; two hundred years later, the founding of the United States seemed a practical realization of Enlightenment thought. In readings centered on the eighteenth century--but delving as well into the seventeenth--we will explore the relationship of "America" and "Enlightenment." Each week we will read a classic text of Enlightenment philosophy alongside both a contemporaneous work from the early American literary canon, and a more recent theoretical interpretation of the stakes of Enlightenment thought.
1491	ENG	563	S07-08		Poetics: Poetry and Poetics of the Eighteenth-Century	A seminar in the poetry and poetics of the 18th century. We will give particular focus to the transformation at mid-century away from neoclassicism, asking questions about the figure of the poet in the culture, the situation of a "minor" poetry, the rise of poetic individualism and theories of the imagination, and the relation between poetry and the visual arts.
1492	ENG	568	S07-08		Criticism and Theory: Literary Theory: A Brief Survey of Reading and Practical Criticism	A consideration of accounts of reading and literary criticism from the eighteenth century through the very recent past. Course will focus on the rise of paraphrase, commentary, and critical evaluation as increasingly public (as opposed to scholarly) activities and will conclude with a discussion of recent defenses of close reading and a proposal for "distant reading."
1493	ENG	573	S07-08		Problems in Literary Study: Colonialism and Form	In this course, we will examine the phenomenology of form in English and Anglophone literature within the context of colonialism and decolonization. We will take up Edward Said's claim that far from being a coincidental reference in canonical works of English literature, the experience of empire was constitutive of the inner structure of literary texts. Why did the key texts of Englishness develop concurrently with the colonial project? Why does colonialism feature prominently in the fictional and poetic works that signal the transition from realism to modernism? What was the relationship between genre and the language of difference?
1494	ENG	581	S07-08		Seminar in Pedagogy	Required weekly seminar for all English Department PhD students teaching for the first time at Princeton. This teaching seminar covers a range of topics: designing lesson plans, leading discussions, grading papers, preparing syllabi, delivering lectures, and writing recommendations. Classroom observations, blackboard postings, and teaching portfolios required.
1495	ENV	ST03	S07-08		Communicating Sustainability: Critical Reporting on Environmental Issues	Global climate and sustainability issues represent today's greatest challenges. Evidence shows that humans cause the severity of the problems, while also having the means to address them. This course encourages students to explore personal assumptions, conduct rigorous background research in the field of sustainability, and produce national distribution quality radio and video projects from their work. We begin with the burgeoning of the sustainability movement and its need for engaging communication with the public, as well as foundations of journalism, introductions to radio and film, and culminate with final student projects.
1496	ENV	202A	S07-08		Fundamentals of Environmental Studies: Climate,  Air Pollution, Toxics, and Water	This course will focus on environmental consequences of human activities and their interactions with natural systems. Beginning with underlying principles, we will consider the social, political, economic, scientific and technical dimensions of four areas of environmental concern: the atmosphere (atmospheric pollution, its sources and prevention); climate (climate and climate variability; models and public policy); toxics in the environment (pollutants, remediation and solutions); and water resources (water-sheds, land use, climate effects, political issues).
1497	ENV	202B	S07-08	ST	Fundamentals of Environmental Studies: Climate, Air Pollution, Toxics, and Water	This course will focus on environmental consequences of human activities and their interactions with natural systems. Beginning with underlying principles, we will consider the social, political, economic, scientific and technical dimensions of four areas of environmental concern: the atmosphere (atmospheric pollution, its sources and prevention); climate (climate and climate variability; models and public policy); toxics in the environment (pollutants, remediation and solutions); and water resources (watersheds, land use, climate effects, political issues).
1498	ENV	305	S07-08		Topics in Environmental Studies: Environmental Writing	This course focuses on writing about environmental topics and issues. Readings trace varieties of natural encounter, historical and contemporary. Nonfiction genres examined include the personal essay, the policy essay, reportage and reviews, long-form narratives, and profiles of people and places.
1499	ENV	314	S07-08		Environmental Policy and Natural Resources in Eastern Europe and the European Union	This course covers environmental protection strategies for a new Europe, focusing on Eastern Europe and the European Union. Emphasis will be on the role of governmental mediation and NGO's, sustainable development of rural areas, conservation of nature and biodiversity, natural resources management, greening of agriculture, economic revitalization of protected landscape areas, and efforts to intervene against pollution at the source. The course will also cover the above topics concerning Hungary together with its concept of environmental protection, nature conservation, and a new environmental policy.
1500	EPS	300	S07-08	SA	European Politics and Society in the Twentieth Century	The course aims to cover the critical developments of twentieth-century Europe and the consolidation of democracy in European countries.  It will deal with the legacy of the two world wars, Nazism, Stalinism, the Cold War, the legacy of colonialism and decolonization, the birth and development of the European Community, the development of the welfare state, the problems confronting the European Union (immigration, enlargement, political institutions, military role), and the varieties of democratic institutions in Europe.
1501	FIN	502	S07-08		Corporate Finance and Financial Accounting	Modern financial theory and its implications for decisions faced by corporate financial officers.  We will focus on investment decisions and capital budgeting under various assumptions about the investment environment (for example, certain or uncertain outcomes) and the legal/regulatory environment (such as different types of tax regimes).  We also examine financing decisions concerning the type of securities to be issued, amount of dividends to be paid, etc., plus a selection of additional topics, such as convertible/hybrid securities, real options, or corporate structure and control will also be covered.
1502	FIN	519	S07-08		Corporate Restructuring, Mergers and Acquisitions	This course applies topics from microeconomics (Economics 305) and corporate finance (Economics 318) to study corporate restructuring. Topics include mergers, acquisitions, joint ventures, divestiture and share repurchases. Each of these is discussed in the context of the relevant economic theory, institutional and regulatory environment, and with a focus on shareholder value.  Meets concurrently with ECO464.
1503	FIN	521	S07-08		Fixed Income: Models and Applications	This course will deal with no-arbitrage models of contracts based on interest rates including bonds, forward and future contracts, swaps, options and other derivatives.  We will develop the theory of arbitrage-free pricing of financial assets in discrete and continuous time, as well as many special models that can be used to price and hedge fixed income securities.
1504	FIN	561	S07-08		Master's Project II	Under the direction of a Bendheim affiliated faculty member, students carry out a master's project, write a report, and present the results in the form of a poster or an oral presentation in front of an examining committee.
1505	FRE	102	S07-08		Beginner's French II	This course continues developing the use and comprehension of French structures and vocabulary begun in FRE 101.  We emphasize the use of all four language skills: speaking, listening, writing, and reading. Classroom activities focus on practicing these French skills in a cultural context.
1506	FRE	107	S07-08		Intermediate/Advanced French	Continued presentation and review of grammar.  Development of an active command of spoken and written French through class discussion and compositions.   Acquisition of reading skills through progressively longer readings.
1507	FRE	108	S07-08		Advanced French	An intensive course to develop active command of the language through close reading of short literary texts, grammar review, oral and written exercises.
1508	FRE	207	S07-08		Studies in French Language and Style	A study of French contemporary culture and society.  Intensive oral and written study of vocabulary, grammar, and idiomatic expressions prepares students for advanced courses in French literature and civilization and for working programs in French-speaking countries. Small class format.  Strong emphasis on discussion.  Film series. Intensive practical training in oral and written French.
1509	FRE	215	S07-08		French for the Modern World Economy	This course is designed to develop students' linguistic skills and broaden their knowledge of contemporary French society. Discussions and essays will cover a wide range of topics drawn from economic, political, social and cultural aspects of France and the francophone world. Current affairs will be discussed in class on a regular basis. The course will provide intensive language practice and students will improve their communication skills by completing a research project, to be presented orally and in writing, on a topic of their choice. Course material include readings, videos, films, francophone television and web-based activities.
1510	FRE	222	S07-08	LA	The Making of Modern France: French Literature, Culture, and Society from 1789 to the Present	This course examines the major historical and cultural developments that have shaped France since the Revolution. By studying a series of classic texts (from Balzac to Beckett), important films (by Varda and Renoir), seminal paintings (e.g. Delacroix, Manet, Picasso), and original essays (by Constant, Zola, Fanon), we will undertake an interdisciplinary tour through two centuries of French cultural history, addressing issues such as nationhood, colonialism, democracy, modernity, and consumer society. The focus will be on the relations between artistic renovation, social change, and historical events.
1511	FRE	307	S07-08	LA	Advanced French Language and Style	To improve spoken and written French through comparative study of English and French grammatical and syntactic structures, literary translation, and reading of non-literary texts.
1512	FRE	359	S07-08	LA	Power, Passion, and Ideology	In this course, we will examine the representation of the relationship between power and passion during the Old Regime, the Empire, and the Restoration. We will pay particular attention to the ways in which the image of the ruler and the lover was defined and used in literary works, archives, pamphlets, and works of art. We will discuss the emergence of the concept of 'private life', the representation of the libertine both in literature and in politics (Louis XV, Madame du Barry, "Les liaisons dangereuses", Marie-Antoinette), and the image of Napoleon in politics and literature.
1513	FRE	363	S07-08	LA	The 20th-Century French Novel	Readings in the French novel 1930-1980 variously centered on intellectual argument, the description of everyday life, formal experimentation and social psychology. Texts include works of high literary ambition as well as examples of popular and mass-market fiction. Particular attention will be paid to author-reader relations and to the meaning of form.
1514	FRE	364	S07-08	LA	Modern French Poetry	This course will center on the poetry and art criticism of Charles Baudelaire. It will pay attention to the clash in his work between the spiritual and the material, the urban and the pastoral. In conjunction with texts by Edgar Allen Poe and Walter Benjamin, we will investigate key notions such as the treatment of time and space, the connection between writing and boredom, and the poet's failure to find in art a cure for the fatigue and melancholy that characterizes the experience of modernity.
1515	FRE	391	S07-08	LA	Topics in French Cinema: The Shoah in French Film	A study of the representation of the Holocaust in French film. Major topics of discussion include the question of French national identity, the communication of traumatic experience, and differences of genre.
1516	FRE	407	S07-08	LA	Prose Translation	A practical investigation of the issues affecting translation between English and French. Weekly exercises will offer experience of literary, technical, journalistic and other registers of language. Discussion will focus on the linguistic, cultural and intellectual lessons of translation seen as a practical discipline in its own right.
1517	FRE	500	S07-08		Second Language Acquisition Research and Language Teaching Methodology	Practical and theoretical preparation for teachers of French.  Sessions may be held in common with other language programs.
1518	FRE	513	S07-08		Seminar in French Literature of the Renaissance: Renaissance Magic and French Literature	A study of the relationship between magic and poetry, prophetic dreams and fiction, occult philosophy and humanist wisdom in 16th-century France.
1519	FRE	519	S07-08		Enlightenment and Romanticism: Philosophy of the Enlightenment	In this seminar, we will consider how the French Enlightenment integrated and challenged the philosophical tradition represented by Leibniz, Locke, and Spinoza.  We will explore theories about nature, language and knowledge, ethics and politics through the works of Voltaire, Diderot, Condillac, and Rousseau. Finally, we will examine how twentieth-century philosophers and critics such as Deleuze, Foucault, Lyotard, and Derrida contributed to our current understanding of the question: What is Enlightenment? (in English)
1520	FRE	526	S07-08		Seminar in 19th- and 20th-Century French Literature: Writing the People in 19thC France	What is the people? Much of nineteenth-century literature is an effort to confront this urgent political question after the Revolution, and to give shape and voice to this amorphous new sovereign. At once ubiquitous and intangible, the people is an unsettling power that modern writing seeks to name, express, silence, or shape. This course examines some landmark novels (by Hugo, les Goncourt, Sue, and Zola) and social analysis (by reformers, hygienists, and intellectuals) at the crossroads between politics and aesthetics. Critical texts by Marx, Chevalier, Rancière, Foucault, T.J. Clark, Lefort, and Rosanvallon.
1521	FRE	1027	S07-08		Intensive Intermediate and Advanced French	FRE 102-7 is an intensive double course designed to help students develop an active command of the language.  Focus will be on reading and listening comprehension, oral proficiency, grammatical accuracy, and the development of reading and writing skills.  A solid grammatical basis and awareness of the idiomatic usage of the language will be emphasized.  Students will be introduced to various Francophone cultures through readings, videos and films.
1522	FRS	102	S07-08	LA	"Know Thyself": Literature and the Art of Self-Discovery	See Freshman Seminar booklet or www.princeton.edu/pr/pub/fs/
1523	FRS	104	S07-08	QR	What Do Your DNA and Your iPod Have in Common?	See Freshman Seminar booklet or www.princeton.edu/pr/pub/fs/
1524	FRS	106	S07-08	LA	Brazilian Popular Music: A Dialogue with the United States	See Freshman Seminar booklet or www.princeton.edu/pr/pub/fs/
1525	FRS	108	S07-08	SA	Food and the Planet	See Freshman Seminar booklet or www.princeton.edu/pr/pub/fs/
1526	FRS	110	S07-08	LA	Freedom, Identity, and Self-Deception: Philosophy through Literature	See Freshman Seminar booklet or www.princeton.edu/pr/pub/fs/
1527	FRS	112	S07-08	HA	Native North America, 1400-1836	See Freshman Seminar booklet or www.princeton.edu/pr/pub/fs/
1528	FRS	114	S07-08	LA	Eye of the Tiger: Reading Buildings	See Freshman Seminar booklet or www.princeton.edu/pr/pub/fs/
1529	FRS	116	S07-08	LA	People of the (Comic) Book: Jews and their Images in American and French Popular Culture	See Freshman Seminar booklet or www.princeton.edu/pr/pub/fs/
1530	FRS	118	S07-08	SA	Uncertain Destinies: Hispanics and the American Future	See Freshman Seminar booklet or www.princeton.edu/pr/pub/fs/
1531	FRS	120	S07-08	SA	Life on Mars -- Or Maybe Not	See Freshman Seminar booklet or www.princeton.edu/pr/pub/fs/
1532	FRS	122	S07-08	LA	Architects in Quest of the Ideal City	See Freshman Seminar booklet or www.princeton.edu/pr/pub/fs/
1533	FRS	124	S07-08	HA	The Beast in the Sea: The Natural History of Whales	See Freshman Seminar booklet or www.princeton.edu/pr/pub/fs/
1534	FRS	126	S07-08	ST	The Chemistry of Chocolate	See Freshman Seminar booklet or www.princeton.edu/pr/pub/fs/
1535	FRS	128	S07-08	EM	The Book of Genesis	See Freshman Seminar booklet or www.princeton.edu/pr/pub/fs/
1536	FRS	130	S07-08	EC	Language and Cognition	See Freshman Seminar booklet or www.princeton.edu/pr/pub/fs/
1537	FRS	132	S07-08	EM	Can Virtue Be Taught? (Introduction to the Philosophy of Education)	See Freshman Seminar booklet or www.princeton.edu/pr/pub/fs/
1538	FRS	134	S07-08	SA	Let's Eat: Food in Contemporary American Culture	See Freshman Seminar booklet or www.princeton.edu/pr/pub/fs/
1539	FRS	136	S07-08	EM	Falling from Paradise	See Freshman Seminar booklet or www.princeton.edu/pr/pub/fs/
1540	FRS	138	S07-08	LA	The Literature of Exploration, Place and Travel	See Freshman Seminar booklet or www.princeton.edu/pr/pub/fs/
1541	FRS	140	S07-08	LA	Henry James and William Faulkner	See Freshman Seminar booklet or www.princeton.edu/pr/pub/fs/
1542	FRS	142	S07-08	QR	Coming up with New Products  - The Art and Science of Product Design	See Freshman Seminar booklet or www.princeton.edu/pr/pub/fs/
1543	FRS	144	S07-08	EC	Freud on the Psychology of Ordinary Mental Life	See Freshman Seminar booklet or www.princeton.edu/pr/pub/fs/
1544	FRS	146	S07-08	LA	The Scarlet Thread: Detective Fiction from Poe to the Present	See Freshman Seminar booklet or www.princeton.edu/pr/pub/fs/
1545	FRS	148	S07-08	LA	Literature and the Law: The Case of the Trial	See Freshman Seminar booklet or www.princeton.edu/pr/pub/fs/
1546	FRS	150	S07-08	EM	Mind, Body, and Bioethics in Japan	See Freshman Seminar booklet or http://www.princeton.edu/pr/pub/fs/
1547	FRS	152	S07-08	SA	Cultures of Terrorism and Counterterrorism	See Freshman Seminar booklet or www.princeton.edu/pr/pub/fs/
1548	FRS	154	S07-08	LA	In Praise of Idleness: Literature and the Art of Conversation	See Freshman Seminar booklet or www.princeton.edu/pr/pub/fs/
1549	FRS	156	S07-08	LA	Writing on the Environment and the Heirs of Thoreau	See Freshman Seminar booklet or www.princeton.edu/pr/pub/fs/
1550	FRS	158	S07-08	ST	The Chemistry of Magic	See Freshman Seminar booklet or www.princeton.edu/pr/pub/fs/
1551	FRS	160	S07-08	SA	The Varieties of Religious Experience Today	See Freshman Seminar booklet or www.princeton.edu/pr/pub/fs/
1552	FRS	162	S07-08	SA	Economics of Environmental Protection	See Freshman Seminar booklet or www.princeton.edu/pr/pub/fs/
1553	FRS	164	S07-08	LA	Body and Spirit: A Comparative Approach to Sacred Dance	See Freshman Seminar booklet or www.princeton.edu/pr/pub/fs/
1554	FRS	166	S07-08	LA	Taking it Personally: Defining the American Self Through Solo Performance	No Description Available
1555	FRS	168	S07-08	EM	Origins of Racism and Ethnic Hatred	No Description Available
1556	FRS	170	S07-08	SA	Chile: From Revolution to Reform and Beyond	See Freshman Seminar booklet or www.princeton.edu/pr/pub/fs/
1557	FRS	172	S07-08	SA	Sour Fries: The Franco-American Relationship	See Freshman Seminar booklet or www.princeton.edu/pr/pub/fs/
1558	FRS	174	S07-08	QR	Fundamental Ideas of the Information Revolution: Insights into Technology, Language, and Biology	See Freshman Seminar booklet or www.princeton.edu/pr/pub/fs/
1559	FRS	176	S07-08	SA	Authentic Arab Voice	See Freshman Seminar booklet or www.princeton.edu/pr/pub/fs/
1560	GEO	202A	S07-08		Oceanography: An Introduction to the World's Oceans	An interdisciplinary introduction to oceanography, including biological, chemical, geological, and physical processes. Covers topics such as origins and structure of planet Earth and its oceans; plate tectonics, liquid water and the hydrologic cycle, salinity and elemental cycles, ocean circulation; waves and tides; primary production and nutrient cycles, marine ecosystems; life on the sea floor, near shore and estuarine communities, potential environmental issues for the world's oceans.
1561	GEO	202B	S07-08	ST	Oceanography: An Introduction to the World's Oceans	An interdisciplinary introduction to oceanography, including biological, chemical, geological, and physical processes. Covers topics such as origins and structure of planet Earth and its oceans; plate tectonics, liquid water and the hydrologic cycle, salinity and elemental cycles, ocean circulation; waves and tides; primary production and nutrient cycles, marine ecosystems; life on the sea floor, near shore and estuarine communities, potential environmental issues for the world's oceans.
1562	GEO	210B	S07-08	ST	Earthquakes, Volcanoes, and Other Hazards	Natural hazards and the importance of public understanding of the issues related to them.  Emphasis on the processes which underly these hazards with some discussion of the policy issues involved. Principal topics:  earthquakes, volcanoes, hurricanes, landslides, impacts, limits to growth of population and its use of natural resources.  * Use of "clickers" in class in lieu of quizzes.
1563	GEO	312	S07-08	ST	Introduction to Mineralogy and Petrology	The course covers the techniques utilized to identify minerals in the laboratory and from orbiting spacecraft and Martian rovers.  The fundamental processes governing the formation of various minerals types on the Earth and Mars and their environmental significance will also be covered.  Labs will focus on optical and electron microscopic and spectroscopic methods of mineral characterization.  Students will also analyze data available from the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter, which is currently mapping the candidate landing sites for the next Martian rover.  Two lectures and one 3 hour lab.  Prerequisite: CHM201 or 203 or instructor¿s permission
1564	GEO	320	S07-08	STX	Introductory Geophysics	Introduction to geophysical methods and interpretation of geophysical anomalies in exploration of continents and oceans.  Topics include gravity, magnetism, heat flow, and some seismology;  with a computer/lab problem on each of these topics.
1565	GEO	339	S07-08	STX	Climate Change: Scientific Basis, Policy Implications	An exploration of the causes and potential consequences of human-induced climate change, and their implications for policy responses.  By studying the climate system and how it is influenced by human perturbation, we will develop themes that should constrain public policy, including time-scales of change, irreversibility, lags, limits, uncertainty and surprise.  We will also examine the ways in which, people, governments and other institutions have actually responded to climate change.
1566	GEO	399	S07-08		Environmental Decision Making	Use of scientific arguments in concert with engineering, economic, political, and social considerations to develop environmental policies.  Class format consists of exercises based on actual case studies related to international agreements, environmental regulations, climate change, natural hazards, arms control negotiations, and national security.
1567	GEO	421	S07-08		Topics in Earth Science: Igneous Petrology	The origin and evolution of continental crust, with emphasis on the igneous processes (volcanic and plutonic) leading to formation of continental crust.  Course includes a required six full day series of field exercises in northern New Mexico during spring break.  Two 1.5 lecture periods will be scheduled, preferably Tuesday and Thursday evenings.
1568	GEO	428	S07-08		Biological Oceanography	Fundamentals of Biological Oceanography, with an emphasis on the ecosystem level.  We will consider the organisms in the context of their chemical and physical environment; the properties of seawater, atmosphere and ocean dynamics that affect life in the ocean; primary production and marine food webs; global cycles of carbon and other elements; current research approaches.  In addition to lectures by the professors, the course will delve deeply into the current and classic literature of oceanography and students will be expected to participate in seminar type presentations and discussions.  Two lectures/seminars per week.
1569	GEO	499	S07-08		Investigating Natural Hazards	We evaluate our vulnerability to natural hazards and the impact of disasters to the United States and the developing world. In particular, we explore what constitutes a natural disaster & predict the future humanitarian, economic, & political impact of such events given changes in sea level, climate variations, & demographic trends. Students will work in teams to assess risk and to develop economically realistic & scientifically sound policy recommendations. The results of the class will be submitted for publication, and the class will present their analysis to the appropriate policy-makers and/or business leaders.
1570	GEO	506	S07-08		Fundamentals of the Geosciences II	A survey of fundamental papers in the Geosciences.  Topics include present and future climate, biogeochemical processes in the ocean, geochemical cycles, orogenies, thermochronology, rock fracture and seismicity.  This is the second of two core geosciences graduate courses.
1571	GEO	507	S07-08		Topics in Mineralogy and Mineral Physics: Physics and Chemistry of Earth Materials at High Pressure	
1572	GEO	523	S07-08		Geomicrobiology	The course focuses on microbial interactions with a wide range of terrestrial environments.  The course is part lecture and part seminar and contains a computer lab.  This year¿s course will focus on the bioenergetics of microbial respiration coupled to mineral diagenesis and hydrocarbon degradation.  Students will learn how to utilize Geochemist Workbench and PhreeqC to model their own experimental or field data and how to construct thermodynamic data sets using SUPCRT92.  Undergraduates who have taken GEO331 or GEO417/428 or who can convince the instructor that they have adequate geochemical and microbiological training are welcome.
1573	GEO	538	S07-08		Paleoclimatology	A discussion of major climatic events in Earth history and their causes.  Topics include Snowball Earth, Paleozoic glaciations, warm Cretaceous climates, major climate events of the Cenozoic, and Pleistocene ice ages.  We will analyze these climate events in the context of Earth's radiative balance, greenhouse warming, interactions between the atmosphere and biosphere, and modeling studies of oceans, atmosphere, and paleoclimate.
1574	GEO	539	S07-08		Topics in Paleoecology, Paleoclimatology, and Paleoceanography: Biotic Effects of Volcanism and Impacts	Investigation of paleoenvironments and biotic effects associated with Cretaceous and oceanic anoxic events and large igneous provinces.
1575	GEO	544	S07-08		Structural Geology Seminar: Organic Systems, Fold-Thrust Belts & Synorogenic Sediments	A course designed to introduce students to the relationship of fold-thrust belts to the orogenic systems they are a part of.  Papers for the class span early papers (~1970) that first introducted the technique to recent papers (2003-2004) that apply the technique of balances cross sections to understand the development of mountain ranges.
1576	GEO	559	S07-08		Topics In Earth History	This seminar examines the history of global change on Earth.  Topics include the relationship between paleogeography, sea level and climate, the character and geometry of Earth's ancient magnetic field, the evolution of Earth's spin vector, the interpretation of global sea level variability, the deconvolution of periodic and stochastic forcing in sedimentary records, and the large-scale events and processes that affected global change and the evolution of life.
1577	GER	102	S07-08		Beginner's German II	Continues the goals of German 101, focusing on increased communicative proficiency (oral and written), effective reading strategies, and listening skills. Emphasis on functional language tasks: learning to request, persuade, ask for help, express opinions, agree and disagree, negotiate conversations, and gain perspective on German culture through readings and discussion.  Participants eligible to apply for Princeton-in-Munich, GER 105-G, June, 2008. The afternoon section follows the basic syllabus with added emphasis on reading skills for graduate students and seniors.
1578	GER	107	S07-08		Advanced German	Continues improvement of proficiency in speaking, listening, reading, and writing using news magazines, electronic media, and literary texts as a basis for class discussion.  Grammar review is included.
1579	GER	208	S07-08		Studies in German Language and Style: Contemporary Society, Politics, and Culture	How German is it? The quest for a German identity after 1945.
1580	GER	210	S07-08	EC	Introduction to German Philosophy	German thought from the Enlightenment to the present, its major authors (Kant, Hegel, Marx, Nietzsche, Weber, Heidegger, Arendt, Habermas.)  The course will offer a survey of German intellectual history, but also engage directly and closely with theoretical texts.  We will not only focus on the core disciplines of philosophy, but on aesthetics, social, and political thought as well.  All readings in English.
1581	GER	211	S07-08	EC	Introduction to Media Theory	Through careful readings of a wide range of media theoretical texts from the late 19th to the early 21st century, this seminar will trace the development of critical reflection on media ranging from the birth of single-point perspective to photography, from gramophones to radio, from pre-cinematic optical devices to film and television, and from telephony and typewriters to cyberspace. Topics will include the relationship between representation and technology, the historicity of perception, the interplay of aesthetics, technics and politics, and transformations of reigning notions of imagination, literacy, communication, reality, and truth.
1582	GER	309	S07-08	LA	Literature, Philosophy, and Politics in the Weimar Republic	An interdisciplinary examination of continuity and change in the culture and the cultural politics of Germany between 1919 and 1933. Topics include expressionism in the visual arts and literature; Berlin Dada; the Conservative Revolution; abstract versus representational art (Thomas Mann, Neue Sachlichkeit); the Bauhaus and mass housing; montage in film and literature (Sergei Eisenstein, Walter Benjamin); the political theater (Bertolt Brecht, Erwin Piscator), and the optics of the modern metropolis (Walter Ruttmann, Alfred Döblin).
1583	GER	324	S07-08	LA	Topics in Germanic Literatures: Somnambulism, Hypnotism, and Suggestion in Literature and Film	Hypnosis is both a therapeutic tool and a means to gain control over others. In the 19th and early 20th century, hypnotism--or rather somnabulism--was a contentious field of research oscillating between science and charlatanry. The seminar explores the historical relevance of individual and collective suggestability and tries to account for the reflections of its social and aesthetic dimensions in literary texts and films. We will be guided by methodological considerations of the role of knowledge in literature in general, and of the affinities of literature and film to hypnotism itself in particular.
1584	GER	340	S07-08	LA	German Literature in the Age of Revolution	German Literature in its classic era. Against the backdrop of political unrest in late 18th century Europe, this course will examine the shape and character of artistic and cultural expression as a therapy against a world losing its stability. Our topic will lead us to the work and journalistic projects of J.W. v. Goethe and F. Schiller.
1585	GER	371	S07-08	LA	Art in Germany Since 1960	Course focuses on the production and reception of art in the Federal Republic of Germany from circa 1960 to now, situating episodes in the history of painting, sculpture, and photography in relation to developments in literature and cinema.  Topics include: the problem of coming to terms with the past (Vergangenheitsbewältigung); the West German economic miracle (Wirtschaftswunder) and the functions and meanings of art in consumer society; violence, politics, sexuality, and representation; abstraction and figuration in painting, sculpture, and photography; history, memory, and artistic tradition; art as a vehicle of sociopolitical critique.
1586	GER	373	S07-08	LA	Modernist Colloquies:  Photography and Literature	Exemplary encounters between photography and literature in the 20th century. After providing students with a basis in the theory of photography, the course focuses on intersections between literary and photographic forms, producers, and movements. Topics will include modernism in New York (Williams, Strand, and Sheeler) and Mexico City (Lawrence, Bravo, Weston, Modotti), the New Photography and the photo essay in Germany (Benjamin, Moholy-Nagy, Renger-Patzsch, Sander), social criticism (Evans and Agee), surrealism (Breton, Brassaï), and the American road (Kerouac and Frank). Two 90-minute seminars.
1587	GER	505	S07-08		Structure and History of the German Language	Study of the development of the German language from prehistoric times to the present with emphasis on the rise of the standard language, social and geographic variation, work with handwritten and early printed texts, and phonetics and syntax of modern Standard German.
1588	GER	509	S07-08		Middle High German Literature II: Margery Kempe's German Sisters	Seminar examines the explosion of devotional literature in fifteenth-century Germany. This phenomenon is striking because of the instrumental role of women in its production (and reproduction). The picture emerging from the texts is one of a dynamic, but often tense relationship between the female religious and her confessors, culminating in the Sister Catherine Treatise, a dialogue in which the "spiritual daughter" becomes "daughter confessor" and instructs her teacher. Texts read in Middle High German. Reading knowledge of German required. Some exposure to MHG recommended but not required. Class discussions in English.
1589	GER	515	S07-08		Studies in 19th-Century Literature and Culture: Heine in France: Aesthetics and Politics in Exile	Heine spent the second part of his life in France, attempting to establish himself as an expert on German culture and as a journalist who reported on French political and social life. The seminar examines the concepts of writing that Heine developed under exile and censorship, and investigates the aesthetic, economic and political objects and patterns which he discovered, analyzed and described in Paris, among them the myth of Napoleon, virtuosity in music and politics, and the communist movement. Heine's texts and the contexts to which they refer reveal his writing desk as a laboratory of modernity.
1590	GER	520	S07-08		Topics in Literary and Cultural Theory: Art Media Theory	Organized around a set of topoi--medium, apparatus, dispositif, Kunstwollen, symbolische Form, Pathosformel, aura--that raise key historical and theoretical issues for the conceptualization of art and media as such, this seminar will undertake a series of close readings of selected canonical art media theory texts.
1591	GER	526	S07-08		Topics in German Literature: Stefan George and his Wider Circle	Interest in the life and work of Stefan George has intensified in recent years with the publication of politically tendentious biographies and much brooding on the fact that the Hitler Attentaeter, Claus von Stauffenberg, was a devoted acolyte. We will study George's poetry--and his life as a poet: his homosexuality, his work as an arbiter of literary taste, his cult of reading aloud, his martial and prophetic attitudes; the productions of his circle (mainly, Gundolf and Wolfskehl); and relevant canonical works--viz., poems of Hölderlin and Goethe; essays by Nietzsche, Benjamin, and Vorländer; and Coetzee's novel Elizabeth Costello.
1592	GER	1025	S07-08		Intensive Intermediate German	Intensive training in German, building on German 101 and covering the acquisitional goals of two subsequent semesters:  communicative proficiency in a wide range  of syntax, mastery of discourse skills, and reading strategies sufficient to interpret and discuss contemporary German short stories and drama.  Intensive classroom participation/language lab required.  Successful completion provides eligibility for German 107 or, in exceptional cases, for 200 level courses.  Participants are eligible to apply for the Princeton-in-Munich program (107-G), June, 2008.
1593	HEB	102	S07-08		Elementary Hebrew II	Continuation of HEB 101 focusing on the structure, the grammar and vocabulary of the Hebrew language.  We'll be reading easy texts from Israeli newspapers, from our textbooks.  We'll be writing more compositions and be giving presentations about various topics in Hebrew.
1594	HEB	107	S07-08		Intermediate Hebrew II	Completion of two-year textbook, Ha-Yesod, and reading and discussion of selected additional texts (newspaper, stories, poems, etc.) Extensive practice in conversation, writing and reading and tasting Hebrew literature.
1595	HEB	302	S07-08	LA	Advanced Hebrew Language and Style II	Readings in Hebrew culture, exploring the underlying tensions in identity among Israeli Jews:  tensions in religious identity (ie.  Ashkenazim versus Sephardim/Ultra Orthodox (Chareidim) versus Secularists), political identity, age/generational identity, and personal identity.  We will analyze these issues within the context of contemporary short stories, modern poetry, newspaper articles, and cinema/theater.
1596	HEB	402	S07-08	LA	Coexistence through Theater and Film	An advanced language and culture course in Hebrew. Students will develop further proficiency in all skills through discussions, oral presentations of authentic materials and media.  The objective is to investigate how playwrights and filmmakers deal with socio-cultural issues of coexistence.  In addition to reading the plays, students will watch the DVDs with the performances from the unique bilingual theater in Jaffa.  Lab work will be also assigned.
1597	HIN	101	S07-08		Elementary Hindi I	Elementary Hindi 101 provides the first semester of training in spoken and written Hindi. Our primary objective is to develop speaking, listening, reading and writing proficiency of Hindi. Classroom activities include comprehension, grammar exercises, role-plays, songs, conversation, video viewing and production. Some attention to the cultural context of northern India. Depending on interest, Urdu script will also be taught.
1598	HIN	102	S07-08		Elementary Hindi II	Elementary Hindi 102 provides the second semester of training in spoken and written Hindi. Our primary objective is to continue to increase understanding, speaking, reading and writing Hindi. Classroom activities include comprehension, grammar exercises, role-plays, and conversation. Some attention to the cultural context of northern India. Depending on interest, Urdu script will also be taught.
1599	HIN	105	S07-08		Intermediate Hindi	Intermediate Hindi-105 begins the second year of training in spoken and written Hindi. Our primary objective is to continue to increase speaking, listening, reading and writing proficiency of the language. Classroom activities include comprehension, grammar exercises, role-plays, songs, conversation, video viewing and production. Some attention to the cultural context of northern India. Depending on interest, Urdu script will also be taught.
1600	HIN	107	S07-08		Intermediate Hindi II	A continuation of the second year of intermediate Hindi language training, this course focuses on improving skills in the following areas: reading expository texts and extended narratives, writing descriptive informative texts of three to four pages, verbal communication on a range of topics, and expanding analytical understanding of the structure of the Hindi language. Special attention is paid to the cultural context of South Asia.
1601	HIS	208	S07-08	HA	East Asia since 1800	An introduction to the key political, social, and cultural developments in modern East Asia, with emphasis on China and Japan.  Major topics include the contrasting responses of China, Japan, and Korea to the Western challenge; imperialism, cooperation, and war among the East Asian societies; East Asian world since World War II.
1602	HIS	280	S07-08	HA	Approaches to American History	An intensive introduction for history concentrators, particularly those who plan to take their independent work seriously.  Students will immerse themselves in documents of three historical events:  the Salem witch trials, the Denmark Vesey slave insurrection conspiracy, and the Little Rock school integration crisis.  Interpretation of documents, the framing of historical questions, and the construction of historical explanations will be stressed.
1603	HIS	322	S07-08	HA	20th-Century Japan	The course aims at providing a general introduction to Japanese history from 1890 to the present, with emphasis on industrialization, social problems, gender relations,  democracy,  war, the U.S. Occupation, state management of society,  the "economic miracle," recent stagnation,  and the Japanese preoccupation with national identity in a Western-dominated world.  In the final third of the term, students will be encouraged to think about post-1945 developments in terms of the continuities with (as well as  divergences from) the prewar and wartime history of Japan.
1604	HIS	325	S07-08	HA	China, 1850 to the Present	Surveys China's transformation from 'Celestial Empire' to People's Republic.  Topics include the opium crisis, the impact of natural disasters, the fall of the imperial order, China's struggle with Western and Japanese imperialism, and revolutions in society, family, and personal life in China and Taiwan since 1949.  Students will explore these transformations through music, video, and historical photographs located on the course web site.
1605	HIS	332	S07-08	HA	The Mughals and their World	The Mughal Empire was one of the great empires of the early modern world known for its wealth and courtly splendor. At the height of their power, the Mughals controlled most of the Indian subcontinent. This class will explore Mughal sovereignty, political control, economic reform, spatial organization, and aesthetics. It will also re-examine the enduring narrative of Mughal imperial decline that frames conventional understandings of the rise of British colonialism in the Indian subcontinent in the late 18th century.  The lectures and readings for the course will draw on travel narratives, films, chronicles, and courtly literature.
1606	HIS	339	S07-08	HA	Literature, Politics and Religion in Early Stuart England	This is an interdisciplinary course designed not to use history in a conventional way as background to the great literary texts of the period, but rather to use both famous and not so famous texts from the period to address some of the crucial issues in the intellectual, cultural, social and political history of the period.  The focus is on the relations of literary plays with the political and religious history of late Elizabethan England.
1607	HIS	343	S07-08	HA	The Civilization of the Early Middle Ages	The course will explore the emergence and development of medieval civilization from the end of the Roman Empire to the end of the Viking Age (11th century).  It will highlight the role and impact of Christianity on societies both established and emergent, 'civilized' and 'barbarian'.  Further to this end, it will examine the development and advance of Christianity in Western Europe as compared to neighboring Byzantium.  The course will also explore early medieval societies through individual expressions of agriculture, trade, family, hierarchy, kingship, and war.  Language and the development of writing will also be emphasized.
1608	HIS	344	S07-08	HA	The Civilization of the High Middle Ages	In lectures, to provide my interpretation (and a conspectus of differing interpretations) of the civilization of Western Europe, 11th-14th century; by the readings, to introduce students to the variety of surviving sources; through the paper, to give students a taste of doing medieval history.
1609	HIS	349	S07-08	HA	Age of Discovery: The Early European Empires, 1415-1600	This course presents an overview of the first modern European imperial cycle, the "Age of Discovery." The scope of our discussions will be global, starting with the first Atlantic explorations and ending with the establishment of colonies and outposts from the Pacific coast of the Americas around Africa and the Indian Ocean basin, and as far as Japan. Innovations in navigational techniques enabled merchants, missionaries, adventurers, and conquerors to reach the ends of the earth. Yet rather than discover new worlds, as the old story would have it, they (and the people they encountered) created a new world, the one we live in today.
1610	HIS	351	S07-08	HA	France, 1815 to the Present	The history of France in the 19th and 20th centuries appears a rapid and perplexing turnover of regimes and administrations.  This course has two interrelated aims: (1) to account for France's peculiar political instability in terms of social struggles which were played out in one form or another in all European states, and thereby, (2) to set France's unique pattern of development in its European context.  Topics will include: the Restoration and the legacy of the French Revolution; 1848 and Bonapartism; popular revolt in the fin de siecle and the triumph of the Third Republic, etc.
1611	HIS	354	S07-08	HA	Intellectual History of Europe since 1880	This course is an introduction to Modern Intellectual History.  It will examine the period from 1880-1960 focusing on several main trends and key figures.  Late nineteenth century authors like Nietzsche, Weber, and Freud will be examined against the backdrop of the classical social theories of Marx and Mill.  The era of totalitarianism after World War I will be examined with particular attention to Communism, Nazism (Carl Schmitt), and the debates over humanism and existentialism.  The course will conclude with discussions of thinkers during the Cold War including, Raphael Lemkin, Jean-Paul Sartre, Albert Camus, and Hannah Arendt.
1612	HIS	362	S07-08	HA	The Soviet Empire	An examination of the transformation of the Russian Empire into the Soviet Empire.  Topics include: the invention and unfolding of single-party revolutionary politics, the expansion of the machinery of state, the onset and development of Stalin's personal despotism, the violent attempt to create a noncapitalist society,  the experiences and consequences of the monumental war with Nazi Germany, and the various postwar reforms. Special attention paid to the dynamics of the new socialist society, the connection between the power of the state and everyday life, the bloc,  and the 1991 collapse.
1613	HIS	372	S07-08	HA	Revolutionary America	The years between the North American imperial conflicts of the 1740s and Thomas Jefferson's election to the presidency in 1800 saw the transformation through war of the American colonies, from an assemblage of  quarreling settlements into a revolutionary republic.  What were the 18th-century empires good for?  How and why did the American Revolution begin?  Was it a democratic movement?  How did Britain lose the revolutionary war?  Did the American states ever come to constitute a nation?  What good did independence from Britain do them?  And what part did national sentiment play in uniting or fragmenting the British empire and the U.S.?
1614	HIS	380	S07-08	HA	The United States and World Affairs	To provide a framework for interpreting the course of United States foreign relations from the 1890s to the present.  The course examines not only the international context but also the domestic factors--political, economic, and social--that shaped America's role in world affairs.
1615	HIS	387	S07-08	HA	African American History from Reconstruction to the Present	This course presents an overview of the major themes, pivotal moments, and critical questions in African American history from Reconstruction to the present.  It analyzes the social, political, cultural, intellectual, and legal dimensions of the black experience in the United States during Reconstruction,suffrage, the Great Migration, the World Wars,the Depression, the long civil rights era, and the contemporary period of racial politics.  Using a wide variety of texts, images, and creative works, the course situates African American history within broader national and international contexts.
1616	HIS	394	S07-08	HA	The Rise of Modern Biomedicine: Global Trends in Health and Healing, 1500-2000	This course explores the global roots of biomedicine beginning in the period of European expansion and ending with the twentieth century consolidation of the World Health Organization (WHO).  Particular emphasis is paid to migrations and circulations of all kinds:  people, diseases,  ideas, and practices.  Students will be asked to consider the extent to which biomedicine has been successful in relieving human suffering over the centuries.  They will also examine key debates surrounding the origins of epidemics and the efficacy of alternative and traditional medical systems.
1617	HIS	398	S07-08	HA	Technologies and Their Societies: Historical Perspectives	This course offers a historical understanding of the role of technology in U.S. history from the 1880s to the present.  It is built on the idea that technology is simultaneously a reflection of social and cultural values, and a factor (one of many) in the transformation of those values.  Technologies of mass production, mass consumption, and information are emphasized.  The role of the engineer in American society is another recurring theme.  From factory floors to suburban kitchens, ingenious inventors to angry student demonstrators, Model Ts to Macs, the subjects reflect the diversity of American technologies and technological environments.
1618	HIS	400	S07-08		Junior Seminars	A special section of History 400 for junior majors returning from study abroad and for sophomores intending to major in History and to spend the fall term or year abroad.  Normally required of all juniors in the fall term, the seminar serves to introduce majors  to the tools, methods and interpretations employed in historical research and writing.  This seminar will concentrate on readings of colonialism, and encounters penned by adventurers, scholars and officials active in Asia and Africa between 1800 and 1950.  Students interested in taking this course must contact History's Undergraduate Administrator (etta@princeton.edu).
1619	HIS	404	S07-08	HA	Native Americans in North America: History and Anthropology	This course examines the history of indigenous rights struggles in North America after the Second World War.  It focuses on the use of diverse lines of historical evidence and various disciplinary perspectives (anthropology, archaeology, historical, geography and history) in different dispute resolution forums (mostly claims commissions and the courts).  The course also considers how claims-related research has challenged the accepted cultural histories of various Native people, raised issues about the legitimacy of applied history, and cast doubt about using American and Canadian litigation procedures to resolve historical questions.
1620	HIS	408	S07-08	HA	Selected Topics in 20th Century Latin America: U.S.-Latin American Relations Since 1898	This course examines the evolution of U.S.-Latin American relations since the War of 1898.  We will explore the political, social, economic and cultural dimension of U.S. interventions south of the border.
1621	HIS	437	S07-08	HA	Byzantium in the 10th Century: The Age of Reconquest	This course introduces the social, political, and military history of the 10th-century Byzantine state at the height of its power, and seeks to understand the background to the recovery of Byzantine political strength at that time. These dynamics will be studied in the context of internal social, economic, and administrative developments, as well as in the context of the wider political world. In particular, we will focus on relations with the Abbasid Caliphate and the regional emirates of Syria and Iraq, as well as with the various western powers with which Byzantium had dealings.
1622	HIS	464	S07-08	HA	The Idea of American Rights: 17th-19th Centuries	This is a course about a particularly American intellectual frontier--the place where the Enlightenment idea of  liberty/natural rights and the American people intersect over time in the early modern period.  We will examine the notion of rights as it began to be expressed during the Enlightenment. How were rights conceived?  Who did rights refer to?  How "natural" were natural rights?  Were there limits on rights? Through the study of numerous primary documents, along with a variety of secondary readings, we will examine some of the questions surrounding the ideological underpinnings, the arc, and the application of rights.
1623	HIS	480	S07-08	HA	Law, State, and Social Change, 1860s-1950s	Industrialization, urbanization, mass migration, economic depression, and total war--these all combined to make the 1860s-1950s a century of social upheaval. This course compares legal responses in four states (Britain, France, Germany, and the US).  We will examine different versions of representative democracy; suffrage reform and the democratization of politics; and how law coped with administrative power, how social welfare policy responded to economic dislocations, and how constitutions were contested and transformed.  In all four states, a new "public law" emerged, and we will trace its development through these turbulent times.
1624	HIS	493	S07-08	HA	Science and Religion: Historical Approaches	This seminar will offer students an opportunity to engage critically, and above all historically, with the relationship between science and religion in the modern (post-1500) world. Has this relationship been uniformly antagonistic? If so, why? If not, what general conditions or specific problems have led to other forms of engagement? We will read a set of recent secondary studies on these questions, as well as primary sources from key episodes of entanglement between theistic institutions (practices, commitments, etc.) and self-consciously scientific modernity.
1625	HIS	504	S07-08		Colonial Latin America to 1810	This course is a starting point for further exploration of Latin America¿s colonial past, with an emphasis on Mexico and the comparative possibilities that fan out towards the Andes and to ¿marginal¿ regions. How historians have written and thought about this past has changed over the last two decades, with new concepts and topics coming to the fore. We will explore what these new trends involve, why some types of questions now seem more urgent than others, and what problems of past historiographical traditions still remain and deserve a new look. So our readings will include classics as well as more recent works that display new approaches.
1626	HIS	517	S07-08		Southeast Asian Islams	This seminar will explore topics ranging from the Islamization of Insular Southeast Asia, the development of Muslim polities, reactions to colonialism, and transnational critiques of everyday praxis. It will also evaluate the role of indigenous informants in creating the body of knowledge about Islam in Southeast Asia among scholars, and look at how that knowledge informs our present day discourse on Southeast Asia and its relations with the rest of the Muslim World.
1627	HIS	518	S07-08		Gender and Imperialism	The seminar examines how gender¿an analytic but by no means necessarily a subjectively descriptive concept¿is imbricated with other analytic categories such as class, race, generation, nation, tribe, religion. We will look at motives, practices & contradictions among imperial powers¿Europe and the US. We will spend most of our time, however,on stories of colonized peoples¿the way gender works through & affects their social, economic & political structures;& not less important, how gender works in anti-colonial, nationalist movements. We will pay particularly close attention to the methods scholars employ to develop evidence of the experiences
1628	HIS	530	S07-08		Modern China	This seminar will introduce the techniques and sources for researching the society, culture and politics of treaty port cities from the late nineteenth to the mid-twentieth centuries.  In-class activity will consist of student presentations of useful collections and genres available in the Gest Library, followed by close reading of a pre-assigned document.  Documents will be drawn from treaty-port newspapers, translations of scientific texts, sight-seeing guidebooks, government reports, and visual sources such as woodblock prints and cartoons.
1629	HIS	542	S07-08		Problems in Byzantine History: Rethinking the 11th Century in Byzantium	The eleventh century is now generally seen as a period of economic expansion but political and military collapse.  Is this justified?  This course will re-examine the key sources for the period to see how far this picture is correct.
1630	HIS	543	S07-08		The Origins of the Middle Ages	Reading and research on the transition of ancient into medieval society, religion, and culture are the focus of this course.
1631	HIS	551	S07-08		Problems in 19th-Century French History	Readings and research in the social and political history of twentieth-century France are the focus of this course.  Topics include:  the foundation of the Third Republic, the two world wars, occupation and resistance, empire and decolonization, the making of a new France in the aftermath of World War II, 1968, and problems of immigration.
1632	HIS	554	S07-08		Europe Since 1939	A survey of the literature on major developments in Europe since the outbreak of the Second World War, giving equal treatment to events in Eastern and Western Europe. Course examines topics such as Second World War, occupation and resistance; postwar reconstruction and the international framework of the Cold War; decolonization; the "Golden Sixties," protest in the east and west; the effects of oil shocks, global economic integration, and the overthrow of communist regimes.
1633	HIS	569	S07-08		Expanding British History: Seas, Nations and Empires: 1680 to 1830	This reading course situates 17th, 18th and early 19th century British history in a broader European, imperial and world setting.  It addresses issues of war and competing nationalisms; Britain's role as a European power and in an Atlantic community; expanding maritime and global connections; and the changing domestic impact of British imperialism.
1634	HIS	588	S07-08		Readings in American History: The Early Republic through Reconstruction, 1815-1877	This course provides a comprehensive introduction to the literature and problems of American history from the Era of Good Feelings to the conclusion of the Civil War and Reconstruction.
1635	HLS	101	S07-08		Elementary Modern Greek I	To set the foundations for acquiring a command of spoken and written Modern Greek. Equal emphasis will be given to speaking, reading, and writing.
1636	HLS	102	S07-08		Elementary Modern Greek II	To provide the basis for acquiring a command of written and spoken Modern Greek.
1637	HLS	105	S07-08		Intermediate Modern Greek	To improve the students' oral and written skills and introduce them to themes in the Hellenic tradition through readings in Modern Greek literature.
1638	HLS	107	S07-08		Advanced Modern Greek	Advanced composition and oral practice aimed at developing idiomatic written and spoken style. Discussions entirely in Greek.  Introduces students to contemporary Greek culture and literature through the study of works by Cavafy, Sikelianos, Seferis, Elytis, Ritsos, and Anagnostakis, among others.  Readings from articles on current Greek topics.  Four classes.
1639	HOS	593	S07-08		Science from the Enlightenment to the Present: Models and Modeling, From the Armillary Sphere to the Computer	A study of the developing role of models and modeling in scientific inquiry from Antiquity to the present.
1640	HOS	595	S07-08		Introductory Colloquium in the History of Science II	This course is designed to introduce beginning graduate students to the central problems and principle literature of the history of science from the Enlightenment into the 20th century.
1641	HUM	218	S07-08	LA	From the Renaissance to the Modern Period: Literature and the Arts	This team-taught double course is the second part of an intensive four-course, interdisciplinary introduction to Western culture that includes history, religion, philosophy, literature and the arts.  It examines European texts, events and artifacts from classical antiquity and the Bible through the Middle Ages.  Spring continues from the Renaissance to the modern period.  Readings and discussions are complemented by films, concerts, museum visits and specialevents.  Although most students will have already taken 216 - 217,  it is possible for students to join at this point, if they have a strong background in antiquity and the Middle Ages.
1642	HUM	219	S07-08	EC	From the Renaissance to the Modern Period: History, Philosophy, and Religion	In combination with 218, this is the second half of a year-long interdisciplinary sequence exploring Western culture from the 15th to the 20th centuries. Students must register for [BOTH] HUM 218 [and] HUM 219. Prerequisite: 216-217 or instructor's permission.
1643	HUM	234	S07-08	EM	East Asian Humanities II: Tradition and Transformation	This is the second half of a two-semester sequence introducing the humanities in East Asia.  The course takes up in the fourteenth century, to study literature, the arts, philosophy and religion in China, Japan and Korea.  Lectures are given by specialists in the the departments of East Asian Studies, Comparative Literature, Art and Archaeology and Religious Studies.  Lectures and classes are complemented by museum visits, performances and films.  The course is organized thematically rather than chronologically, and topics range from the medieval to the post-modern.
1644	ITA	102	S07-08		Beginner's Italian II	Further study of Italian grammar and syntax with increased emphasis on vocabulary and idiomatic expressions. Skills in speaking and writing (as well as understanding) modern Italian will also be further developed.  Some aspects of Italian culture and civilization will be touched upon.
1645	ITA	208	S07-08		Introduction to Italy Today	This course is designed to familiarize the student with major features of contemporary Italy and its culture.  Its purpose is to develop the student's ability to communicate effectively in present-day Italy.  The course emphasizes Italian social, political, and economic institutions, doing so through the analysis of cultural and social differences between Italians and Americans in such everyday concerns as money, work and leisure.
1646	ITA	302	S07-08	LA	Topics in Medieval Italian Literature and Culture: Petrarch and Boccaccio	Petrarch and Boccaccio are viewed as founders of, respectively, the lyric and narrative genres in the Italian tradition, and as fundamental authors of the European literary canon. The course will first focus on Petrarch's introspective love poems of the "Canzoniere" and on some of his letters,  including one to Boccaccio, that document his pivotal role in the intellectual history of western civilization. Next, the course will concentrate on the deeply human short stories of Boccaccio's "Decameron" analyzed within the fourteenth century social and cultural milieu. We will also explore Decameron's influence on the European narrative tradition.
1647	ITA	306	S07-08	LA	The Italian Renaissance: Literature and Society	This course will introduce students to the basic trends and problems of Renaissance literature as the main source of our civilization.  The major literary figures of the 16th-century Italian revival (such as Machiavelli, Ariosto, Castiglione, Michelangelo, etc.) will be studied in relation to their time, the courts or the cities where they lived, and their seminal contributions to modern Europe culture including works of visual art, theater, and good living.
1648	ITA	319	S07-08	LA	The Literature of Gastronomy	This course studies Italian novels and poems in English translation, works of visual art, and films which thematize food as reality and metaphor, examining how eating functions within ideological and mythological structures of modern society. Topics will include 'Futurist' cuisine as an aesthetic experience and a prophetic vision, writing during the war, and sublime and erotic cuisine. Precepts in English and Italian.
1649	ITA	1027	S07-08		Intensive Intermediate and Advanced Italian	Italian 102-7 is an intensive double credit course designed to help students develop an active command of the language.  Reading comprehension and oral proficiency as well as reading skills and grammatical accuracy will be developed through various activities.  A solid grammatical basis and awareness of the idiomatic usage of the language will be emphasized.  Students will be familiarized with various cultural aspects of Italy through readings, cultural videos, and films.
1650	JDS	303	S07-08		Elementary Biblical Hebrew II	Students will achieve a basic ability to read the Hebrew Bible/Old Testament in its original language. During the semester, students will continue studying grammar and developing vocabulary.  Upon completing the grammar textbook, students will read large passages from the Bible from all genres.
1651	JDS	315	S07-08	SA	The Family in Jewish Tradition	This seminar will examine the historic flexibility and variability of the Jewish family in the context of selected times and places: Biblical period, early Common Era Diaspora, 20th Century Europe, contemporary United States and Israel. The major emphasis in this course will be on the different protocols and forms that may collectively be called the "Jewish Family."
1652	JDS	316	S07-08	EM	The Ten Commandments in Modern America	In contemporary America, few issues are as hotly debated as religion, especially when it comes to the Ten Commandments.   Drawing on literature and the media (both old and new), the arts and the law, this course contextualizes and historicizes the current debate, which has reached all the way to the U.S. Supreme Court.  It explores the variety of ways in which this ancient text has left its mark on America of the 20th and 21st centuries.
1653	JDS	353	S07-08	LA	Music and Jewish Identity: Tradition, Assimilation, and Innovation from Ancient to Modern Times	In this seminar, we will explore the complex role that music has played in the formation and expression of Jewish cultural and religious identity.  We will consider not only music performed within liturgical settings both historically and in modern times, but also the ways in which a sense of Jewishness has shaped and continues to shape the composition, performance, and reception of a variety of musical styles, including popular music, music for the concert hall, music for theater and film, jazz, and folk music.
1654	JDS	372	S07-08	HA	God's Body: Hebrew Bible, Rabbinic Literature, and Jewish Mysticism	It is widely accepted today that the Jewish conception of God is of an incorporeal entity.  This, however, was not always the case.  This course will survey a dominant view in pre-modern Jewish thought that understands God as embodied and, indeed, possessing a human form.  Beginning with the Hebrew Bible, and working through classical rabbinic texts and early Jewish mysticism (including the Kabbalah), we will explore the theological significance of God's body: its relation to different Jewish doctrines of human existence, its significance for the Jewish ritual commandments, and its implications for divine and human gender and sexuality.
1655	JDS	381	S07-08	HA	The Biblical King David - Between Myth and History	Shepherd, hero; bandit, international power; musical therapist, prophetic liturgist; home-wrecker, dynastic and cultic founder--David plays the Bible's richest role. Yet far from confirming his monumental accomplishments, archaeology barely acknowledges his very existence. We will explore these two poles and the historiographical space between them.
1656	JPN	102	S07-08		Elementary Japanese II	Continuation of JPN 101, which emphasizes the basic four skills to achieve survival proficiency level.
1657	JPN	107	S07-08		Intermediate Japanese II	The course aims at a thorough mastery of modern colloquial Japanese by consistent review and reinforcement of major grammatical points covered in JPN 101, 102, and 105.  It is also intended to give students advanced vocabulary and expressions through aural-oral drills, readings, and written exercises.  Emphasis will increasingly be on reading, but oral work will still comprise fundamental aspect of the course.
1658	JPN	302	S07-08		Advanced Japanese II	The course is designed to further students proficiency in four skills aiming at ACTFL-ETS advanced level.
1659	JPN	306	S07-08		Integrative Advanced Japanese II	Four skills approach to advanced Japanese with a focus on reading, writing, speaking and listening.
1660	JPN	402	S07-08		Readings in Modern Japanese II	One or two short novels will be used to read  for critical thinking.  Reading is under focus but speaking, listening and writing (including translation) are intensively practiced.
1661	JPN	404	S07-08		Readings in Classical Japanese	Selections from outstanding works of Classical Japanese prose and verse from Nara to early Showa period, particularly in the genres of history, philosophy, and poetry. Text: Manyoshu, Tale of Heike, Tamakatsuma etc.
1662	JRN	240	S07-08	LA	Creative Non-Fiction	This is a course in factual writing and what has become known as literary nonfiction, emphasizing writing assignments and including several reading assignments from the work of John McPhee and others. Enrollment is limited to 16 second-year students, by application only. One three-hour seminar.
1663	JRN	400	S07-08	LA	The Media in America	This seminar will discuss such topics as secrecy, national security, and a free press; reputation, privacy, and the public's right to know; muckraking and the "establishment" press; spin and manipulation; the rise of blogging; the economic impact of technological change on the news business.
1664	JRN	440	S07-08	LA	The Literature of Fact	There are two kinds of reporters -- those who want to cover the stories everyone is covering -- the White House, the Super Bowl, whether or not Lindsey or Britney are in rehab -- and those who want to cover the stories no one is covering.  This course focuses on the stories at the edges or in the shadows of big events and those that remain largely out of sight.
1665	JRN	452	S07-08		Journalism on the Screen: The Muli-Platform Journalist	This course focuses on the multi-platform journalist.  It explores the opportunities -- and challenges -- confronting a 21st century news reporter in a world of Web 2.0 and broadband.  We'll create features using blogs, videos, flash animation, slide shows, radio stories, and a collective website.  We'll learn which platform works best for different types of stories and get real--world advice from some of the best journalists working in the electronic media.
1666	JRN	460	S07-08	EM	Ethical Issues in Journalism:  Journalistic Fraud	This seminar explores what the press can and cannot expect to achieve in its professed quest for objective truth.  Journalistic fraud will be taken seriously as an ethical breach - and one that threatens the legitimacy of a crucial democratic institution - but students will be challenged to test the assumptions that underlie this approach.  In particular, the class will examine skeptically the bright lines that assertedly separate unethical journalism from acceptable practices.
1667	KOR	102	S07-08		Elementary Korean II	A continuation of KOR 101.  Continued develoment of proficiency in basic communication.  Students who complete class 2.0 with excellence may be recommended for KOR 301.
1668	KOR	107	S07-08		Intermediate Korean II	A continuation of KOR 105.  Continued development of four skills (speaking, listening, reading, and writing) in Korean.  Complex grammatical structures and irregularities will be taught while the basics are reviewed. Idiomatic expressions will be introduced; journals will be kept for writing practice.
1669	KOR	302	S07-08		Advanced Korean II	A continuation of KOR 301. Continued development of proficiency in speaking and reading through class discussion and short readings. Vocabulary learning and discourse skills are emphasized.
1670	KOR	402	S07-08	LA	Contemporary Korean Language and Culture II	Reading and discussion of Korean thoughts and issues in contemporary Korea. Readings drawn from a variety of cultural and historical topics. Class discussions will be conducted in Korean.
1671	LAS	402	S07-08	HA	Latin American Studies Seminar: Human Rights Activism in Latin America, 1970s-1990s	Focusing on Argentina, Chile, and Uruguay, this course examines the birth and development of movements that protested human rights violations by right-wing authoritarian regimes in the 1970s, 1980s, and 1990s. We will explore some of the basic concerns that scholars have raised about authoritarianism in late twentieth-century South America. The class will also analyze the first efforts at denunciation launched by political exiles and transnational networks, the formation of groups of victims' relatives, the role of human rights claims, and the ways in which the post-transitional democratic governments faced these calls for accountability.
1672	LAS	404	S07-08		Latin American Studies Seminar: The Politics of Constitutional Change in Latin America	The purpose of this seminar is to analyze the politics of constitutional change from a theoretical and comparative perspective. We will discuss different approaches to constitutional stability and change and apply them to explain selected cases of constitutional reform in Latin America. The seminar is divided into three sections: concepts and approaches, institutional design and variation, and constitution making episodes. We conclude with a discussion about the impact of constitutional design on democratic performance.
1673	LAT	102	S07-08		Beginner's Latin Continued: Basic Prose	Continues Latin grammar from LAT 101.  The second half of the semester will be devoted to reading continuous Latin poetry and prose.
1674	LAT	103	S07-08		Latin:  An Intensive Introduction	This is an intensive introduction to the Latin language:  Latin 103 covers the material of Latin 101-102 in a shorter time through increased class time and drills.  Students completing the course will be prepared to take Latin 105.
1675	LAT	108	S07-08		The Origins of Rome: Livy and Vergil	We will read selections from Livy and Vergil, the masters of prose and poetry respectively in the period of Augustus.  Our objectives are: to develop the ability to read Latin with greater ease and enjoyment; to improve sight-reading skills; to experience the artistry of Latin prose and poetry; and to examine some of the questions associated with the Romans' interpretation of their history.
1676	LAT	204	S07-08	HA	Seminar: Cosmology in Roman Epic	We will read selected passages, dealing with the origins of the universe and the development of Roman civilization, from the epic poetry of Lucretius, Virgil, and Ovid. We focus on reading of the original text, and discuss questions of interpretation as we move along (supported by very modest assignments of secondary literature). Students will acquire familiarity with the style and vocabulary of Roman epic, and with ancient ideas about cosmology.
1677	LAT	232	S07-08	LA	Introduction to Medieval Latin	Selections from outstanding works of Latin prose and poetry from Late Antiquity to the Twelfth-Century Renaissance, particularly in the genres of history, legend, biography, and lyric. Our emphasis will be on the authors' influential representations of ideals of heroism and holiness, with special attention to the transmission and reception of the heroic literature and values of classical Antiquity.
1678	LAT	334	S07-08	LA	Vergil's <I>Eclogues</I> and <I>Georgics</I>	Critical reading and literary analysis of Vergil's cycle of 10 pastoral poems ([Eclogues]) and of his poem on Nature and Farming ([Georgics]).
1679	LAT	339	S07-08	HA	Roman Historians of the Empire	We will read the accounts of the reign of Rome's second emperor, Tiberius, by the historian Tacitus and the biographer Suetonius.
1680	LIN	201	S07-08	EC	Introduction to Language and Linguistics	The eyes may be the mirror of the soul, but language is the mirror of the mind.  Linguists study the structure of language to understand the complex computations that we do unconsciously every time we speak or comprehend utterances.  An introduction to the scientific analysis of human language, including the study of sound patterns, word formation, sentence structure, language universals, and the mental representation of linguistic knowledge.
1681	LIN	212	S07-08	EC	Human Language: A User's Guide	Where does language come from?  How do we know that you can't say it that way?  And who has the authority to tell you?  Why are some sentences better than others?  Why do the same words differently organized have different effects?  This course is about human language, its nature, use, users, & origin, based primarily on English.  A major focus: how an understanding of the structure of your language can be used as a tool for improving writing & reading skills.  Major topics include the structure of sentences & paragraphs (& of poetry), the structure of words & their uses, language & thought, & the historical & biological origins of language.
1682	LIN	216	S07-08	EC	Language, Mind, and Brain	This course introduces students to the basic theoretical ideas, experimental techniques and findings, major controversies, and basic concepts of the psychology of language.
1683	LIN	301	S07-08	EC	Phonetics and Phonology	Why does the accent move around in the words "finite", "infinite", "infinity", "infinitesimal", "infiniteness"?  Could "tqnqnk" be a word in some human language? (Yes.) Phonologists study such facts to determine what a possible sound system is and the unconscious computations people perform in order to speak and comprehend utterances.  A basic but fairly technical introduction to the science of speech sounds: their articulation, acoustic properties, and mental representation.  Data and problems from diverse languages.
1684	LIN	302	S07-08	EC	Syntax	How are words put together into a sentence whose interpretation goes beyond the meanings of the individual words it contains?  This course investigates the mechanisms for sentence construction, the general principles that restrict their operation and output, and how syntactic structures support semantic interpretation (e.g. why [himself] must refer to [John] while [him] cannot in [John introduced himself to him]).
1685	LIN	306	S07-08	EC	The Structure and Meaning of Words	The course will treat the structure of words and the structure of the overall lexicon for human languages.  Topics included will be: the rules of word formation; the relation between syntax and the lexicon; the psychology of the lexicon, including an examination of studies of the storage and access of lexical items; the semantics of complex words; the phonology of word formation; lexical redundancy and the learning of the lexicon.  Students will prepare one short class presentation on a topics in consultation with the instructor.
1686	LIN	360	S07-08	EC	Linguistic Universals and Language Diversity	The study of human language from the perspective of linguistic universals.  This course will demonstrate that, contrary to initial impressions, languages of the world do not differ arbitrarily and without limit.  All human languages share a common core (universals).  We must explain why there are linguistic universals and how languages can differ (diversity).
1687	MAE	206	S07-08	QR	Introduction to Engineering Dynamics	Formulation and solution of equations governing the dynamic behavior of engineering systems.  Fundamental principles of Newtonian mechanics.  Two and three dimensional kinematics and kinetics of particles and rigid bodies.  Motion relative to moving reference frames.  Impulse-momentum and work-energy relations.  Free and forced vibrations of mechanical systems.  Introduction to dynamic analysis of mechanical devices and systems.
1688	MAE	222	S07-08		Mechanics of Fluids	Introduction to the physical and analytical description of phenomena associated with the flow of fluids.  Topics include the principles of conservation of mass, momentum and energy; lift and drag; open channel flow; dynamic similitude; laminar and turbulent flow.
1689	MAE	224	S07-08	ST	Integrated Engineering Science Laboratory	Students will conduct a series of prepared experiments throughout the year that will culminate in an independent project of the students' design involving fluid mechanics, thermodynamics and data acquisition tools.  Preliminary experiments focus on pressure and Bernoulli's equation.  Concepts learned will be applied in subsequent labs involving expanding flows and lift and drag measurements.  Experiments will include internal and external viscous flows.  Digital electronics including combinatorial and sequential logic, analog-to-digital conversion, digital-to-analog conversion, digital telemetry.  Coupled oscillators will be covered.
1690	MAE	305	S07-08	QR	Mathematics in Engineering I	A treatment of the theory of ordinary differential equations.  The objective is to provide the student with an ability to solve standard problems in this field.
1691	MAE	306	S07-08		Mathematics in Engineering II	The course is an introduction to partial differential equations with emphasis on their solution by separation of variables and transform methods.  The material covered includes solution of two point boundary value problems and Sturm-Liouville theory.  Additionally, the course will introduce the theory of complex variables leading to its application for evaluating integrals by methods of contour integration, and using conformal mapping techniques to solve harmonic problems.
1692	MAE	322	S07-08		Mechanical Design	This course builds on the technical foundations established in MAE 321, and extends the scope to include the various technical and business components that support the complete design cycle.  The concept of entrepreneurial design will be introduced and developed along with the supporting elements of market analysis and positioning, manufacture and delivery, distribution, and basic finance and forecasting.  Emphasis will be placed on dealing with the continuous and myriad tradeoffs that occur when cost and technology are coupled.  Impact of globalization will be discussed.  (Description continued in "Other Information")
1693	MAE	328	S07-08		Energy for a Greenhouse-Constrained World	This course addresses, in technical detail, the challenge of changing the future global energy system to accommodate constraints on the atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration. Energy production strategies are emphasized, including renewable energy, nuclear fission and fusion, the capture and storage of fossil-fuel carbon, and hydrogen and low-carbon fuels.  Efficient energy use is also considered, as well as intersections of energy with economic development, international security, local environmental quality, and human behavior and values. Two 90-minute lectures.  Prerequisites: Freshmen level physics
1694	MAE	340	S07-08		Independent Work	Student selects subject and advisor - defines problem to be studied and proposes work plan.  A list of possible subjects of particular interest to faculty and staff members is provided.  Written report and poster session at end of semester to faculty, staff, fellow students and guests.  Independent work is intended for juniors or seniors doing only a one term project.  339 Fall Term project; 340 Spring Term project.
1695	MAE	340D	S07-08		Independent Work with Design	Course similar to MAE 339-340.  Principal difference is that the project must incorporate aspects and principals of design for a system, product, vehicle, device, apparatus, or other design element.  Written report and poster session at end of semester to faculty, staff, fellow students and guests.  Independent work with design is intended for juniors or seniors doing only a one term project.  339D Fall Term project; 340D Spring Term project.
1696	MAE	342	S07-08		Space System Design	This course examines the design of launch vehicles and spacecraft, including the impacts of the atmosphere and the space environment on requirements and configurations.  The principals and design aspects of the structure, propulsion, power, thermal, communication, and control subsystems are studied.   The course also introduces historical antecedents, systems engineering, project management, manufacturing and test, mission operations, mission design, and space policy.
1697	MAE	412	S07-08		Microprocessors for Measurement and Control	Introduction to microcomputers for measurement and control.  This is a hardware course in the area of electro mechanical systems. Students design and build microcomputer controllers and apply them to the automation of various aspects of a model railroad.
1698	MAE	423	S07-08		Heat Transfer	This course will cover fundamentals of heat transfer and applications to practical problems in energy conversion and conservation, electronics, and biological systems.  Emphasis will be on developing a physical and analytical understanding of conductive, convective, and radiative heat transfer, as well as design of heat exchangers and heat transfer with phase change.  Students will develop an ability to apply governing principles and physical intuition to solve problems.
1699	MAE	426	S07-08		Rocket and Air-Breathing Propulsion Technology	The study of principles, flight envelopes, and engine designs of rocket and ram/scramjet propulsion systems.  Topics include jet propulsion theory, space mission maneuver, combustion control, and system components of chemical and non-chemical rockets (nuclear and electrical propulsion), gas turbine, ramjet, and scramjet engines.  Characteristics, optimal flight envelopes, and technical challenges of combined propulsion systems will be analyzed.
1700	MAE	433	S07-08		Automatic Control Systems	To develop an understanding of feedback principles in the control of physical systems and to gain experience in analyzing and designing control systems.
1701	MAE	436	S07-08		Special Topics in Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering: Global Technology	An introduction to key ideas in science, technology, humanities, and social sciences that are relevant to global development. The course will highlight essential needs in the rural environment and consider how to develop environmentally-friendly scientific and technological solutions to satisfy these needs. The course will also examine the potential role of global technology in the development of rural and urban areas within the developing world.  Morning lectures will be followed by field activities and group projects. The course will be taught at the Mpala Research Center as part of the Tropical Biology Program in Kenya.
1702	MAE	440	S07-08		Senior Project	The senior project is a year long independent study intended for students who choose to work in teams of two or more.  Work begins in the fall, but enrollment is only in spring term when a double grade is awarded. Groups develop their own topic or select a topic from a list of topics prepared by the faculty.  Groups develop a work plan and select an advisor and a second reader for their work.  A written progress report is expected at the end of the fall term. Groups submit a written final report and make an oral presentation to faculty, staff, fellow students, and guests at the end of the spring term.
1703	MAE	440D	S07-08		Senior Project with Design	Similar to 440 with the principal difference that the team or group project must incorporate aspects and principals of design, whether for a system, product, vehicle, device, software, or apparatus.  The year-long senior project with design may be used to satisfy a portion of  the department's design requirement.
1704	MAE	442	S07-08		Senior Thesis	The senior thesis is an independent study for individual students. Work begins in the fall, but enrollment is only in spring term when a double grade is awarded.  Students develop their own topic or select a topic from a list of topics prepared by the faculty.  Students develop a work plan and select an advisor and a second reader for their work.  A written progress report is expected at the end of the fall term. Students submit a written final report and make an oral presentation to faculty, staff, fellow students, and guests at the end of the spring term.
1705	MAE	442D	S07-08		Senior Thesis with Design	Similar to 442 with the principal difference that the thesis must incorporate aspects and principals of design, whether for a system, product, vehicle, device, software, or apparatus.  The year-long senior thesis with design may be used to satisfy a portion of the department's design requirement.
1706	MAE	502	S07-08		Mathematical Methods of Engineering Analysis II	A complementary presentation of theory, analytical methods, and numerical methods.  The objective is to impart a set of capabilities commonly used in the research areas represented in the Department and more broadly in engineering and the physical and biological sciences.  Standard computational packages will be made available in the courses, and assignments will be designed to use them.  Topics will include Complex variables, PDE, Fourier and Laplace Transforms, and a brief introduction to numerical methods.
1707	MAE	528	S07-08		Physics of Plasma Propulsion	Focus of this course is on fundamental processes in plasma thrusters for spacecraft propulsion with emphasis on recent research findings.  Start with a review of the fundamentals of mass, momentum & energy transport in collisional plasmas, wall effects, & collective (wave) effects, & derive a generalized Ohm's law useful for discussing various plasma thruster concepts.  Move to detailed discussions of the acceleration & dissipation mechanisms in Hall thrusters, magnetoplasmadynamic thrusters, pulsed plasma thrusters,  & inductive plasma thrusters, & derive expressions for the propulsive efficiencies of each of these concepts.
1708	MAE	530	S07-08		Advanced Topics in Applied Physics II: Methods of Molecular Detection Through Spectroscopy	This course will present the challenges of molecular detection & various spectroscopy based approaches that have been & are being developed to answer these challenges.  The emphasis will be on the detection of species in the atmosphere & on surfaces exposed to the atmosphere for the detection of pollutants, greenhouse gases & trace species associated with explosives, hazardous chemicals & biological substances including gases of medical interest. Measurement approaches for both local sampling & stand off detection will be discussed. The course will include guest lectures from leaders in the development of the respective technologies.
1709	MAE	532	S07-08		Combustion Theory	Theoretical aspects of combustion: the conservation equations of chemically-reacting flows; activation energy asymptotics; chemical and dynamic structures of laminar premixed and nonpremixed flames; aerodynamics and stabilization of flames; pattern formation and geometry of flame surfaces; ignition, extinction, and flammability phenomena; turbulent combustion; boundary layer combustion; droplet, particle, and spray combustion; and detonation and flame stabilization in supersonic flows.
1710	MAE	552	S07-08		Viscous Flows and Boundary Layers	An introduction to the mechanics of viscous flows.  The kinematics and dynamics of viscous flows.  Some solutions of the Navier Stokes equations.  The behavior of vorticity.  The boundary layer approximation.  The laminar boundary layer with and without pressure gradient.  Separation.  Integral relations and approximate methods.  Compressible laminar boundary layers.  Introduction to instability and transition.  Turbulent free shear flows.  Turbulent boundary layers.  Effects of Reynolds number.  Bluff body flows.
1711	MAE	557	S07-08		Simulation and Modeling of Fluid Flows	Numerical methods are applied to solve the equations that govern fluid motion.  Fluid flow problems involve convection, diffusion, and source terms.  The governing equations are non-linear and coupled.  Finite-difference and finite volume methods are considered, together with concepts of accuracy, consistency, stability, convergence, conservation, and shock capturing.  A range of current methods is reviewed with emphasis on multidimensional steady and unsteady compressible flows.  Homework topics include writing codes to solve the conservation equation for a scalar, boundary layer flow, shock tube flow, application to curvilinear coordinates.
1712	MAE	570	S07-08		Advanced Topics in Materials and Mechanical Systems II: Laser interactions and processing of materials	An intermediate/advance course on the principles and applications of laser-material interactions for the processing of solid and multiphase materials.  Topics include a review of laser-material interactions including thermal, photophysical, and photochemical processes, temperature distributions and surface melting, material removal, material deposition, and material modifications.  Applications will focus on those employing pulsed laser techniques, including nanosecond and femtosecond sources
1713	MAE	598	S07-08		Graduate Seminar in Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering	A seminar of graduate students and staff presenting the results of their research and recent advances in flight, space, and surface transportation; fluid mechanics; energy conversion; propulsion; combustion; environmental studies; applied physics; and materials sciences. There is one seminar per week and participation at presentations by distinguished outside speakers.
1714	MAT	102	S07-08	QR	Calculus	Continuation of MAT 101.  Methods of integration, computing areas and volumes, infinite series, etc.  MAT 102 is slower paced and less in-depth than MAT 103, although the same basic topics are covered.
1715	MAT	104	S07-08	QR	Calculus	The object of the course is mastery of the calculus of one variable and skill in solving calculus problems with understanding and efficiency.
1716	MAT	200	S07-08	QR	Linear Algebra and Multivariable Calculus for Economists	Systems of linear equations, Gaussian elimination, matrices, and determinants.  Differential multivariable calculus.  Constrained optimization, and the Kuhn-Tucker conditions.
1717	MAT	201	S07-08	QR	Multivariable Calculus	Vectors in the plane and in the space, vector functions and motion, surfaces, coordinate systems, functions of two or three variables and their derivatives, maxima and minima and applications, double and triple integrals, vector fields and Stoke's theorem.
1718	MAT	202	S07-08	QR	Linear Algebra with Applications	Euclidean spaces, vector spaces, systems of linear equations, matrices and linear transformations, determinants, orthogonality, Eigen values and applications to systems of differential equations, symmetric matrices and Quadratic forms.
1719	MAT	203	S07-08	QR	Advanced Multivariable Calculus	This course is an introduction to multivariable calculus and its applications.  Its goal is to cover the fundamental results of Vector Calculus known as Green's, Stokes' and Gauss' theorems, and to show how to use them to solve problems.  We attempt to explain the theory behind the techniques so that "WHY" they work is understood.  The level of rigor is midway between MAT 201 and 217.  The course is designed for science and engineering students with a good mathematical aptitude and for mathematicians with applied math interests.
1720	MAT	204	S07-08	QR	Advanced Linear Algebra with Applications	This is the linear algebra part of the MAT 203-204 sequence, which is harder and more theoretical than the 201-202 sequence.
1721	MAT	214	S07-08	QR	Numbers, Equations, and Proofs	An introduction to classical number theory, to prepare for higher-level courses in the department.  Topics include Pythagorean triples and sums of squares, unique factorization, Chinese remainder theorem, arithmetic of Gaussian integers, finite fields and cryptography, arithmetic functions and quadratic reciprocity.  There will be a topic, chosen by the instructor, from more advanced or more applied number theory:  possibilities include p-adic numbers, cryptography, and Fermat's Last Theorem.  This course is suitable both for students preparing to enter the Mathematics Department and for non-majors interested in exposure to higher mathematics
1722	MAT	215	S07-08	QR	Analysis in a Single Variable	The rigorous epsilon-delta treatment of limits, convergence, and uniform convergence of sequences and series.  Continuity, uniform continuity, and differentiability of functions.  The Heine-Borel Theorem. The Rieman integral, conditions for integrability of a function and term by term differentiation and integration of series of functions, Taylor's Theorem.
1723	MAT	217	S07-08	QR	Honors Linear Algebra	Rigorous introduction to linear algebra and matrices, with emphasis on proofs rather than on applications.
1724	MAT	218	S07-08	QR	Analysis in Several Variables	Rigorous introduction to calculus in several variables.
1725	MAT	304	S07-08	QR	Introduction to Partial Differential Equations	Despite the title, this will not be a course on PDEs.  It will be a course on dynamical systems.  It will address the question: given a dynamical system, what can be said about its orbits?  Emphasis will be placed son systems arising in classical mechanics.  It is known that in many cases, chaotic orbits and regular orbits exist side-by-side.  Methods of proving the existence of each type of orbit will be discussed, with emphasis on variational methods.  Prerequisite:  MAT 303.
1726	MAT	306	S07-08	QR	Introduction to Graph Theory	This course will cover the fundamental theorems and algorithms of graph theory. The main topics are: connectivity, matchings, graph coloring, planarity, the four-color theorem, extremal problems, network flows, and related algorithms.
1727	MAT	307	S07-08		Combinatorial Mathematics	307 introduces students to Combinatorics, a fundamental mathematical discipline as well as an essential component of many mathematical areas.  While in the past many of the basic combinatorial results were obtained by ingenuity and detailed reasoning, modern theory has grown out of this early stage and relies on deep, well-developed tools.  The course covers over a dozen virtually independent topics including Ramsey Theory, Turan Theorem and Extremal Graph Theory, Probabilistic Arguments, Algebraic Methods and Spectral Techniques, chosen to illustrate several such techniques.  This is a fun course, showcasing the gems of modern Combinatorics.
1728	MAT	308	S07-08		Theory of Games	The mathematical concept of a game is an abstraction which encompasses conflict-cooperation situations in which strategy (not just chance) plays a role.  Central topics of the theory and some of its applications will be discussed.
1729	MAT	312	S07-08	QR	Mathematical Logic	Propositional and predicate calculus.  Godel completeness theorem.  Finitary methods. Godel incompleteness theorem.
1730	MAT	317	S07-08	QR	Complex Analysis with Applications	Calculus of functions of one complex variable, power series expansions, residues, and conformal mapping.  Although the theory will be given adequate treatment, the emphasis of this course is the use of complex analysis as a tool for solving problems.
1731	MAT	323	S07-08	QR	Algebra	Algebra & Applications:  To develop curiousity about algebraic structures by exploring examples that connect to higher mathematics and to applications in computer science, the natural sciences and  electrical engineering.  This is an undergrad course for sophomores and juniors  The only prereq. is a solid understanding of linear algebra.  There will be opportunities for a student to explore an advanced topic in great depth, possibly for a junior project.    For the syllabus, follow the link under "Related Web Site" (www.math.princeton.edu/menusa/index3.html -- near the bottom of the page)
1732	MAT	324	S07-08		Topics in Algebra	Continuation of algebra, with emphasis on advanced topics in Galois theory, and the theory of local fields.
1733	MAT	325	S07-08	QR	Topology	An introduction to point set topology, the fundamental group, covering spaces, methods of calculation and applications.
1734	MAT	328	S07-08	QR	Differential Geometry	Differential geometry is at the basis of modern physical theories, not only of general relativity, Einstein's geometric theory of gravitation, but also of the gauge theories of electromagnetic and nuclear interactions. The aim of the course is to develop a working knowledge of the fundamental concept of differential geometry and of their physical realizations.
1735	MAT	330	S07-08		Analysis I: Fourier Series and Partial Differential Equations	Basic facts about Fourier series, Fourier transforms, and applications to the classical partial differential equations will be covered.  Also Fast Fourier Transforms, finite Fourier series, Dirichlet characters, and applications to properties of primes.
1736	MAT	332	S07-08		Analysis III: Integration Theory and Hilbert Space	The theory of Lebesgue integration in n-dimensional space.  Differentiation theory.  Hilbert space theory and applications to Fourier transforms, and partial differential equations.  Introduction to fractals.
1737	MAT	391	S07-08		Random Processes	(1) Wiener measure. (2) Stochastic differential equations. (3) Markov diffusion processes. (4) Linear theory of stationary processes. (5) Ergodicity, mixing, central limit theorem of processes, Gibbs random field.  If time permits, the theory of products of random matrices and PDE with random coefficients will be discussed.
1738	MAT	404	S07-08		Advanced Topics in Algebra	This course will focus on the main features of class field theory for algebraic number fields and its applications.  Class field theory completely describes the abelian extensions of number fields.  It is one of the great achievements of algebraic number theory and an indispensable tool of modern number theory.  Prerequisites of the course:  A knowledge of algebra at the MAT 322 level, 324 (rings, modules, Galois theory) and a familiarity with basic algebraic number theory (number fields, their integer rings, unique factorization of ideals).
1739	MAT	405	S07-08		Advanced Topics in Geometry	The course is titled "Geometry of Simple Groups".  The finite simple groups were classified by two decades ago, many of them only hving been discovered in the few previous decades.  We still have no clue why they're there.  However, it's clear that the best way to study most of them is through the geometrical objects they fix.  Course will describe many of these and use some of them to prove that the appropriate groups exist.
1740	MAT	504	S07-08		Selected Topics in Logic	This course covers areas of current interest in mathematical logic.
1741	MAT	526	S07-08		Fourier Analysis on Euclidean Spaces	TBA
1742	MAT	530	S07-08		Several Complex Variables and Partial Differential Equations	TBA
1743	MAT	536	S07-08		Nonlinear Wave Equations	This course will continue in the form of a student seminar.  We will discuss topics concerning General Relativity and classical fields.  Professor Selberg has agreed to give a series of lectures on his recent work on the Maxwell-Dirac equations.
1744	MAT	550	S07-08		Differential Geometry	TBA
1745	MAT	552	S07-08		Riemannian Geometry	Continuation of Fall 2007.
1746	MAT	554	S07-08		Algebraic Geometry	Continuation of Fall 2007.
1747	MAT	556	S07-08		Analytical Methods in Algebraic Geometry	Continuation of Fall 2007.
1748	MAT	558	S07-08		Topics in Geometry: Introduction to Complex (K\"ahler) Geometry	TBA
1749	MAT	560	S07-08		Topics in Representation Theory	Continuation from Fall 2007
1750	MAT	564	S07-08		Dynamical Systems	Topics in differential dynamical systems, singularities of mappings, structures on manifolds, and related areas.
1751	MAT	570	S07-08		Gauge Theory and Low Dimensional Topology	Continuation of Fall Semester 2007
1752	MAT	572	S07-08		Low Dimensional Topology	Continuation of Fall Semester 2007
1753	MAT	574	S07-08		Topics in Ergodic Theory	TBA
1754	MAT	586	S07-08		Mathematical Physics	Continuation from Fall 07 semester.
1755	MAT	594	S07-08		Wavelets: Applications of Wavelets in Mathematics and Other Fields	TBA
1756	MOL	205	S07-08	SA	Genes, Health, and Society	What should students know about their genes (and genomes)?  Today, the field of Human Genetics is explored and debated like no other. To understand the medical applications and ethical implications of Human Genetics, one must grasp its scientific foundations. We will approach these topics using: lectures, textbook, journal and newspaper readings, precept discussions, and patient interviews. We will consider the following subjects: gene structure and function; the genetics and genomics of populations and of selected human disorders (cancer, mental illness, metabolic diseases); and clinical genetics (inheritance patterns, diagnosis, treatment).
1757	MOL	214	S07-08	ST	Introduction to Cellular and Molecular Biology	Important concepts and elements of molecular biology, biochemistry, genetics, and cell biology, are examined in the context of classic experiments.  During the last four weeks of the semester, the class will split into topic-based sections taught by different faculty members in the following areas: cell biology, biochemistry, genomics, neurobiology, microbiology, and development.  Students will choose to concentrate in 2 of the 6 sections.  This course is strongly recommended for students intending to major in the biological sciences and satisfies the biology requirement for entrance into medical school.
1758	MOL	328	S07-08	SA	U.S. Medical Research and Researchers: Preeminence, Problems, Policies	Medical research aims to improve and maintain human health. Accordingly, researchers employ such strategies as understanding biology, defining disease mechanisms, and developing ways to prevent, treat, or cure. Today, the U.S. is the preeminent global power in medical research  through interactions among government, academia, and industry. This course will trace the evolution of this country's research enterprise, describe its diverse cultures, focus on its greatest achievements (and achievers), and identify a number of challenges confronting it currently. How the U.S. copes with these challenges will influence the future of world health.
1759	MOL	340	S07-08		Molecular and Cellular Immunology	A broad survey of the field of immunology and the mammalian immune system.  The cellular and molecular basis of innate and acquired immunity will be discussed in detail.  The course will provide frequent exemplars drawn from human biology in health and disease.
1760	MOL	348	S07-08	STX	Cell and Developmental Biology	The mechanisms that underlie development of multicellular organisms, from C. elegans to humans, will be examined using biochemical, genetic and cell biological approaches. The course will investigate the roles that gene regulation, cell-cell communication, cell adhesion, cell motility, signal transduction and intracellular trafficking play in the commitment, differentiation and assembly of cells into specialized tissues.
1761	MOL	350	S07-08	ST	Laboratory in Molecular Biology	The major objective of the course is to introduce students to a variety of tools required to conduct independent research in the field of molecular biology.  While completing original research, students will employ a number of techniques that are used by molecular biologists, molecular geneticists, and biochemists.  Upon completion of the course, students should have gained an understanding of how, when and why certain techniques and skills are used in a research setting. In addition, students will learn to write a research report modeled on the scientific literature.
1762	MOL	380A	S07-08	STX	Modern Microbiology and Disease	This course examines the modern field of molecular biology through the lens of bacteria and parasites, emphasizing the impact of microbes on everyday life.  Topics will include pathogenesis (evolution of communicable diseases, molecular mechanisms of virulence, antibiotic resistance), microbial biology (cell division and differentiation, quorum sensing), and how microbes interact with their habitat (microbial diversity, biofilms, bioremediation, symbiosis).  We will discuss papers that illustrate how microbes advance our understanding of basic biological principles.
1763	MOL	380B	S07-08	ST	Modern Microbiology and Disease	This lecture and laboratory course examines the modern field of molecular biology through the lens of bacteria and parasites, emphasizing the impact of microbes on everyday life.  Topics will include pathogenesis (evolution of communicable diseases, molecular mechanisms of virulence, antibiotic resistance), microbial biology (division and differentiation, quorum sensing), and how microbes interact with their habitat (diversity, biofilms, symbiosis).  We will discuss papers that illustrate how microbes advance our understanding of basic biological principles.  Both canonical and state-of-the-art approaches will be explored in the laboratory.
1764	MOL	425	S07-08	SA	Infection: Biology, Burden, Policy	This course will examine fundamental determinants of human microbe interaction at the biological and ecological aspects. The focus will be on major global infectious diseases, their burden of illness, and policy challenges for adequate prevention and control. Each infectious agent will be discussed in terms of its mechanism of pathogenesis, disease progression, epidemiology, as well as strategies for its control. Specific emphasis will be placed on the public health aspects of each disease.
1765	MOL	430	S07-08		The Power and Peril of Cycling Cells	Accurate control of cell cycle is essential for the formation and maintenance of a normal living organism.  This course will study the molecular machinery that controls the cell cycle and the devastating consequence of its de-regulation that leads to cancer.  We begin with a mechanistic examination of the cell cycle in bacteria, yeast, flies and mammals.  We then consider cell cycle and cell size, and the cell cycle of stem cells. We will also discuss the oncogenic events that disrupt the normal cell cycle, the signaling pathways that activate uncontrolled cell proliferation, and the molecular therapeutics that target oncogenic pathways.
1766	MOL	437	S07-08		Computational Neuroscience	Introduction to the biophysics of nerve cells and synapses, and the mathematical descriptions of neurons and neural networks.  How do networks of neurons represent information, and how do they compute with it? The course will survey computational modeling and data analysis methods for neuroscience.  Topics will run in rough parallel to topics covered in the lab course MOL549, with MOL437 providing a computational perspective.  Representation of visual information, navigation through space, short-term memory and decision-making will be some of the issues considered from a mathematical/computational viewpoint.
1767	MOL	448	S07-08		Chemistry, Structure, and Structure-Function Relations of Nucleic Acids	The chemistry and structure of mononucleotides, oligonucleotides, and polynucleotides and their helical complexes as a basis for understanding and predicting the structures and structure-function relations of naturally occurring DNAs and RNAs. Related functions may include fidelity of DNA replication, mutagenic mechanisms, molecular evolution, telomeres, recently discovered RNA functions, structure of the genetic code.
1768	MOL	470	S07-08		Advanced Topics in Genetic Analysis	A survey of contemporary research on complex genotype-phenotype correlations in human populations. Topics will include mammalian genome structure and evolution, intra-species variation, and molecular tools developed for modern gene discovery projects. The analytical approaches of formal linkage analysis and Whole Genome Association Studies will be explored through primary publications on various complex traits including bipolar disorder, diabetes, and cancer susceptibility. Other topics will include comparative analysis of hominoid genomes and experimental embryological techniques of gene targeting, chimeras, and artificial chromosomes.
1769	MOL	506	S07-08		Molecular Biology of Eukaryotes	Discussion of gene structure and organization, chromatin and chromosome structures, mechanisms of replication, gene expression and regulation in eukaryotic cells. Emphasis will be placed on unique features of eukaryotic systems with examples from higher and lower eukaryotes.
1770	MOL	507	S07-08		Developmental Biology	Selected topics in the cell biology and development of multicellular organisms, with an emphasis on basic principles and underlying molecular mechanisms.  Topics include gradients and pattern formation during embryogenesis, receptors and intracellular signaling, cell motility and cell movements, neuronal pathfinding and patterning in the vertebrate neural tube, redundancy and genomic redundancy. Classes center on critical reading of the primary literature.
1771	MOL	523	S07-08		Molecular Basis of Cancer	We will explore the molecular events leading to the onset and progression of human cancer. We will review the central genetic and biochemical elements that make up the cell cycle, followed by a survey of the signal transduction pathways and checkpoints that regulate it. We will discuss oncogenes, tumor suppressor and mutator genes that act in these pathways and review the role of viral oncogenes and their action on cells. We will investigate the role of cancer stem cells and the interaction between tumor and the host environment. We will explore specific clinical case studies in light of the molecular events underlying different cancers.
1772	MOL	525	S07-08		Intercellular Signaling and Signal Transduction	Explores the interactions of cells with their surroundings at a molecular and cell biological level.  It begins with an introduction to a number of basic signal transduction pathways, a characterization of their respective receptors and the molecular pathways that communicate between the cell surface and the nucleus.  Discusses how signaling establishes axes of cell polarity and migratory pathways by producing changes in the cytoskeleton, and how cells interact with extracellular matrix molecules.  Addresses the cell's response to nutritional cues and other extracellular signals that influence cell growth, cell division and cell physiology.
1773	MOL	537	S07-08		Computational Neuroscience and Computing Networks	Introduction to the biophysics of nerve cells and synapses, and the mathematical descriptions of neurons and neural networks.  How do networks of neurons represent information, and how do they compute with it? The course will survey computational modeling and data analysis methods for neuroscience.  Topics will run in rough parallel to topics covered in the lab course MOL549, with MOL537 providing a computational perspective.  Representation of visual information, navigation through space, short-term memory and decision-making will be some of the issues considered from a mathematical/computational viewpoint.
1774	MOL	541	S07-08		Research Projects in Molecular Biology (Laboratory Rotations)	
1775	MOL	548	S07-08		Special Topics in Molecular Biology/Pharmacology of Natural Products.: Pharmacology of Natural Products	Pharmacology of natural products will be discussed by examining specific examples including aspirin and other NSAIDS, steroids, opiates, cannabinoids, coffee, tobacco, etc. with biochemical drug development and economic perspectives being emphasized as well as cultural influences and implications for health care issues.
1776	MOL	549	S07-08		Laboratory in Neuroscience	The biophysics of neurons and synapses will be explored using electrophysiological and optical recording methods.  The fundamental phenomena to be studied include passive membrane properties, action potential generation, synaptic transmission and plasticity, and sensory physiology.  Students will record neural activity with techniques that include intracellular microelectrode, patch clamp, and optical flourescence recording.
1777	MOL	561	S07-08		Scientific Integrity in the Practice of Molecular Biology	This course satisfies the mandate of the National Institutes of Health for training of molecular biologists in the ethical practice of science. The nature of -- and response to -- personal "misconduct" will be a principle focus. Through case studies and class discussion, we will examine the societal framework for the public support of basic biomedical research, the rights and responsibilities of students and mentors in the conduct of that research, and the significance of intellectual property. We will also review regulations concerning research with human subjects and animals.
1778	MSE	301	S07-08		Materials Science and Engineering	The course introduces students to the fundamentals of materials science and engineering. Basic concepts of bonding and structure are developed and provide a foundation for understanding the mechanical, electrical, optical, thermal, and magnetic properties of materials.  Also emphasized is phase behavior, including comprehensive discussion of binary phase diagrams and the origin and nature of microstructure. The course covers the unique characteristics of ceramics, polymers, and metallic materials, as well as semiconductors, glasses and biomaterials.
1779	MSE	502	S07-08		Thermodynamics and Kinetics of Materials	Thermodynamics and kinetics applicable to phase changes and processing in materials. Physical and mathematical descriptions of phase equilibrium, nucleation and growth, phase separation, coarsening, and diffusion in solids.
1780	MSE	503	S07-08		Structure of Materials	Symmetry of periodic solids as framework for understanding and determining crystal structures; structural analysis using diffraction and scattering of X-rays and neutrons, electron diffraction, high-resolution electron imaging, structure of ionic solids, intermetallics, and glasses; defects in crystals.
1781	MSE	504	S07-08		Modeling and Simulation in Materials Science	This course examines methods for simulating matter at the molecular and electronic scale. Molecular dynamics, Monte Carlo and electronic structure methods will be covered with emphasis on hands-on experience in writing and/or exercising simulation codes for atomistic and electronic structure simulation.
1782	MSE	505	S07-08		Characterization of Materials	A multidisciplinary course offering a practical introduction to techniques of imaging and compositional analysis of advanced materials.  Focus on principles and applications of various characterization methods.  Covered topics include AFM, SEM, TEM, XRD, EDX/WDX, EELS, Confocal Microscopy, sample preparation and image processing, etc. Hands-on experience is emphasized.
1783	MUS	103	S07-08	LA	Introduction to Music	Music 103 is an introduction to Western Art Music (works from 1100 to the present).  The course defines the basic elements of music - pitch, rhythm, melody, harmony, and form - and the historically significant styles and genres of composition.  Emphasis is placed on significant premiere performances, music and politics, and music and the other arts (film, dance, literature).
1784	MUS	106	S07-08	LA	Music Theory through Performance and Composition	A continuation of Music 105, with an emphasis on the harmonic and formal principals of  Western classical music.  We will focus on modulation, chromatic harmony, and form, continuing to study and compose music in classical and other styles.
1785	MUS	206	S07-08	LA	Tonal Syntax	An in-depth study of tonal counterpoint.
1786	MUS	213	S07-08	LA	Projects in Instrumental Performance: Chamber Music	Instrumental chamber music class of the standard repertory of the 18th, 19th, and 20th centuries.  Preparation for performance of ensembles.  Each ensemble's repertoire will be determined in consultation with the instructors during the first week of classes.
1787	MUS	217	S07-08	LA	Orchestral Music: Analysis and Performance	In Spring 2008 the repertory will focus on Prokofiev and Mussorgsky ("Lieutenant Kijé" and "Pictures at an Exhibition") and Mahler (Symphony No. 9).  The course will involve guest lecturers from the Music Department.
1788	MUS	232	S07-08	LA	Music in the Renaissance	General historical survey of European Art Music in the period 1400-1600, covering such composers as Dufay, Ockeghem, Josquin, Byrd, Palestrina, Lasso, etc.
1789	MUS	234	S07-08	LA	Music of the Baroque	A survey of musical styles and performance traditions in European music from approximately 1600-1750, including the music of Monteverdi, Scarlatti, Handel, Rameau, and Bach.  Topics to be considered include the role of music in the courts of Europe, the birth of opera, the rise of instrumental music, devotional music in the Catholic and Lutheran Church, performance practice, music and dance.  Emphasis will be placed on music's cultural context in relation to the other humanistic disciplines.
1790	MUS	258	S07-08	LA	Music of Africa	Introduction to the vocal and instrumental music of Africa, south of the Sahara.  Topics include the place of music in society, the influence of language on musical composition, principles of rhythmic organization, urban popular music, "art" music as a response to colonialism, and the impact of African music on the earliest forms of African-American music.
1791	MUS	270	S07-08	LA	Medieval and Renaissance Music from Original Notation	A "hands-on" course that that will teach the techniques of performing Gregorian chant. The course is based on the instructor's textbook-in-progress, the first modern book to revive medieval and Renaissance pedagogical methods of sight-singing, memorizing, improvizing harmonization, etc. The four main units are: (1) Gregorian psalmody, (2) Gregorian melody, (3) Gregorian rhythm, and (4) Organum and harmony. Prerequisite: Ability to read modern music notation comfortably. Knoledge of Latin not required.
1792	MUS	308	S07-08	LA	Contemporary Music through Composition and Performance	The course is aimed at performers and composers interested in deepening their understanding of the techniques and philosophies of contemporary and early modern music.  Activities will include performing, analyzing, arranging and composing.
1793	MUS	312	S07-08	LA	Jazz Theory through Improvisation and Composition II	Language of Jazz through Analysis, Composition and Improvisation.  An examination of musical principles found in modern jazz through extensive listening and analysis of representative works by such composers as Wayne Shorter, Ornette Coleman, Charlie Parker, Billy Strayhorn, Thelonious Monk and others.  The course will place a strong emphasis on concentrated listening and student projects in improvisation and composition.
1794	MUS	314	S07-08	QR	Computer and Electronic Music through Programming, Performance, and Composition	An introduction to the fundamentals of computer and electronic music in the context of the Princeton Laptop Orchestra (PLOrk).  The music and sound programming language ChucK, developed here at Princeton, will be used in conjunction with Max/MSP, another digital audio language, to study procedural programming, digital signal processing and synthesis, networking, and human-computer interfacing.
1795	MUS	316	S07-08	LA	Computer and Electronic Music Composition	A composition workshop class, in the context of the Princeton Laptop Orchestra (PLOrk) and also the traditional sound studio.  Emphasis will be on the student's creative work, composing both "fixed media" works and live electronic /laptop music.  Students will also work extensively with professional composers and performers, both from Princeton and elsewhere, performing new works as members of PLOrk.
1796	MUS	511	S07-08		Problems in Early Christian Music	The course focuses on Gregorian chant, with some attention to the related, regional chant traditions of the early medieval East and West.  The study of early neumatic notations opens an entree into problems of music and the "sound shape" of language, while the study of early medieval modes and melodic concepts opens up a wealth of intellectual history stretching from classical antiquity to present. Participants will also learn the basics of liturgical research: the texts, the books, the calendar, the ceremonial practices, & other info that students of pre-Reformation Eur. should know.
1797	MUS	514	S07-08		Topics in 19th- and Early 20th-Century Music: Music and Film	Music and Film
1798	MUS	526	S07-08		Topics in Music from 1400 to 1600	Studies in one or more of the major vocal or instrumental repertories of the 15th and 16th centuries.
1799	MUS	532	S07-08		Composition	Emphasis will be placed upon the individual student's original work and upon the study and discussion of pieces pertinent to that work.
1800	MUS	533	S07-08		Seminar in Analysis	The title of this offering of Music 533 is "Hermeneutics, Musical Analysis, and Composition:  Can They Mix?"   Our main task will be to perform analyses of music from the past two or three centuries, in much the way we do in the first-year conference and General Exam.  Along the way,  we will consider the relative characteristics of what might be termed more "formalist"  and more "critical"  readings--must they be at odds, or can they cooperate?  And, how might such analytical activity inform or illuminate our own compositional practice?
1801	MUS	534	S07-08		Ends and Means: Issues in Composition	History (and Future) of Technology and Singing.  From earhorns and megaphones to recording & broadcast, from cave acoustics to modern concert hall design and digital effects, from ethelene gas to absinthe and ectasy, how singing and technology have co-existed and co-evolved.  Reading, listening, class presentations & compositional sketches will form the basis for this seminar.
1802	MUS	542	S07-08		Instrumentation and Performance	The course is a study of the characteristics of individual instruments, including extended contemporary techniques and writing arrangements for chamber ensemble and for orchestra.  Special attention is given to problems of combining voice and instruments. The arrangements written for this class are performed by the Composers' Ensemble at Princeton and the Princeton University Orchestra, and problems of performance involving notation, rehearsal, and conducting are dealt with.
1803	NES	202	S07-08	LA	Contemporary Arabic Literature in Translation	This course will cover the wealth and variety of modern Arabic literature through an exploration of fiction, poetry, autobiography, and film.  Together, we will look at how Arab writers from across the Middle East and North Africa have shaped and reshaped central themes, including colonialism, modernity, tradition and gender.  Students of all backgrounds are welcome, and no prior knowledge is assumed.
1804	NES	206	S07-08	SA	Militant Islamism	Violent Islamism has emerged as one of the most prominent issues in US security policy, and the US war on terrorism has deep implications for foreign policy and international politics.  This course will examine the causes, manifestations and dynamics of violent Islamism from the early 1970s to the present.  The perspective will be primarily empirical and actor-oriented, but we will also discuss key theoretical paradigms from the ever-increasing literature on this topic.  Emphasis will be placed on the need for a depoliticized and dispassionate approach to the study of violent Islamism.
1805	NES	226	S07-08	HA	History of the post-WWII Middle East: Decolonization, Cold War and Crisis of Modernization	This course will deal with the history of the broader Middle Eastern region (including North Africa and Pakistan) since 1945 with a thematic focus on the interactions among the processes of decolonization, nation building, and cold war. The course offers a transnational-global history approach to some of the most controversial questions about this period, and introduces students to competing historiographies and theoretical perspectives. It will examine key events in the modern history of the Middle East and discuss the reasons behind the persistence of Islam-West dichotomy.
1806	NES	238	S07-08	SA	Muslims in America	This course introduces students to the historical, religious, political and social dimensions of Muslim presence in the United States.  It is framed by methodological discussions about the study of Islam and Muslims in America and by the question whether we can speak of the emergence of a specifically American Islam over the last century. The course addresses themes such as religious practice, political participation, gender issues, Muslim everyday culture and Islamic Law, as well as the historical and contemporary differences and convergences between African American and immigrant Muslim communities and their descendants.
1807	NES	241	S07-08	HA	Contemporary Religious Trends in Iran	This course will examine contemporary religious trends in Iran, with special attention given to the interaction between Shi`ism and contemporary social and economic processes in Iran and elsewhere. The social and political contexts of various approaches to religion will be explored. We will examine the ethnic, social and cultural patterns that dominate religious movements in Iran today.
1808	NES	265	S07-08	SA	Political and Economic Development of the Middle East	The aim of this course is to gain a better understanding of the political and economic issues that both challenge and encourage development in the Middle East and Northern Africa. A second goal is for students to think creatively about the issues raised by designing a development project aimed at tackling a specific problem in a Middle Eastern country.
1809	NES	303	S07-08	SA	Issues in Contemporary Arab Social and Political Thought	This course intends to introduce interested students to the study of the major political social and cultural issues that occupied Arab thought since the early sixties of the 20th century.  About two teaching weeks will be devoted to the examination of each of the following topics: (1) Nationalism, populism and the sixties generation. (2) Imperialism, underdevelopment, dependency and the Marxist paradigm. (3) The problem of heritage authenticity, identity and modernity.  (4) Islamism, jihadism and the return of Islam.  (5) Secularism, democracy, human rights and civil society. (6) Globalization, terrorism and the clash of civilizations.
1810	NES	307	S07-08	HA	Afghanistan and the Great Powers, 1747-2001	The course traces the great powers' struggle for control over the Middle East, as it affected Afghanistan.  It begins with an introduction to the social and ethnic background, touching on the rise of the tribal Afghan kingdom in the 18th century.  It will then focus on the rivalries between Russia and Britain in the 19th century ("the Great Game"), and on those between the Soviet Union and the US in the 20th.  We will conclude by studying Washington's support in the 1980's for Islamist groups fighting the Soviet occupation of Afghanistan, its consequences, and the Taliban movement.
1811	NES	310	S07-08	HA	Re-Thinking Minorities in the Modern Middle East	An investigation of minority and minorities in the modern Middle East, this course looks at the categories that the social sciences and the humanities have used to frame and analyze the "problem" of minorities well as the historical development and transformation of minority cultures, identities and political practices in a variety of Middle Eastern contexts. Topics covered will include: minorities in the medieval and early modern Middle East; Kurdish communities in Turkey and Iraq; the Armenian historical experience; Shi'i Muslims in the Arab world; Berbers in North America; and Palestinian citizens of Israel.
1812	NES	321	S07-08	HA	Iran Since the Revolution	This course will examine the formation and development of the "Islamic" state in the aftermath of the Iranian revolution.  It considers the social and political factors which have contributed to the making of the Islamic Republic as it is today.  Topics of Study and Discussion include:  Factional Politics in the post-Khomeini Era, Social Movement Politics and the Reform Era, Clerical Opposition and Dissident Theology, The Changing Nature of Religious Law, Missed Opportunities in US-Iran Relations, Iran's role in the post 9/11 Middle East, Iran and the Non-Proliferation Regime.
1813	NES	325	S07-08	HA	Christianity along the Silk Road	Syriac is a dialect of Aramaic very similar to the language spoken by Jesus in first-century Palestine.  Aramaic-speaking Christians in the Near East soon adopted Syriac as their literary language; by the early fourteenth century, Syriac Christianity spread from the western Mediterranean to China.  In this seminar we shall be exploring the origins of Syriac Christianity in the Near East and its spread along the Silk Road before 1500.
1814	NES	339	S07-08	HA	Introduction to Islamic Theology	This course is a general survey of the main principles of Islamic doctrine. It focuses on the Muslim theological discourse on the concepts of God and His attributes, man and nature, the world to come, revelation and prophethood, diversity of religions, and the possibility and actuality of miracles.
1815	NES	368	S07-08	SA	Oil Politics in the Middle East	This course investigates the role of oil in shaping the political economy of the Middle East and U.S. strategic interests in the region. The first part of the course covers events chronologically, from the pre-petroleum era to the current conflict in Iraq.  Next we will cover U.S. policy interests in the region, followed by a discussion of debates concerning the impact of oil on economic and political development in the Middle East.
1816	NES	430	S07-08	HA	Qur'an in English	This course will cover about two thirds of the Qur'anic text in the English translation of Kenneth Cragg, which has the advantage for an initial study of organizing the Qur'anic passages according to broad themes.  The course aims at bringing the student as close as possible to the Arabic original and will draw extensively on traditional exegesis (tafsir) as well as critical Qur'anic scholarship.  No previous study of Islam is required.
1817	NES	435	S07-08	EM	The Madrasa: Islam, Education, and Politics in the Modern World	Since 9/11, madrasas have often been viewed as sites of indoctrination into Islamic radicalism.  This seminar seeks to examine the broad range of institutions to which the term "madrasa" refers in modern Muslim societies as well as other, related, institutions of Islamic education, the transformations they have undergone since the nineteenth century, and how these institutions shape and are shaped by Muslim politics in varied contexts.
1818	NES	506	S07-08		Ottoman Diplomatics: Paleography and Diplomatic Documents	An introduction to Ottoman paleography and diplomatics. The documents will be in divani and rik ca scripts.
1819	NES	527	S07-08		The Turkish Novel	An examination of Turkish novels.  A reading knowledge of Turkish is required.
1820	NES	532	S07-08		Readings in Classical Arabic Literature	A reading of selections of poetry and prose.  Problems of narrative, poetics, and the like may be discussed according to the interests of the class.
1821	NES	539	S07-08		Studies in Persian Literature	To acquaint students with the literature of the second great classical language of Islam and its immense legacy of epics, chronicles, lyric poems, mystical writings and imaginative tales from the entire traditional Persian-speaking world - including not only from present-day Iran, Afghanistan and Tajikistan but most emphatically also from Anatolia, Central Asia and the Indian sub-continent - between the 10th and the 19th centuries, with special stress on Sufism, the connection to visual arts, and royal symbolism.
1822	NES	547	S07-08		Intermediate Syriac	Study of selected passages from various genres of Syriac literature.  Knowledge of Syriac is required.
1823	NES	551	S07-08		Middle Eastern Religion-State Relations in Comparative Perspective	This graduate course examines different models of religion-state constellations in the Middle East of the 20th century.  It offers an overview over the main models of constitutional religion-state relations (established religion, cooperation , separation of religion and state, regulations of the majority religion, regulation of the minority religions), explores the implications of these models for the stability of political power and examines the use of religious rhetoric, symbolisms and the reference to religious norms by state and non-state actors.
1824	NES	555	S07-08		Themes in Islamic Law and Jurisprudence	Selected topics in Islamic law and jurisprudence.  The topics vary from year to year, but the course normally includes reading of fatwas and selected Islamic legal texts in Arabic.
1825	NES	556	S07-08		Introduction to Islamic Legal Theory	This course offers a systematic introduction to the key terms and concepts of classical Islamic legal theory (usul al-fiqh) through the close reading and analysis of several short elementary works as well as more advanced selection.  No previous study of Islamic law is required.
1826	NES	561	S07-08		Studies in Modern Arab History	This course aims to survey a variety of historical and religious texts in Arabic that were produced by the Wahhabi scholars of Najd and the Zaydi scholars of Yemen between the 18th and 20th centuries.  Treatises produced by the opponents of the Wahhabis and Zaydis will also be studied and read carefully.  Students must have mastery of advanced Arabic.  Some of the texts that will be studied have been edited and published, others remain in manuscript form.  Among the treatises that will be assigned are some of the letters of the founder of the Wahhabiyya, Shaykh Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab.
1827	NES	596	S07-08		The Orientalism Debate	This seminar intends to explore the issues raised in and by the wide ranging international debates on the "Orientalism" question precipated by the publication of Edwards Said's book "Orientalism" in 1978.  Emphasis will be given to reactions and contributions from the "Third World", particularly the Arab World.  While "A.L. Macfie's Orientalism: A Reader" will be a major source for the course, students will be encouraged to use their knowledge of German, French, Arabic, Turkish, Farsi, etc., to bring to the consideration of the seminar relevant local materials not available in English.
1828	ORF	245	S07-08	QR	Fundamentals of Engineering Statistics	To acquaint the student with the language, mathematics and applications of probability and statistics in engineering and the sciences.
1829	ORF	307	S07-08		Optimization	Optimization of deterministic systems, focusing on linear programming.  Model formulations, the simplex method, sensitivity analysis, duality theory, network models, nonlinear programming. Applications to a variety of problems in optimal allocation of resources, transportation systems, and finance.
1830	ORF	335	S07-08	QR	Introduction to Financial Engineering	Pricing and hedging of derivative securities.  Binomial tree and Black-Scholes models.  Term-structure of interest rates.  Introduction to Credit Risk.
1831	ORF	376	S07-08		Independent Research Project	Independent research or investigation resulting in a report in the student's area of interest under the supervision of a faculty member. Open to sophomores and juniors.
1832	ORF	401	S07-08		Electronic Commerce	Electronic commerce is broadly defined as the buying and selling of goods using electronic transaction processing technologies.  Some of great expectations of this technology are beginning to be realized.  We will study the success, failures and challenges.  We will focus on the technlogies themselves as well as various economic and financial issues associated with their use.
1833	ORF	417	S07-08		Dynamic Programming	Sequential decision problems, primarily in the context of the management of physical and financial assets.  The course will focus on modeling and computational methods, using approximation techniques for a broad range of problem classes including multistate asset allocation, asset acquisition and technology swtiching, high dimensional shortest paths, dynamic assignment and related pricing problems.  Techniques will focus on Monte-Carlo based methods for exploring state spaces and estimating value functions, including stochastic approximation methods, temporal-differencing, Q-learning, and methods for handling high-dimensional problems.
1834	ORF	418	S07-08	QR	Optimal Learning	Optimal learning addresses the problem of collecting information that is used to estimate statistics or fit a model which is then used to make decisions.  Of particular interest are sequential problems where decisions adapt to information as it is learned.  The course will introduce students to a wide range of applications, demonstrate how to express the problem formally, and describe a variety of practical solution strategies.
1835	ORF	474	S07-08		Special Topics in Operations Research and Financial Engineering: Differential Equations for Financial Applications	Cash account evolution; symbolic and numerical solutions of ODEs; stock price behavior and stochastic differential equations; the heat equation and PDE approach to Black-Scholes; extension of Black-Scholes to time-dependent volatility and interest rate; numerical solution of PDEs; the Dupire PDE--option pricing as a function of expiration time and strike price for fixed current time and fixed stock price; American option pricing and obstacle problems in PDEs.  Software tool used is Mathematica.
1836	ORF	478	S07-08		Senior Thesis	A formal report on research involving analysis, synthesis, and design, directed toward improved understanding and resolution of a significant problem.  The research is conducted under the supervision of a faculty member, and the thesis is defended by the student at a public examination before a faculty committee.  The senior thesis is equivalent to a year-long study and is recorded as a double course in the Spring.
1837	ORF	479	S07-08		Senior Project	Students conduct a one-semester project.  Topics chosen by students with approval of the faculty.  A written report is required at the end of the term
1838	ORF	504	S07-08		Financial Econometrics	This course covers econometric and statistical methods as applied to finance. Topics include:   1. Overview of Statistical Methods   2. Predictability of asset returns  3. Discrete time volatility models  4. Efficient Portfolio and CAPM  5. Multifactor Pricing Models  6. Intertemporal Equilibrium   and Stochastic Discount Models  7. Expectation and present value relation  8. Simulation methods for financial derivatives  9. Econometrics of financial derivatives  10. Forecast and Management of Market Risks 11. Multivariate time series in finance  12. Nonparametric methods in financial econometrics*
1839	ORF	509	S07-08		Directed Research I	Under the direction of a faculty member, each student carries out research and presents the results.  Directed Research is normally taken during the first year of study.
1840	ORF	515	S07-08		Asset Pricing II: Stochastic Calculus and Advanced Derivatives	This course covers the pricing and hedging of advanced derivatives including topics such as exotic options, greeks, interest rate derivatives and credit derivatives.  The course will cover basics of stochastic calculus necessary for finance.  It is designed for Masters students.
1841	ORF	523	S07-08		Nonlinear Optimization	An introduction to the central concepts needed for studying the theory, algorithms, and applications of nonlinear optimization problems. Topics covered include first- and second-order optimality conditions; unconstrained methods, including steepest descent, conjugate gradient, and Newton methods; constrained methods including barrier, penalty, SQP, and augmented Lagrangians and duality theory and Lagrangian methods. Prerequisite: linear optimization.
1842	ORF	527	S07-08		Stochastic Calculus and Finance	An introduction to stochastic analysis based on Brownian motion.  Topics include local martingales, the Itô integral and calculus, stochastic differential equations, the Feynman-Kac formula, representation theorems, Girsanov theory, and applications in finance.
1843	ORF	531	S07-08		Computational Finance in C++	The intent of this course is to introduce the student to the technical and algorithmic aspects of a wide spectrum of computer applications currently used in the financial industry, and to prepare the student for the development of new applications.  The student will be introduced to C++, the weekly homework will involve writing C++ code, and the final project will also involve programming in the same environment.
1844	ORF	534	S07-08		Financial Engineering	Concepts and methods of financial engineering and financial optimization.  Stochastic methods for valuing portfolios of assets and liabilities.  Alternative definitions of risk. Diversification techniques for reducing risks within large financial organizations. Temporal issues.  Customizing securities by means of asset and liability management systems.  Portfolio optimization.
1845	ORF	558	S07-08		Stochastic Analysis Seminar	This seminar course will introduce the students to recent developments in stochastic analysis as they relate to the mathematical models of pricing and hedging in incomplete markets.
1846	ORF	569	S07-08		Special Topics in Statistics and Operations Research: Differential Equations for Financial Applications	Cash account evolution, symbolic and numerical solutions of ODEs; stock price behavior and stochastic differential equations; the heat equation and PDE approach to Black-Scholes; extension of Black-Scholes to time-dependent volatility and interest rate; numerical solution of PDEs; the Dupire PDE--option pricing as a function of expiration time and strike price for fixed current time and fixed stock price; American option pricing and obstacle problems in PDEs; fixed income (interest rate), credit derivatives, and Feynman-Kac PDE (depending on time availability).  Software tool used is Mathematica
1847	ORF	570	S07-08		Special Topics in Statistics and Operations Research: Convex Analysis for Finance & Economics	Tools from Convex Analysis, in particular duality methods, are ubiquitous in Mathematical Finance and Economics/Operations Research. For example, the recent success of (convex) risk measure theory relies heavily on basic constructions from Convex Analysis like Legendre-Fenchel transform and subdifferential. Moreover, Convex Analysis is a beautiful part of Math because of its geometric nature. This course is devoted to a systematic development of the theory with case study applications in risk measure theory, utility maximization, asset pricing, preference relations, decision theory and welfare economics.
1848	ORF	571	S07-08		Analysis of Environmental Problems	This is an interdisciplinary seminar on environmental problems with special reference to China. It covers the technological, economic as well as the policy aspects of the problems. There will be presentations by faculty members on their research and by students on reading material and own research. The seminar is problems oriented. Operations research and related quantitative methods will be introduced and applied to solve problems when appropriate.
1849	PER	102	S07-08		Elementary Persian II	To develop the skills of understanding, speaking, reading and writing modern Persian.  The classes are conducted mostly in Persian with emphasis on oral drills and conversations.
1850	PER	107	S07-08		Intermediate Persian II	The emphasis is on reading modern and classical prose, and writing modern prose.  Classes are conducted mostly in Persian.  Advanced grammar drills and translation exercises.
1851	PER	304	S07-08	LA	Contemporary Persian Writers: Novels and Memoirs	The course will focus on the writings of some of the best known Iranian novelists of the past quarter of a century. Emphasis will be given to women writers. The course is designed to improve the students' proficiency in the reading and comprehension of Persian texts, with discussion in Persian.
1852	PHI	200	S07-08	EC	Philosophy and the Modern Mind	A historical introduction to philosophy since 1600, emphasizing close reading of classic texts, but including some attention to the scientific, religious, political, literary, and other context.
1853	PHI	201	S07-08	EC	Introductory Logic	To what extent can completely mechanical methods determine whether an argument is good or bad? We will address the above question by studying formal principles that differentiate between good and bad arguments. That will mean learning propositional logic, first-order quantificational logic, and elementary computation theory. We will also use the method of formalization to better understand certain tricky paradoxes. Finally, we will study Godel's first incompleteness theorem.
1854	PHI	302	S07-08	EC	British Empiricism	Experience is a guide to life. But what is experience? And what can it tell us about the world? In this course we will explore these questions through the writings of Hobbes, Locke, Berkeley, and Hume.
1855	PHI	307	S07-08	EM	Systematic Ethics	A survey of major problems and developments in twentieth century metaethics, from G.E. Moore to the present.
1856	PHI	311	S07-08	EC	Personal Identity	This course will focus on the conditions for personal identity over time, with implications for the beginning and end of life. We will investigate what it is rational to care about in caring about survival or continued existence, and whether our account of what it is rational to care about should change if we discover either that (1) there is no human soul or (2) no self or subject behind our various conscious acts. The course will investigate what it is rational to care about in caring about one's future existence.
1857	PHI	315	S07-08	EC	Philosophy of Mind	This course investigates the nature of mind and its place in the natural world.  Focussing mainly on contemporary work, topics will include: the relationship between mind and body; the nature of mental states and processes; the significance of consciousness; how we detect mental states in ourselves; how we gauge the presence of mentality in others (including animals, machines young babies, the cognitively disabled); how research in the empirical sciences (psychology, neuroscience, computer science) sheds light on philosophical questions about the mind, and vice versa; how questions of mental life connect with issues in ethics.
1858	PHI	323	S07-08	QR	Advanced Logic	An introduction to axiomatic set theory, up to the proof of the consistency of the axiom of choice.
1859	PHI	335	S07-08	EM	Greek Ethical Theory	We shall study the ethical theories and contributions to moral philosophy of Socrates, Plato, Aristotle and the Hellenistic philosophers.
1860	PHI	337	S07-08	EM	Relativism	The course will explore various kinds of relativism: cultural relativism about beliefs concerning matters of fact; conceptual relativism, deriving from claims about the existence of distinct and, perhaps, incompatible conceptual schemes; something called "epistemic relativism"; and moral relativism of various kinds. We will look for the common structure of the various relativisms--if there is one--and explore whether relativism in any of these domains is plausible.
1861	PHI	384	S07-08	EM	Philosophy of Law	Conceptual and moral problems in the foundations of law.  Topics may include: morality and criminal justice; the justification of punishment; moral and economic problems in private law (torts and contracts); fundamental rights and constitutional interpretation.
1862	PHI	501	S07-08		The Philosophy of Aristotle	The seminar aims to explore Aristotle's conceptions of the intellectual virtues in Nicomachean Ethics VI.
1863	PHI	502	S07-08		The Philosophy of Kant: Critique of Judgment	An examination of the central doctrines of Kant's "Critique of Judgment". Topics will include reflective judgment and the systematicity of nature, judgments of beauty and of the sublime, Kant's theory of organisms, and the scope of teleological explanation.
1864	PHI	523	S07-08		Problems of Philosophy: Philosophy of Law	This class will consider two main problems in the general theory of law. The first problem is the problem about the nature of law.  What is law?  How does it differ from neighboring or related things such as coercion, convention, morality, and game-playing?  The second problem is the problem about law's moral obligatoriness. Do we have (always, typically or sometimes) a moral obligation to obey the law? And when, if at all, is such an obligation defeated by competing considerations so as to warrant conscientious objection, civil disobedience, or even revolution?  The approach will be to study one article or chapter in detail for each meeting.
1865	PHI	524	S07-08		Systematic Ethics	A graduate seminar in ethics.
1866	PHI	533	S07-08		Decision Theory	We will study disagreements over beliefs, values, and preferences from a Bayesian point of view.  Topics include expressivism about rationality and about chance, belief and desire fragmentation and logical omniscience, the "agreeing to disagree" theorem, desire as belief, epistemic permissiveness and the uniqueness thesis, the problem of disagreement, the problem of contingency, and desiring at will.
1867	PHI	539	S07-08		Theory of Knowledge	Topics to be discussed include the following: The status of normative ideals (e.g., consistency, probabilistic coherence) for agents who are aware of their own finitude and fallibility.  Recent work on the concept of evidence, with some attention to both formal and informal approaches. How should we think of evidence which bears on philosophical theories? In what respects (if any) does common sense provide a kind of data for philosophy? Questions about the rationality of holding views that are disputed by one's peers.
1868	PHI	599	S07-08		Dissertation Seminar	Open to post-generals students actively working on their dissertations. The seminar aims at assisting students in their research and writing and at developing their teaching skills by improving their ability to present advanced material to less expert audiences. Students will make presentations of work in progress, discuss each other's work, and share common pedagogical problems and solutions under the guidance of one or more faculty members.  It will meet for two hours each week throughout the academic year.
1869	PHY	102	S07-08	ST	Introductory Physics II	The goal of the course is to present an introduction to the fundamental laws of nature, especially optics, electricity/magnetism, nuclear and atomic theory.  These are treated quantitatively with an emphasis on problem solving.  The laboratory is intended to give students an opportunity to observe physical phenomena and to gain "hands-on" experience with apparatus and instruments.
1870	PHY	104	S07-08	ST	General Physics II	Schedule: One lecture, three classes, and one laboratory per week.   Goals: to understand the fundamental laws of physics, in particular electricity and magnetism with applications to electronics and optics.  This calculus-based course is primarily geared to engineers and majors in physics and other sciences.
1871	PHY	106	S07-08	ST	Advanced Physics (Electromagnetism)	We shall study electricity and magnetism, with special emphasis on the unification of these forces through the theory of special relativity.  Subject matter is similar to that of Physics 104, but the treatment is more sophisticated.  There will be application to physical optics and electromagnetic behavior of materials.  Weekly laboratory.
1872	PHY	116	S07-08	ST	Music and Physics	This course teaches some basic physics using music. It is designed for non-scientists who love music and would like to learn more about how it is made. Unlike traditional courses in the physics of music that start with physical concepts and then move to the musical applications of those concepts, this course develops the physical concepts and musical applications together. This approach makes the course more accessible to non-scientists and better explains the interplay of music and physics.
1873	PHY	208	S07-08	STX	Principles of Quantum Mechanics	This is the Physics Department's introductory quantum mechanics course.  Its intent is to present the subject in a fashion that will allow both mastery of its conceptual basis and techniques and appreciation of the excitement inherent in looking at the world in a profoundly new way.  Topics to be covered include: state functions and the probability interpretation, the Schroedinger equation, uncertainty principle, the eigenvalue problem, angular momentum, perturbation theory, and the hydrogen atom.
1874	PHY	210	S07-08	ST	Experimental Physics Seminar	The seminar introduces students to techniques in modern experimental physics in a laboratory setting.  In the first half of the course, students are introduced to analog electronics, data acquisition and control, vacuum technology, optics and lasers, cryogenics and other techniques.  In the second half of the course, students working in small groups propose and perform an experiment.
1875	PHY	304	S07-08		Advanced Electromagnetism	Electromagnetic theory based on Maxwell's equations.  Electrostatics of conductor and dielectrics, including boundary value problems and energy considerations leading to the Maxwell stress tensor.  Magnetostatics of steady currents and simple magnetic media.  Electromagnetic waves, retarded potentials and radiation.  Familiarity with vector calculus is assumed.
1876	PHY	312	S07-08	ST	Experimental Physics	Students work in small groups and perform five experiments and an electronics lab.  The list of experiments to choose from includes muon decay, beta decay, optical pumping, Moosbauer effect, holography, positron annihilation, electron diffraction, single photon interference, Sagnac effect, bacterial motion, NMR, Coulomb law, and photoelectric effect.  Weekly lectures will provide an overview of various experimental techniques and data analysis.
1877	PHY	406	S07-08		Modern Physics II: Nuclear and Elementary Particle Physics	Introduction to the Standard Model of particle physics describing elementary particles and their interactions. Specific topics include symmetries and conservation laws; electromagnetic, weak, and strong interactions between quarks, leptons, and gauge bosons; and experimental methods in particle physics. Selected topics covering current research in high energy physics will also be discussed.
1878	PHY	408	S07-08		Modern Classical Dynamics	Discussion of the most beautiful and important parts of classical dynamics:  variational principles, ergodicity and chaos, fluid dynamics of vortices, shock waves and solitons as well as the theories of developed turbulence.
1879	PHY	506	S07-08		Quantum Mechanics II	This is a one-semester course in advanced quantum mechanics, following Physics 505. After a brief review of some fundamental topics, more advanced topics will be covered, including many-body theory, operator theory, coherent states, stability of matter and other Coulomb systems and the theory of the Bose gas.
1880	PHY	510	S07-08		Relativistic Quantum Theory II	Quantum field theory with emphasis on loop effects and renormalization.
1881	PHY	524	S07-08		Advanced Topics in General Relativity: Dynamical, Strong Field Gravity	This course will explore a number of areas in general relativity where dynamical, strong field gravity plays an important role in the physics. Topics covered will include gravitational collapse and black hole formation, black hole collisions and other sources of gravitational waves, and the nature of spacetime singularities. Numerical methods are an important tool in solving the field equations in such situations, and so a portion of the course will be devoted to an introduction to numerical relativity.
1882	PHY	529	S07-08		Introduction to High-energy Physics	An overview of modern elementary particle physics and the Standard Model.  Specific topics include: weak decays, W and Z physics, deep inelastic scattering, CP violation, neutrino oscillations, Higgs searches, with an emphasis on areas of current interest. The course also covers concepts in experimental tools and techniques.
1883	PHY	536	S07-08		Condensed Matter/Many-Body Physics	The class will survey topics and techniques in the modern condensed-matter theory of strongly interacting systems: quantum magnetism, Bose fluids, Fermi liquids, Hubbard model, superconductivity, Luttinger liquids, fractional quantum Hall effect, quantum impurity problems (Kondo effect). The class will stress the underlying unity of many of the methods used to understand these different systems. The Berry Phase will be a common theme.
1884	PHY	540	S07-08		Selected Topics in Theoretical High-Energy Physics: Strings, Black Holes and Gauge Theories	Current topics in D-branes and gauge/string duality.
1885	PLS	102	S07-08		Beginning Polish II	A continuation of PLS 101. This course continues to develop and refine the four language skills (speaking, listening, reading, and writing), teaching all fundamental aspects of Polish grammar and basic communication skills on a variety of situations.  As the course progresses, the rich Central European culture will be sampled through poetry, film and fictional, as well as expository prose.
1886	POL	220	S07-08	SA	American Politics	This introductory course is intended to provide a broad background in the political concepts and institutions important in American politics. We develop a systematic way to think about political institutions, behaviors and traditions in the United States. Among the topics we discuss are individual political attitudes and values, political participation, voting, parties, interest groups, Congress, the Presidency, the Supreme Court, the federal bureaucracy, and domestic policy making.
1887	POL	230	S07-08	SA	Introduction to Comparative Politics	This course surveys institutions of government and explores the role of government in economic and social affairs in developing as well as advanced industrial countries. The overarching theme is the relationship between capitalism, democracy, and economic development. The course also provides an introduction to the comparative method: using some major books in Comparative Politics as examples, we will explore how different scholars use cross-national comparison to gain insight into political dynamics.
1888	POL	302	S07-08	EM	Continental Political Thought from Rousseau to Nietzsche	In the course we will examine the development of political thought in Europe from the second half of the eighteenth century to the end of the nineteenth.  We will focus on the Kantian, Hegelian and Marxist developments in this tradition. We will discuss the important role played by different conceptions of freedom, human nature, and history in the political thought of the period.  And we will address in particular issues concerning autonomy and authority, the nature of the state, and the limits to state power.
1889	POL	304	S07-08	EM	Conservative Political Thought	We ask whether conservatism is a disposition or a doctrine, whether it is a particularly modern phenomenon, and whether it needs to be grounded in religious belief.  We also compare the history of European, American, and non-western conservative thought and investigate whether other doctrines such as libertarianism, traditionalism, and nationalism are inherently conservative - leading up to the question whether the conservative movement in the US is characterized by inner tensions, as is often claimed. The last part of the course is devoted to contemporary policy issues such as bioethics, immigration, and nation-building abroad.
1890	POL	306	S07-08	EM	Democratic Theory	This course will introduce thinkers to some basic historical figures in the thinking about democracy, from Aristotle to Hobbes, to Rousseau, to the authors of the Federalist Papers. But the rationale of the course will be theoretical rather than historical: to work out the best ways of thinking about what democracy involves and how it might be institutionalized. It will also look at the connections between democracy and other values such as equality and freedom.
1891	POL	309	S07-08	EM	Politics and Religion	Close study of a number of texts that have illuminated the connection between religiosity and politics, and, in particular, the role of religious language and ideas to establish, preserve, reform, and redeem republics. Special attention will be given to the religious dimensions of revolutionary and messianic politics, and to the role that religiosity has played in the development of contemporary social movements and in the moral and political resistance to totalitarian regimes. Two lectures, one preceptorial.
1892	POL	314	S07-08	SA	American Constitutional Development	A survey of the development of American constitutionalism, considered historically as the product of legal, political and intellectual currents and crises.  Coverage includes the Founding, the Marshall and Taney eras, the slavery crisis, the rise of corporate capitalism, the emergence of the modern state, the New Deal crisis, and new forms of rights and liberties.   Topics include the growth of Supreme Court power, the Court's relation to the states and the other federal branches, and the influence on constitutional understandings of economic developments, reform movements, wars, party competition, and legal and political thought.
1893	POL	316	S07-08	EM	Civil Liberties	An inquiry into the value of liberty and of particular civil rights and liberties. The course considers competing theoretical justifications for rights and liberties generally, as well as particular problems concerning freedom of speech and the press, religion, sexuality, abortion, and discrimination. Supreme Court opinions regarding the constitutionality of legislation in each of these areas will be discussed and criticized.
1894	POL	317	S07-08	EM	Discrimination and the Law	Can the law be used to remedy instances of discrimination?  Should state power be used to address these distinctions?  We will briefly consider the genesis of modern antidiscrimination doctrine, and we will discuss the propriety of extending race-based protections to other forms of bias.  We will consider disputes related to:  immigration regulations and rights of non-citizens; legal regulation of cultural traditions and practices; sexuality and legal status; interpretation of the Americans with Disabilities Act; poverty and the possibility of justice; and gendered politics and the administration of family and employment law.
1895	POL	324	S07-08	SA	Congressional Politics	This course introduces students to the many facets of the U.S. Congress-asking "What does Congress do and why?" In so doing, it provides students with a set of tools useful for understanding how institutions create incentives for behavior. Some of the many topics we will examine include: congressional elections, the role of political parties and interest groups in lawmaking and elections, how the organization of Congress affects lawmaking, and issues of representation and accountability.
1896	POL	333	S07-08	SA	Latino Politics in the U.S.	This course will explore the personal, political, historical and sacred aspects of la comunidad Latina in the United States from the perspective of a theory of transformation. The course intends to provide students from all backgrounds the opportunity to see a people in their own midst becoming and being political as they move forward to create a new culture and community in this country.
1897	POL	340	S07-08	SA	Presidential Leadership: A Biographical Approach	This course will consider the nature of biography as an approach in assessing leaders, especially American presidents and candidates for the presidency.  It will analyze some of the characteristics and qualities that make for success and failure in the presidency, giving some attention to the structural characteristics of the office. Included for examination among the presidents will be George Washington, Andrew Jackson, Abraham Lincoln, Ulysses S. Grant, Woodrow Wilson, Franklin Roosevelt and many of the recent presidents.
1898	POL	349	S07-08	SA	Political Economy	Examines the role of political institutions in facilitating or hindering economic prosperity.  We start with the basic tools of political economy - collective action, elections, and delegation. These tools are then applied to the problems of controlling rulers, and the persistance of inefficiency.
1899	POL	352	S07-08	SA	Comparative Political Economy	The focus of this course will be on the origins and economic impact of political institutions (e.g. Democracy vs. Autocracy, different types of Democracy). We shall argue that these are not "neutral", as different institutions allocate differently political power among social groups with conflicting goals, who have then naturally different preferences on them. A special attention shall be paid to the influence of international relations (and particularly international conflicts) on domestic institutions, and policy outcomes. Occasionally, I will also make use of some simple formal models of political economy.
1900	POL	358	S07-08	SA	State, Nation, and Cultural Identity	This course examines the interaction between the modern state and national and cultural identities, focusing on the emergence of nationalism and ethnicity as vectors of modern politics, the politics underlying their mobilization, and their roles in the production of political order and disorder.   We will examine the variety of forms assumed by nationalist and ethnic politics and the causes of large-scale ethnic conflict, drawing on examples from around the world.  The course ends with a discussion of the ways in which ethnic conflict can be managed and cultural difference accommodated within or beyond the confines of the nation-state.
1901	POL	364	S07-08	SA	Political Systems of the Middle East	This course offers students an overview of modern Middle Eastern politics. The course will first provide a historical  analysis outlining the conditions that shape the formation and consolidation of authoritarian rule in modern Middle Eastern states. We will examine the political economy of the region, Islamic politics, state-society relations, wars, and other topics as probable explanatory variables to authoritarian persistence. Through case studies, the course will also focus on the impact of authoritarian rule on the political economy, civil societies, and opposition movements in the region.
1902	POL	379	S07-08	SA	Intelligence, National Security and the Constitutional Democracy	This course treats intelligence and constitutional issues essential to evaluate controversies in national security and civil liberties in a democracy. We examine tensions through history, statute, technology, public opinion, the media and current events. Can we implement effective security and not adversely impact our constitutional rights? What is the "correct" relationship between intelligence and law enforcement? Should information be shared and/or protected? Technology threatens or protects? Is post 9/11 reform on track? You decide if government is making the right choices "for the country and individuals" based on this critical material.
1903	POL	381	S07-08	SA	Theories of International Relations	This course introduces students to theories about the international system.  It reviews different conceptions of the structure of the system.  It also examines sources of conflict and cooperaton among states on both trade and security issues.  In addition, it considers whether domestic politics influence international outcomes.  The course will include some use of economics, game theory, and statistics, but it presumes no backgrund knowledge in any of these three areas.
1904	POL	392	S07-08	SA	American Foreign Policy	This course will analyze American foreign policy from the nation's founding to the present. Diplomatic, security and economic issues will be covered. Among the specific topics examined will be the U.S. rise to global power; the origins, course and end of the Cold War; Vietnam; and U.S. foreign policy in the post Cold War and post 9/11 world.
1905	POL	421	S07-08	SA	Seminar in American Politics: Racial Politics in the U.S.	This course investigates the politics of race in the U. S. with particular attention to the political status of African Americans. We will cover topics including the meaning of race, the civil rights movement and collective action, gender, class and regional differences, racial prejudice, racial identity, and various public policy issues such as residential segregation and political representation. The focus will be on student participation and student research projects involving direct observation and rigorous qualitative analysis, or analysis of quantitative data.
1906	POL	423	S07-08	SA	Seminar in American Politics: Foundational Ideas in American Politics	This course examines the primary foundational concepts that have influenced American political development. These concepts fall under three general headings: history, and religion. The course treats the variants of each type and examines how important statesmen made use of different "mixtures" of these ideas. The time period considered ranges from the Puritan era to the modern day. Emphasis is placed on the founding of the new nation, the Jacksonian era, the 1850s, the Progressive era, and the present.
1907	POL	431	S07-08	SA	Seminar in Comparative Politics: Latin American Political Economy	This seminar covers selected topics in the political economy of Latin America. The main emphasis will be on the international and domestic roots of the neoliberal economic reforms since the 1980s. We will pay special attention to the debate about the extent to which these reforms were compatible with democratic politics. We will also analyze the role of economic crisis as a driver of reforms and the implications of the region's high income inequality for the prospects of democracy and economic liberalism in Latin America.
1908	POL	433	S07-08	SA	Seminar in Comparative Politics: Political Behavior around the World	This seminar examines mass political behavior from a comparative perspective. It seeks to explain how people become involved in politics, how they form political opinions, and how their behavior influences political outcomes. The seminar covers a range of behaviors, including learning about politics, information processing, political participation, and voter decision-making. For each of these behaviors, the purpose of the seminar is to address two fundamental questions: What are the causes and consequences of the behavior? To what extent and how do these causes and consequences depend on institutional or cultural/ historical settings?
1909	POL	440	S07-08	SA	Seminar in International Relations: National Security and the Liberal Republic	This seminar explores the meaning of "national security" for a liberal republic such as the United States--who or what "we" are, what this implies about who or what threatens us, and what this means regarding the appropriate measures that our state needs to take to ensure the security and well-being of its people. With an eye toward better understanding the choices that now face the American republic and its citizens, we will investigate how successive generations of Americans have interpreted these questions and struggled to frame answers to them, in response to the changing formulations of these issues with which they have been confronted.
1910	POL	503	S07-08		Survey Analysis	A  reading course on survey design and analysis and a practicum on analyzing survey data.  Each student will write a paper based on his or her analysis of previously collected survey data or on original survey data collected by the student. Course open to Politics seniors by permission. (Does not prepare for the General Exam in Formal and Quantitative  Analysis.)
1911	POL	522	S07-08		Politics and Modernization	An examination of alternative theoretical approaches to modernization, including interpretations of both the historical transformation of the western states and the efforts under way in the contemporary Third World.
1912	POL	525	S07-08		Comparative Bureaucracy	A seminar dealing theoretically and empirically with the role of bureaucracy as an integral part of the political system, with an emphasis on the relation of the governmental bureaucracy to other governmental institutions (political parties, executives, legislatures) and to nongovernmental institutions. All aspects are treated comparatively.
1913	POL	558	S07-08		International Cooperation	The analysis, theoretical and empirical, of the generation, maintenance, and breakdown of international cooperation, and its consequences.   Particular attention will be paid to issues of compliance.  Policy areas to be studied include trade, arms control, warfare, environmental protection, and creditor-debtor relationships.
1914	POL	563	S07-08		Philosophy of Law	A systematic study of the salient features of legal systems, standards of legal reasoning, and the relation between law and morals.
1915	POL	567	S07-08		Ethnic Politics	This course explores the political implications of the ethnic differences embedded within states in the contemporary world.  We will be seeking to understand the nature of cultural identities, the driving forces underlying their persistence and change, and their intersection with the nation-state system.   The course will include discussions of the issues of measuring ethnicity, the politics of ethnic mobilization and violence, and various institutional arrangements aimed at managing ethnic conflict.
1916	POL	568	S07-08		Politics after Religion	This course will explore the political implications of secularism as understood by Nietzsche, Weber and their contemporaries. Does a purely secular perspective on politics imply political realism, that is, the view that all politics must involve nothing other than the pursuit of power?  Both Nietzsche and Weber seem to want to resist crude power politics, but both identify important constraints on the extent to which we can hope to realize our highest values in political life.
1917	POL	569	S07-08		Government Decision-Making: Empirical Analysis of Formal Models	This class will explore connections between formal theory and empirical analysis.  A major goal of the class is to link the training students receive in methods classes to substantive questions from the literature. Readings will include articles and books that attempt these ends. In addition, we will consider a few specific topics of government decision-making,  read works covering a range of methodological approaches  to examining that topic, and consider how the testing of formal theory does and does not contribute to that literature. Prerquisites: Formal I and Quant I (Pol 571 adn pol 575 or equivalent.
1918	POL	572	S07-08		Quantitative Analysis II	This is the second course in the quantitative methods sequence.  It will emphasize the flexibility of the maximum likelihood framework in the context of regression models, models that mix qualitiative and continuous endogenous variables, hazard models, and scaling models. Note: this newly renumbered course is a continuation of the level one material that was presented until Spring 2002 as "Politics 572."
1919	POL	573	S07-08		Quantitative Analysis III:Applied Bayesian Data Analysis	The course builds on the material covered in POL571 and 572 and introduces a variety of statistical techniques including Bayesian methods and causal inference. The goal is to show how to apply these methods to data analysis in political science research. The course is particularly useful, but not exclusively, for students planning to take the Quantitative part of the General Exam in Formal and Quantitative Analysis at Level III. Prerequisite: POL572.
1920	POL	575	S07-08		Formal Political Analysis I	An introduction to mathematical models of political processes. The course develops the analytical foundations for examining problems in collective choice. The technical development focuses on the logical structure of formal models as well as on their use to develop testable hypotheses. The presentation of technical apparatus is combined with a wide range of applications. Topics include models of majority rule, direct and representative democracy, political competition under various electoral systems, and political economy.
1921	POL	584	S07-08		Foundations of Political Economy	Course focuses on modeling the interaction of politics and economics, with applications to a variety of substantive areas.  Topics include: poltics of taxation and redistribution; governmental structure, political economy of constitutional arrangements, development, and growth.  Familiarity with microeconomic theory and POL 575 or the equivalent are prerequisites.
1922	POL	593	S07-08		Research Seminar	Enrolled graduate students in residence will attend one of these seminars each year and present their research. First-year students sign up for 593; second-year students for 594; third-year students for 595; and fourth-year students for 596. The seminars are offered in four fields: political philosophy, comparative politics, American politics, and international relations.
1923	POL	594	S07-08		Research Seminar	Enrolled graduate students in residence will attend one of these seminars each year and present their research. First-year students sign up for 593; second-year students for 594; third-year students for 595; and fourth-year students for 596. The seminars are offered in four fields: political philosophy, comparative politics, American politics, and international relations.
1924	POL	595	S07-08		Research Seminar	Enrolled graduate students in residence will attend one of these seminars each year and present their research. First-year students sign up for 593; second-year students for 594; third-year students for 595; and fourth-year students for 596. The seminars are offered in four fields: political philosophy, comparative politics, American politics, and international relations.
1925	POL	596	S07-08		Research Seminar	Enrolled graduate students in residence will attend one of these seminars each year and present their research. First-year students sign up for 593; second-year students for 594; third-year students for 595; and fourth-year students for 596. The seminars are offered in four fields: political philosophy, comparative politics, American politics, and international relations.
1926	POL	597	S07-08		Research Seminars	Enrolled graduate students in residence will attend one of these seminars each year and present their research. First-year students sign up for 593; second-year students for 594; third-year students for 595; fourth-year students for 596; and fifth-year students for 597. The seminars are offered in four fields: political philosophy, comparative politics, American politics, and international relations.
1927	POP	503	S07-08		Evaluation of Demographic Research	A course designed for doctoral students who have some experience in demographic methods and research. One objective of the course is to examine critically how researchers, including well-established demographers and students, tackle demographic research questions. A second, related goal is to explore the construction of a dissertation and a research paper.
1928	POP	509	S07-08		Survival Analysis	Course focuses on statistical analysis of time-to-event or survival data and introduces hazard and survival functions, censoring mechanisms, parametric and non-parametric estimation, and comparison of survival curves; covers continuous and discrete-time regression models with emphasis on Cox's proportional hazards model and partial likelihood estimation; discusses competing risk models, unobserved heterogeneity, and multivariate survival models including event history analysis. Course emphasizes basic concepts and techniques as well as social science applications. Half-term course, offered in first half of the spring term.  Prerequisite: WWS5
1929	POP	510	S07-08		Multilevel Models	An introduction to statistical methods for the analysis of multilevel data, such as data on children, families, and neighborhoods. Reviews fixed- and random-effects models for clustered and longitudinal data. Presents multilevel random-intercept and random-slopes models, discussing model fitting and interpretation, centering and estimation of cross-level interactions, and extensions to binary and count data using maximum likelihood and Bayesian methods. Course emphasizes practical applications using the multilevel package MLwiN. Half-term course, offered second half of spring term. Prerequisite: WWS509 or equivalent.
1930	POR	108	S07-08		Introductory Brazilian Portuguese	Normally open to students already proficient in Spanish, this course uses that knowledge as a basis for the accelerated learning of Brazilian Portuguese. Emphasis on the concurrent development of understanding, speaking, reading, and writing skills. The two-semester sequence Portuguese 108-109 is designed to provide in only one year of study a command of the language sufficient for travel and research in Brazil and Portugal.
1931	POR	109	S07-08		Intermediate Brazilian Portuguese	Students will further develop their language skills, especially those of comprehension and oral proficiency, through grammar review, readings, film and other activities. The two-semester  sequence POR 108-109 is designed to give in only one year of study a command of the Portuguese language sufficient for travel in Brazil, Portugal and beyond.
1932	POR	110	S07-08		Intensive Portuguese	An intensive beginner's course designed for students who have fulfilled the language requirement in Spanish or another Romance language. Knowledge of one of these languages provides the basis for the accelerated learning of Portuguese. This one-semester 'crash' course teaches fundamental communication skills--comprehension, speaking, reading and writing--and exposure to cultural aspects of the Portuguese-speaking world, but does not offer a complete study of grammar.
1933	POR	208	S07-08		Portuguese in Context: Studies in Language and Style	Designed as a journey through the Lusophone world this course seeks to present the Portuguese language in context by exploring historical, social, political and cultural aspects of Brazil, Portugal, and Lusophone Africa through the media, literature, film, music and other realia.  Students will increase their fluency and accuracy in both written and spoken Portuguese, broadening their vocabulary and mastery of syntax through textual analysis, discussions, oral presentations and grammar review. An advanced language course and overview of the Lusophone world, POR 208 seeks to prepare students for further study of  literature and culture.
1934	POR	209	S07-08		Portuguese Cultural Themes	This advanced language and culture course will look at migration in the Portuguese-speaking world. What motivates people to leave their homeland? What are the challenges that face them? How do they navigate and respond to their new circumstances? We will explore broad themes of exile and displacement, ethnicity, identity, economics, tradition, "saudade" and cultural production through films, texts, and music from and about the lusophone diaspora. This course seeks to increase students' fluency and accuracy in both written and spoken Portuguese and provide a solid foundation for further study of literature and culture.
1935	POR	301	S07-08	LA	Modern Brazilian Literature and Culture	What happens when music and literature meet? How does a literary project convert itself into music? And what if music itself turns into literature? We will address these and other issues in order to answer the question posed by literary critic and musician Jose Miguel Wisnik: how does it happen that in Brazil a popular singer like Caetano Veloso can be the most profound critic of its major writer, Guimaraes Rosa? And what if that criticism is nothing but a song? From the act of listening to music to the close reading of literature, we will come to understand why Brazil is so often identified as a richly 'musical' country.
1936	POR	319	S07-08	LA	Literature and Cinema in Brazil	This course aims to introduce students to the rich tradition of Brazilian film, giving special emphasis on film adaptation of novels and short-stories from important Brazilian writers as Machado de Assis, Mario de Andrade, Guimarães Rosa and Clarice Lispector, among others. At the same time, the course will also discuss the political aesthetics of the Cinema Novo and its revision by the new generations of Brazilian contemporary filmmakers.
1937	POR	561	S07-08		Modern Brazilian Literature	The principal phases of modern Brazilian poetry and narrative prose from romanticism through modernism.  A special analysis is given of certain unique figures (such as Machado de Assis) and works (such as Os sertoes) that have deeply modified the national literary tradition as a whole.
1938	PSY	101	S07-08	ST	Introduction to Psychology	The study of human nature from the viewpoint of psychological science. Topics range from the biological bases of human perception, thought and action to the social-psychological determinants of individual and group behavior.  This course is a pre-requisite for majoring in psychology, and can also serve as one of the two lab courses used to satisfy the science and technology (ST) requirement.
1939	PSY	208	S07-08	EC	The Brain: A User's Guide	The course provides a basic introduction to neuroscience, especially as it impacts upon practical issues:  mental disease, drugs, neurological disorders, development, learning, memory, etc.  It is intended for students who are not planning to concentrate in the life sciences.  It is hoped that some students may get stimulated by this course and decide to concentrate in aspects of psychology, biology, philosophy, or engineering as they relate to mind and brain.
1940	PSY	251	S07-08	QR	Quantitative Methods	The purpose of the course is to introduce students to the basic techniques of statistical analysis used in psychological research. Students will learn the logic underlying the statistical techniques and learn how to perform statistical analyses and interpret the results.
1941	PSY	254	S07-08	EC	Developmental Psychology	A survey of human development emphasizing the nature of children's minds and experience, developmental change, and the relation between child and adult mentation.  How do children at different periods in development think, feel, and experience the world around them?  Students will be actively involved in preschool settings.
1942	PSY	255	S07-08	EC	Cognitive Psychology	The course will survey the major themes and experimental findings of Cognitive Psychology.  We will address the question of how scientists probed the nature and underlying structure of human thought?  Topics covered will include attention, perception, imagery, memory, language, thinking, decision making, and cognitive neuroscience.
1943	PSY	257	S07-08	SA	Personality	What is personality?  What do we want to know about people to understand personality?  This course will survey major approaches to the study of personality, including psychodynamic, social cognitive, and trait approaches.  The focus will be on the assumptions made by each approach, relevant techniques for collecting and analyzing data, and theoretical and practical implications.  Two lectures, one preceptorial.
1944	PSY	259A	S07-08	EC	Introduction to Cognitive Neuroscience	This course will offer an introduction to cognitive brain functions including higher perceptual functions, attention and selective perception, systems for short- and long-term memory, language, cerebral lateralization, motor control, executive functions of the frontal lobe, cognitive development and plasticity, and the problem of consciousness.  Major neuropsychological syndromes (e.g. agnosia, amnesia) will be discussed.
1945	PSY	259B	S07-08	ST	Introduction to Cognitive Neuroscience	This course will offer an introduction to cognitive brain functions including higher perceptual functions, attention and selective perception, systems for short- and long-term memory, language, cerebral lateralization, motor control, executive functions of the frontal lobe, cognitive development and plasticity, and the problem of consciousness.  Major neuropsychological syndromes (e.g. agnosia, amnesia) will be discussed.
1946	PSY	307	S07-08	EC	Educational Psychology	Principles of psychology relevant to the theory and practice of education. Through selected readings, discussion, and classroom observations, students study theories of development, learning, cognition (including literacy), and motivation, as well as individual and group differences in these areas; assessment; and the social psychology of the classroom. The course focuses on how learning by children and adolescents at the elementary, middle, and secondary school levels is influenced by their own characteristics and experiences and the various contexts in which they learn: family, school, community and culture. One three-hour seminar.
1947	PSY	310	S07-08	EC	Psychology of Thinking	The aim of the course is to elucidate the main forms of human thinking, e.g. calculation, deduction, induction, creation, and association.  The course will consider psychological theories of these processes and their experimental investigation.
1948	PSY	314	S07-08	SA	Research Methods in Social Psychology	This course examines the various methods by which social psychologists conduct research.  Methods to be covered include laboratory and field experiments, quasi-experiments, survey research, and naturalistic observation.  Over the course of the semester, students will design and conduct social psychological research using these methods.  Although valuable for all psychology majors, this course will be particularly useful for those who anticipate completing a senior thesis based on empirical research.
1949	PSY	320	S07-08	SA	Theories of Psychotherapy	Examination of different theories, techniques, settings and issues in psychotherapy.  Several class meetings will take place in clinical field settings, such as at the Trenton Psychiatric Hospital and the Forensic Center.
1950	PSY	326	S07-08	SA	Social and Personality Development	Major issues in social and personality psychology examined from a developmental perspective, with emphasis on developmental processes and change.  Data on children, adolescents and adults will be considered.  Topics include: attachment, self-concept, self-esteem, achievement, gender roles, moral development, prosocial behavior, and aggression. Particular attention to role of culture.
1951	PSY	330	S07-08	ST	Introduction to Connectionist Models:  Bridging Between Brain and Mind	A fundamental goal of cognitive neuroscience is to understand how psychological functions such as attention, memory, language, and decision-making arise from computations performed by assemblies of neurons in the brain.  This course will provide an introduction to the use of connectionist models (also known as neural network or parallel distributed processing models) as a tool for exploring how psychological functions are implemented in the brain, and how they go awry in patients with brain damage.
1952	PSY	415	S07-08	EC	Advanced Topics in Learning & Memory: Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms	Seminar designed to expose students to current research on the cellular and molecular bases of learning and memory, providing an up-to-date analysis of what is, and is not, known about the neurobiology of learning and memory. We begin with a review of the model systems used to study learning and memory, including an analysis of the translational validity of certain model systems. We then deal with different forms of plasticity (synaptic and structural) as they pertain to learning and memory during development and adulthood. Finally, we apply some of these findings to evaluate the current status of research on aging and Alzheimer's.
1953	PSY	418	S07-08	EM	Neuroethics	Neuroethics concerns ethical issues arising from neuroscience, the study of the brain and behavior.  Some of these issues come from the introduction of new technologies, such as brain imaging and brain stimulation.  Others come from the development of new drugs that may affect memory, mood, and thought.  Others are older questions, such as when does human life end and what type of experiments should be done on human and animals subjects.  We will consider these and other ethical problems that have been, or are likely to be, raised from developments in neuroscience.
1954	PSY	419	S07-08	SA	Childhood Psychopathology	Surveys major content areas of childhood psychopathology and studies the evolution of ideas of developmental disorders from the individual-intrapsychic perspective and with focus upon the impact of environment and social systems,  Issues such as childhood trauma and fixation, and continuity in the development of later adult disorders are considered.  A unit on community approaches explores literature on prevention of psychopathology and promotion of social skills.  The numerous childhood disorders will be described according to existing classification schema.
1955	PSY	501	S07-08		Proseminar in Basic Problems in Psychology:  Cognitive Psychology	Cognitive Proseminar:  Introduction to graduate level cognitive psychology for first year graduate students in psychology.  This course will serve as the basis for more advanced graduate courses on specific topics in this area.
1956	PSY	502	S07-08		Proseminar in Basic Problems in Psychology:  Neuroscience and Neuropsychology	Neuroscience Proseminar:  Introduction to graduate level neuroscience psychology for first year graduate students in psychology.  This course will serve as the basis for more advanced graduate courses on specific topics in this area.
1957	PSY	504	S07-08		Experimental Design and Analysis in Psychological Research	This course will provide students with a broad overview of multivariate statistics.  Topics covered will include multiple regression, analysis of covariance, multivariate analysis of variance, discriminant function analysis, logistic regression, principal components analysis, factor analysis, path analysis, and structural equation modeling.
1958	PSY	511	S07-08		Current Issues in Neuroscience and Behavior	Advanced seminar that reflects current research on brain and behavior.
1959	PSY	543	S07-08		Research Seminar in Cognitive Psychology	A seminar that deals with current research and issues in sensation, perception, and cognition.  Ongoing research by seminar participants, research methodology, and current issues in the literature will be discussed.
1960	PSY	551	S07-08		Design and Interpretation of Social Psychological Research	An advanced seminar that considers current research in social psychology.  Contemporary research conducted by the seminar participants will be discussed.
1961	PSY	556	S07-08		Self and Identity	This course investigates the psychology of self and identity.  Topics include: the content and structure of the self-concept; antecedents and consequences of self-awareness; the role of self-esteem and self-enhancement in human functioning; processes of self-regulation; emotional concomitants of the self; social identity and individuality; self-expression and self-censorship; self-presentation; and social and cultural variation in the self.  The course will focus on major psychological theories of self and the empirical evidence that speaks to the validity of those theories.
1962	REL	222	S07-08	EC	Religion in Modern Thought and Film	This course surveys conceptions of religion that have been influential in the modern period, and critically examines the theories of knowledge, interpretation, society, and culture associated with them. Among the approaches considered are Augustinian theology, Enlightenment skepticism, Marxism, cultural anthropology, phenomenology, feminism, and Freudian psychology.  Films by such directors as Hitchcock and Von Trier are used to explore the main issues covered.  Two lectures, one precept, one screening.
1963	REL	251	S07-08	HA	The New Testament and Christian Origins	A historical introduction to early Christian texts within and outside of the New Testament canon. The course emphasizes studying ancient sources relevant for early Christianity from a variety of backgrounds (Jewish, Greco-Roman, Christian) and teaches different strategies to read these texts.  When possible, archaeological remains and papyrological sources are brought in as material context. The precepts function to explore important topics such as early Christian attitudes towards slavery and the position of women in Early Christianity and to bring up debates in contemporary culture involving New Testament and other early Christian texts.
1964	REL	256	S07-08	HA	Sacred Space in the History of Christianity	How have Christians in selected times and places oriented themselves imaginatively--via discourse and practice, in relationship to places?  The course will be both chronologically and topically organized, moving through the early, medieval, and modern history of Christianity via attention to relationships between Christians and nature (waters, light, trees, rocks); the body; pilgrimage; hell and heaven; and built environments such as shrines, monasteries, cathedrals, churches, and cities.
1965	REL	262	S07-08	EM	"Can these bones live?" An Introduction to Christian Theology	Taken from one of the most famous passages in the Bible, the prophet Ezekiel's vision of "them bones...them dry bones," functions in two ways. First, it is the question from which all Christian theology starts. The story told by Israel's Scripture reaches a climax when God's project with humanity seems to be a heap of bones. Second, the question is whether this is an end or a beginning. The church is the community of those who see the resurrection of Jesus as God's resolution of this question; her theology is reflection on that event. Yet modernity has generally regarded the church's faith as itself dead; we must consider that possibility.
1966	REL	311	S07-08	EC	Religious Existentialism	An in-depth study of existentialist philosophies of, among others, Søren Kierkegaard, Simone Weil, Martin Heidegger, Hans Jonas, and Emmanuel Levinas. The course will focus on their respective arguments about the relations between philosophy and existence, reason and revelation, divine law and love, philosophy, religion, and politics, and Judaism and Christianity.
1967	REL	320	S07-08	HA	African American Religious History	Reading, reflection, discussion, and writing upon the religious history and culture of African-Americans with particular attention to ritual, music, literature, and creative expression.  Folktales, blues, spirituals, gospel music, the chanted sermon, worship traditions, magical-medicinal practices among black Americans will be examined through literary texts, visual presentation, public performances, and film.
1968	REL	323	S07-08	HA	Visual Worlds of Himalayan Religions	How do Tibetan Buddhists look at religious images? What do pilgrims in Nepal see when faced with sacred monuments? Why do devotees in Bhutan display erotic caricatures in public? This seminar will explore the ubiquitous role of images and imagining in the religious traditions of the Himalayan region. Readings and viewings will examine the painting, sculpture, architecture, and performing arts of the Himalaya (including Tibet, Nepal, north India, and Bhutan), placing them in the context of local religious beliefs, ritual practices, and literary canons.
1969	REL	341	S07-08	HA	Jews and Judaism in Ancient Egypt and Other Diaspora Communities	This course covers the development of Judaism in the diaspora from 33 BCE to 200 CE, including the rich body of literature produced by Egyptian Jewry, the best documented of the ancient diaspora communities, the archeological and epigraphic evidence for Judaism in Rome and Asia Minor, and the writings of ancient non-Jews on the Jews and Judaism.
1970	REL	352	S07-08	HA	Jesus:  From Earliest Sources to Contemporary Interpretations	In this seminar we will investigate the earliest known sources--both gospels in the New Testament and "gnostic gospels" outside the NT, including the [Gospels of Thomas], [Mary Magdalene], and [Philip]; second, we will explore a range of attempts to place Jesus in historical context, third, we will look at interpretations of Jesus in some poetry, theology, fiction, and film.
1971	REL	367	S07-08	HA	The American Jeremiad and Social Criticism in the U.S.	This course examines the religious and philosophical roots of prophecy as a form of social criticism in American intellectual and religious history. Particular attention is given to what is called the American Jeremiad, a mode of public exhortation that joins social criticism to spiritual renewal. Michael Walzer, Sacvan Bercovitch, and Edward Said serve as key points of departure in assessing prophetic criticisms, insights and limitations.  Attention is also given to the role of black prophetic critics such as James Baldwin, Martin Luther King, Jr., and Cornel West.
1972	REL	377	S07-08	SA	Race and Religion in America	This course examines the ways in which constructions of race have shaped how varied Americans have constructed religious identities and fostered religious experience, as well as made meaning of the religions of others. Topics addressed include American interpretations of race in the Bible, religion and racial slavery, religious constructions of whiteness, and religious resistance to notions of race. Readings are drawn from a range of primary and secondary sources.
1973	REL	380	S07-08	HA	The American Sermon: Homiletics in the Mainstream and on the Margins	The sermon is one of the most unique contributions to the American literary and oral tradition. This course examines sermonic texts and recordings from the late 18th century to the present. We will explore written and recorded homilies, placing both sermons and sermonizers in historical context. In this way we want to discover not only the theological perspectives contained in the sermons but also the cultural, social, economic, and political situations in the U.S. that helped shape them. Rather than a concern for the "practice" of preaching, our course focuses on sermons as literature and historical narratives.
1974	REL	382	S07-08	HA	Death and the Afterlife in Buddhist Cultures	In this seminar we will study Buddhist approaches to death, dying, and the afterlife in a variety of Buddhist cultures.  Topics may include theories of ritual and anthropological studies of mortuary rites; Buddhist cosmology and the doctrine of karmic causality; Buddhism, the family, and rites for ancestors; Buddhist funerary and mortuary practices; tales of exemplary deaths; accounts of journeys to the hells and other postmortem realms; the placation of ghosts and revenants; and changes in contemporary Buddhist funerals.  Continued in "Other Information."
1975	REL	503	S07-08		Studies in East Asian Religions: How to Read a Buddhist Text	Introduction to Buddhist texts written in Classical Chinese.  Intended for students with some background in Classical Chinese who want to learn how to read Buddhist texts.  Analysis of grammar, vocabulary, and genre.  Focuses on sutras translated from Indian languages into Chinese.  Some attention to the early history of Buddhism and reference tools for reading Buddhist texts.
1976	REL	504	S07-08		Studies in Greco-Roman Religions	The seminar will investigate primary sources involved in the construction of orthodoxy and heresy, comparing writings of the "church fathers" -- Irenaeus of Lyons, Tertullian, Clement of Alexandria -- with a wide variety of "heretical" writings, including such sources as the Gospel of  Judas, Gospel of Thomas, Secret Revelation of John, Interpretation of the Gnosis, Dialogue of the Savior, Allogenes, Gospel of Mary, Apocalypse of Peter, Testimony of Truth, and others of special interest to members of the seminar.
1977	REL	507	S07-08		Studies in Religion and Philosophy: Hegel	This course will examine Hegel's Phenomenology of Spirit and his Lectures on the Philosophy of Religion in light of recent disputes over how to interpret Hegel's philosophy.
1978	REL	509	S07-08		Studies in the History of Islam: Studies in the Social History of Egypt and Syria	This course will explore the social history of pre-modern Egypt and Syria from the twelfth through the sixteenth centuries. We will focus on themes such as legal and social status, identity, group loyalties and on the interplay between religious discourse and cultural realities. Readings will include a range of works of contemporary secondary scholarship as well as pre-modern texts in Arabic, including waqf documents.
1979	REL	510	S07-08		Special Topics in the Study of Religion: Issues in Japanese Religion: New Directions in Scholarship	This seminar will explore major issues in recent scholarship on Japanese Religions in both English and Japanese (for seminar participants with sufficient reading capacity).  Topics may include debates over understandings of "esoteric" Buddhism; new thinking about the origins of Shinto and the relation of kami and buddhas; religion and national identity formation; interactions of ritual, site and image; Buddhism and the family; the social roles of death ritual; and religious transformations in the modern period.  Topics and readings can to some extent be arranged to accommodate student interests.
1980	REL	512	S07-08		Special Topics in the Study of Religion: The Binding of Isaac in Ancient Judaism and Christianity	This seminar will study ancient Jewish and Christian interpretations of the biblical story of God's command to Abraham to sacrifice his son (Genesis 22).  The story plays a central role in Jewish tradition, and it also has an important place in the debates between Jews and Christians. For Jews, Abraham's obedience gives his descendants a claim on God's mercy while for Christians the near sacrifice of Isaac prefigures the crucifixion.
1981	REL	519	S07-08		Religion and Critical Thought Workshop	A weekly seminar focused on current student and faculty research in religion and critical thought, designed primarily for graduate students working on dissertations and general examination essays on the philosophy of religion, religious ethics, and the role of religion in politics.
1982	REL	522	S07-08		Religion and Culture Workshop	Continuation of the year-long workshop devoted to the critical discussion of research in progress in the ethnographic and historical study of religion and culture. Includes research utilizing textual analysis, historical analysis, material culture, and quantitative as well as qualitative methods. Designed for dissertation writers and postdoctoral fellows.
1983	REL	524	S07-08		American Religious History Workshop	A weekly, year-long workshop focused on the current research of visiting presenters, current students, and faculty in American religious history. The workshop is designed primarily for Ph.D. students in the field, but is open as well to undergraduate concentrators with a strong background in the study of American religion and culture. Note: REL 523 (fall) and REL 524 (spring) constitute this year-long workshop. In order to receive credit and/or a grade, students must take the course both semesters.
1984	REL	586	S07-08		Religious Authority in Modern Islam	How far reaching is the "fragmentation" of religious authority in modern Islam? How have traditional religious scholars sought to rearticulate their authority in conditions of radical change?  On what basis do "new religious intellectuals" make  their claims to authority? How has the state shaped structures of religious authority? What is peculiar to modern Islam so far as conceptions of and contestations over religious authority are concerned?  These are among the questions this seminar seeks to examine.
1985	RUS	101	S07-08		Beginner's Russian I	The objective of  RUS101 is to give a basic knowledge of Russian. All aspects of introductory grammar are thoroughly presented in this course, with emphasis on conversation throughout the term.  All additional materials are available on the web.
1986	RUS	102	S07-08		Beginner's Russian II	The objective of RUS 102 is to give a basic knowledge of Russian:  basic training in speaking, reading, writing, and comprehending the Russian language in a cultural context.
1987	RUS	107	S07-08		Intermediate Russian II	Major emphasis on the development of vocabulary and oral expression with continued presentation and review of grammar.  Vocabulary thematically organized to include such topics as travel, city life, nature, hobbies, politics, etc.  Training of all language skills in a cultural context.  Vocabulary reinforced through film and reading of cultural texts.
1988	RUS	208	S07-08		Advanced Russian Reading and Conversation  II	A continuation of 207.  Selected texts (19th and 20th-century poetry and prose) with discussion and analysis in Russian. Four classes.
1989	RUS	406	S07-08		Russian Syntax and Reading	The course has two separate but linked elements:  a practical analysis of Russian sentence structure and close reading and analysis of comtemporary Russian prose.
1990	RUS	408	S07-08		Advanced Russian Reading, Composition, and Conversation	The course aims to improve students' proficiency in idiomatic Russian by using written, video and audio materials on historical and cultural topics.  The materials cover Russian history from the days of Kievan Rus' to the post-Soviet era.
1991	SLA	216	S07-08	SA	Russia In Transition: Post-Communism as a Cultural Problem	The course provides an introduction into contemporary Russia.  Through fiction, film, and academic studies, we will analyze how Russia is being transformed today.   First, we explore modifications of individual and collective identities ( "gender"; "age"; "class") after the collapse of the Soviet Union.  Then we look at the role of market relations in defining new cultural tendencies ("consumption"; "criminality", "globalization").  Finally,  we examine ways in which Russian people re-establish their relations with the Soviet past and envision their future ("nostalgia"; "dystopia").  Knowledge of Russian is not required.
1992	SLA	220	S07-08	LA	The Great Russian Novel: Dostoevsky, Tolstoy, Chekhov, and Beyond	A survey in English of Russian literature from the mid-19th century to the Soviet period. Authors read include Turgenev, Dostoevsky, Tolstoy, Chekhov,  Bely and Nabokov.  Two lectures, one preceptorial. Knowledge of Russian not required.
1993	SLA	221	S07-08	LA	Soviet Literature, 1917-1965	The course surveys major literary phenomena of the period between the October Revolution and the effective end of the Soviet Thaw.  We will examine prose and poetry works of the Soviet left avant-garde, the so-called "fellow travelers" (Babel, Zamiatin, Pilniak, Platonov, Olesha), Stalinist socialist realism, its Thaw  sequel, as well as what  traditionally  has been called "dissident" literature (Bulgakov, Pasternak, Solzhenitsyn).  The discussion of these representative texts will be part of the process of general acquaintance with Soviet culture of the period in its various currents and phases.  Two lectures and preceptorial.
1994	SLA	511	S07-08		Critical Approaches to Literature:  Russian Contributions	This graduate course is coordinated with COM/SLA 410, "Bakhtin, The Russian Formalists, and Cultural Semiotics", but with additional readings and discussions of the material in Russian.  Emphasis is on the evolution of Russian literary and cultural theory through three 20th century historical periods:  the 1920's, the Stalinist 1930-40's, and the post-Stalinist thaws.
1995	SLA	519	S07-08		Soviet Literature: 1917-1930	A thematic, artistic and ideological study of representative works of the 1920's against the sociopolitical background of the time.  Communist Party policy toward  literature.   Proletarian writers and fellow travelers.   Reading and close examination of literary texts.  Lectures, discussions, oral reports,  three written papers in Russian:  two during the semester (750 words each) and one during the reading period (1,500 words).    The entire course is conducted in Russian, except for the reading of literary works which may be done primarily in English, or completely in Russian.
1996	SOC	201	S07-08	SA	American Society and Politics	What have been the distinctive features of society and politics in the United States, and how is America changing? This course, which serves as an introduction to political sociology, surveys the forces in the shaping of American national identity, civil society, moral beliefs and religious organization, the state, class structure, public opinion, political economy (including relations of business and labor), racial and gender relations, and the media.
1997	SOC	214	S07-08	SA	Creativity, Innovation, and Society	This course will explore how creative activities are shaped by larger social configurations. The course is divided into two parts: (1) We will decode the culture of creativity through examining how society thinks about creativity (and its opposite). How do the varying cultural meanings related to creativity reflect social change? (2) We will examine, from a sociological point of view, the social processes and consequences of innovation. Under what social conditions could innovation emerge? How do innovations reshape some part of society and culture?
1998	SOC	224	S07-08	SA	The Sociology of Law	Sociology has always been engaged in the study of law and, in this course, we will examine law with the tools of sociology. In Segment I, The Building Blocks of Social Life, we will explore the ways in which law provides a crucial basis for social organization at the micro-, mid-level, and macro- levels of society. We will also explore the relationship between legal norms and the moral commitments of societies and social elites. In Segment II: The Legal Organization of Social Sectors, the course takes up the legal construction of race, gender, and class, and explores the legal basis for the creation of crime, money, citizenship and terrorism.
1999	SOC	302	S07-08	SA	Sociological Theory	This course invites you to systematically review foundational texts in sociology. Attention is given to the formulation of concepts, hypotheses, and research methods.  We explore social structure and action; change and conflict; norms and roles; social class and stratification; deviance; and the link between micro- and macro-sociology.  We also consider phenomena such as modernization, urbanization, migration, industrialization, and global capitalism. Why does theory matter to contemporary politics and policy? These are among the questions we ask.
2000	SOC	303	S07-08	SA	Strategic Asia	Analysis of the recent evolution of strategic thinking in Northeast Asia with coverage linked to Southeast Asia, Central Asia, and South Asia. Comparative responses to common challenges: division on the Korean peninsula, the rise of China, the post-Soviet space, competition over new inter-regional ties, and a search for regionalism. Scrutiny of views over the past five years. Interdisciplinary approaches: historical roots of ideas about security, cultural assumptions behind strategic views, social networks and interests, clashing perspectives in political divisions, evolving international relations.
2001	SOC	324	S07-08	SA	Social Welfare as a Social Institution	In this course we examine social welfare programs in America with particular attention to the impact of economic conditions, race, gender, and institutional structures on social policy. We discuss the philosophical underpinnings of anti-poverty programs and conceptions of the welfare state. Students will write about and debate the comparative influence of political, social, and institutional factors in shaping the American welfare system. The course concludes with an exploration of the ways in which globalization is changing approaches to poverty in the United States and worldwide.
2002	SOC	342	S07-08	SA	Organizations: Management, Bureaucracy, and Work	Sociology 342 surveys management theory and practice since the late nineteenth century.  How did entrepreneurs first decide to let strangers run their enterprises? How do today's managers motivate workers who expect job fulfillment? We review the key dilemmas managers have faced, with the goal of understanding why modern organizations have such different sorts of management practices and cultures, and also why business trends seem to come and go like fads in rock and roll.
2003	SOC	347	S07-08	SA	The Social Life of the Metropolis	This course explores the nature of the modern city using New York as an example. We will examine the city's role as an international center of business, finance and culture, its ethnic and racial cleavages, its role in incorporating immigrants and the ways in which the physical use of space shapes, and is shaped by, the city's social life. We will conclude with an examination of the impact of the events of 9/11 on New York and on large cities in general..
2004	SOC	349	S07-08	SA	An Introduction to Contemporary French Sociology	Sociology is practiced differently in different countries. In this course, we will look at the work of several contemporary French authors (such as Bourdieu, Boltanski, Thévenot, and Latour) and try to see if anything can be gained from adopting a "French" perspective on US society and notions such as class and race. Films and practical exercises will help us see the relevance of some of the questions that have been considered crucial by contemporary French sociologists: should sociology be a martial art? Are we morally justified in studying other people? What is the relationship between sociology and everyday life?
2005	SOC	364	S07-08	SA	Sociology of Medicine	This course uses "the sociological imagination" to explore the role and meaning of medicine in modern US society. Topics include sociocultural definitions of health and illness, the sick role, the doctor-patient relationship, the social determinants of health, the role of medicine in keeping society healthy, the education and socialization of health care professionals, and the social control function of medicine. We will also consider current bioethical dilemmas from a sociological perspective.
2006	SOC	502	S07-08		Contemporary Sociological Theory	This course is an introduction to modern sociological theory from mid-twentieth century onwards.  It will begin with notions of philosophy of science concerning the nature of concepts and theory and continue with selective review of major currents of contemporary social thought.  Throughout, the emphasis will be on those ideas that can guide fruitful empirical research rather than on abstract perspectives.
2007	SOC	504	S07-08		Social Statistics	This course provides a thorough examination of linear regression from a data analytic point of view.  Sociological applications are strongly emphasized.  Topics include: (a) a review of the linear model; (b) regression diagnostics for outliers and collinearity; (c) smoothers; (d) robust regression; and (e) resampling methods. Students taking the course should have completed an introductory course in probability and statistics.
2008	SOC	505	S07-08		Research Seminar in Empirical Investigation	Preparation of research papers based on field observation, laboratory experiments, survey procedures, and secondary analysis of existing data banks.
2009	SOC	513	S07-08		Political Sociology	Systematic orientation, review of the literature, and critical analysis of theory and business.
2010	SOC	519	S07-08		Collective Behavior	Collective behaviors are shared courses of action that emerge from de-centralized forms of decision making, while the level of spontaneity, consciousness and local coordination involved can vary. This course offers an overview of the dynamics of interpersonal influence, social diffusion, group affiliation and conflict that drive collective behaviors, with a substantive focus on phenomena of collective choice, collective action and social movements.
2011	SOC	526	S07-08		Cultural Analysis	No Description Available
2012	SOC	527	S07-08		Religion and Public Life	Presentation and critical discussion of research in progress by participants.  Focuses on the use of social scientific methods in the study of religion and on applications of recently published work about religion and society.  Includes an emphasis on religion and public policy in the U. S. and in comparative perspective.
2013	SOC	540	S07-08		Topics in Economic and Organizational Sociology: Intersections between Economics and Sociology	Intersections between economics and sociology: A deep critical examination of six texts that raise major questions concerning the interplay of economics and sociology by taking up problems that lie at the frontier of the two disciplines.
2014	SOC	541	S07-08		Economic Sociology	No Description Available
2015	SOC	548	S07-08		Sociology of Law	The discipline of sociology was born (at least in part) of law.  The earliest sociologists were almost all trained as lawyers, and their reflections on the law found their way into the earliest texts of sociology.    As a result, concepts and categories from the law have often done double duty in sociology.   In addition, because law has to react faster to social change than social theory does, legal ideas are often a first draft of social theory.  Studying law from within sociology, then, is a good way to understand both the history of sociology and the challenges that law faces in understanding and reacting to social change.
2016	SOC	553	S07-08		Fieldwork Methods	This seminar deepens expertise about the logic and application of ethnographic methods by exploring the epistemological and technical issues surrounding ethnographic research, including in-depth interviewing, participant observation, community mapping, and other related strategies.     This seminar is most successful when used to advance projects in the early or midway stages of implementation. Alternatively, the course may be used to practice qualitative techniques through exercises not necessarily related to a student¿s long-term research agenda.
2017	SOC	567	S07-08		Crime and Punishment	This six-week course seeks to orient graduate students to the major literatures in the areas of crime, punishment, and social control.  Topics will include: theories on crime and deviance; media, race, and fear of crime; policing and surveillance; the prison; the rise of mass incarceration (the war on drugs, deinstitutionalization of mental illness, and changes in sociopolitical orientations toward crime); beyond incarceration (rehabilitation, reentry, and alternatives to incarceration).  This course will cover classical perspectives on crime and punishment as well as contemporary debates over mass incarceration and its consequences.
2018	SOC	596	S07-08		Web Based Social Research	Seminar provides students with an introduction to web-based social research, including experiments, observational studies, wikis, and web-crawling.  Different techniques and approaches will be illustrated with examples from the literature.    No previous knowledge of computer programing is required.
2019	SOC	597	S07-08		Causal Inference	Course begins with a discussion of the philosophical underpinnings of causality and a review of common approaches to these problems in sociology, then discusses other methods, including field experiments, natural experiments, propensity score matching, instrumental variables, and regression discontinuities, all of which will be discussed in the context of specific examples from the literature.
2020	SPA	102	S07-08		Beginner's Spanish II	The development of Spanish communication skills in listening comprehension, speaking, reading, writing and Hispanic culture appreciation. Language instruction complemented with audiovisual materials.
2021	SPA	107	S07-08		Intermediate/Advanced Spanish	Designed for students who have successfully completed SPA 102 or SPA 103.  An integrated approach to increase comprehension, oral and writing expression.  Class activities reinforce language skills through aural/oral practice, grammar review, vocabulary acquisition, reading, editing compositions, oral presentations, and discussion of contemporary Spanish short stories, music and films.
2022	SPA	108	S07-08		Advanced Spanish	An intensive course designed to prepare students to enter 200 level courses, with an emphasis on reading, oral and written proficiency.  The course is aimed at developing advanced syntactical and lexical competence which it addresses through frequent rewrites of compositions, oral presentations, discussions of contemporary Spanish literary texts, music and film.  [One] of the sections will focus on the language and the cultural implications of health-care professions.  Interested students should sign up for this section (See "Other information").
2023	SPA	207	S07-08		Studies in Spanish Language and Style	An advanced course in Spanish composition and conversation. Its main purpose is to increase the student's fluency and accuracy in spoken and written Spanish.  Importance is also given to understanding elements of Hispanic literature and culture through literary texts, Hispanic periodicals, and films.  [One] of the sections will focus on the language and the cultural implications of health-care professions.  Interested students should sign up for this section (See "Other Information").
2024	SPA	209	S07-08		Spanish Language and Culture Through Cinema	A course designed to improve oral and writing skills, while significantly increasing students' knowledge of cultural affairs in an ever changing Hispanic world. A significant amount of time will be dedicated to intensive debate on a wide variety of topics presented in films. Students interested in contemporary cinema may find this course especially enlightening. The grammar component of the course aims to ease the path to a more fluent communication in Spanish. The diversity of Hispanic culture is presented from the standpoint of a selected number of film directors.
2025	SPA	222	S07-08	LA	Introduction to Latin American Cultures	This class offers an introduction to modern Spanish American literature and criticism organized around basic questions on reading, writing and culture. What does literature say about history, politics, identity and culture in Spanish America, and how does it say it? How can we write about literature?
2026	SPA	225	S07-08	LA	Introduction to the Culture of Modern Spain	An examination of key issues regarding 19th and 20th century Spanish culture in its connections with history and politics. Among the topics covered: Goya, nationalism and liberalism; the country and the city in 19th century literature; artistic vanguards (Buñuel, Dalí, García Lorca); cultural crossroads in Barcelona ("modernisme," Gaudí, Picasso); cultural responses to the Spanish Civil War; political protest against Franco in literature, film and music; the transition to democracy; Almódovar and the "movida;" and history and memory in democratic Spain.
2027	SPA	301	S07-08	LA	Topics in Spanish Literature of the Golden Age: Women in Medieval and Golden Age Spain	An investigation of the literary treatment of women from medieval to modern Spain. We will consider works written by both male and female authors, thus enabling us to compare ways in which women saw themselves with the ways in which they were seen by men. A series of oral reports will focus on the position of women in society, thus allowing a comparison of literary images versus actual social roles.
2028	SPA	305	S07-08	LA	Topics in Spanish Civilization of the Golden Age: Obsession and Addiction	Early Modern Spain exhibits fascinating obsessions and addictions resulting from extreme and rapid political, social, and economic changes. Addiction to sex crimes, to Don Juanismo, and to  transgendering offer some of the most spectacular accounts of the period. The advent of mass culture produced by print technology, tabloid journalism, and public theaters leads to the rise of the [vulgo], which the elite seek to control. The obsessive focus on money (both for [pícaros] and [indianos]), as well as social engineering by the would-be problem-solving [arbitristas] and inquisitors all make for compelling reading.
2029	SPA	307	S07-08	LA	Advanced Spanish Language and Style	For advanced students who wish to expand and improve their knowledge of written and spoken Spanish through analysis of, and practice with, a variety of writing styles as well as intensive work with grammatical structures that continue to pose challenges.  Combination of writing workshops and intensive reading.
2030	SPA	319	S07-08	LA	Topics in Cinema and Culture: Four "Auteurs": Buñuel, Saura, Erice, Almodóvar	Key works by four essential Spanish directors will be examined: Luis Buñuel, Carlos Saura, Victor Erice, and Pedro Almodóvar. After a preliminary discussion of the idea of authorship in cinema, the class will examine each director in terms of the stylistic and thematic evolution of their films; their relationship to changing governmental and industrial structures affecting cinematic production in Spain; and contemporary movements in Spanish art and culture.
2031	SPA	332	S07-08	LA	Modern Latin American Poetry	An introduction to the major poets and poetic trends in modern Latin America and the Caribbean.   Intensive readings of texts by Martí, Rubén Darío, Huidobro, César Vallejo, Luis Palés Matos, Gabriela Mistral, Julia de Burgos, Borges, Xavier Villaurrutia and José Emilio Pacheco. Special attention to contemporary songs and lyrics by Silvio Rodríguez, Pablo Milanés, Violeta Parra, Spinetta and Carlos Varela.  Special emphasis on close textual analysis and class discussions. Readings and discussions in Spanish.
2032	SPA	345	S07-08	LA	Topics in Latin American Literature and Ideology: Octavio Paz	This seminar will provide an overview of Octavio Paz's writings from the 1930s until his death in 1998, as well as a discussion of his intellectual dialogue with Georges Bataille. Paz, winner of the Nobel Prize for literature, is a crucial figure in 20th-century literature. We will study his poetry, his writings on India and the Far East, and his dialogue with theorists from the College de Sociologie, including Bataille, Roger Caillois, and Michel Leiris. We will compare Paz's and Bataille's approaches to eroticism, literature, politics, and theoretical concepts like expenditure, abjection, and excess.
2033	SPA	350	S07-08	LA	Topics in Latin American Cultural Studies: Dictatorship and Transition in Southern Cone Cultures	This course focuses on canonical and recent cultural production within the experience of dictatorship and post-dictatorship in Southern Cone countries. We will analyze the crisis of representation and the configuration of the transition in terms of the reorganization of space, time, and visuality. The course includes canonical and non-canonical literature and cultural critique on the dictatorship and the transition, as well as visual materials dealing with the problematization of the gaze and the normalization of violence after the military regimes.
2034	SPA	351	S07-08	LA	Topics in the Culture of Cities: Buenos Aires, Havana, Mexico City	This course will focus on the influence of modernism (and its architectural, artistic, and literary versions) on three Latin American cities during the 1950s: Buenos Aires, Havana, and Mexico City. We will examine the history of such large-scale transformations by reading texts on urban planning by Le Corbusier and his Latin American disciples, as well as criticism of the modernist city by its numerous detractors, like Marshall Berman and Jane Jacobs. We will consider the debates about the modernist legacy in Latin America as we read novels and watch films representing these three cities during the 1950's.
2035	SPA	537	S07-08		Golden-Age Drama	The growth of drama in Spain from the Middle Ages to the Baroque. Emphasis will be given to the socioeconomic and political factors that conditioned the development of the Spanish theater.
2036	SPA	540	S07-08		Main Currents of Spanish Thought, 1848 to the Present: Spain:  The Struggle for Modernity	This course examines some processes of national construction in Spain in the 19th and 20th centuries, as they manifest themselves in literary texts, essays and films. Among the topics to be explored are: cultural figurations of country and city; Spain and Europe; relationship between the modernization process and literary ideas and practices; literature and history; processes of national construction.
2037	SPA	543	S07-08		Seminar in Modern Spanish Literature: The Idea of Spain (XVI to XIX centuries)	Throughout history, Spaniards have been concerned with the meanings of nation and nationality. In their attempts to define themselves and their nation, Spaniards had to confront their own history, the changing meanings of "Spain" and "Spanishness", as well as the presence of populations that were under the sovereignty of the Spanish monarchy, yet perceived as different. In addition, "Spain" was, and still is, internally divided into various "kingdoms/regions/nations." The main objective of this course is to analyze various meanings of Spain and Spanishness from the XVI to the XIX century using a variety of literaty genres.
2038	SPA	548	S07-08		Seminar in Modern Spanish-American Literature: Literatura y Memoria	The seminar will explore the relation between literature and memory in modern Latin American and Caribbean literatures. Study of such concepts as [memoria],[olvido],[represión], and[tradición]. How has concern about remembering or forgetting shaped individual works? How have writers contributed to cultural and political memories? Close reading of texts by Darío, Mistral, Vallejo, Borges, José Luis González, Juan José Saer, and Ricardo Piglia.  Selected films and documentaries by contemporary filmmakers. Discussion of relevant philosophical and critical texts: Plato, Augustine, Freud, Agamben.
2039	SPA	551	S07-08		Body, Perception, and Writing in Latin American literature and Film	What then is the body? Some would say that it is a unstable, changing historical construct and that therefore its definition is continuously changing, a sort of aporia between nature and culture. This seminar explores the role of the body in Latin American cultural, visual and literary traditions, with an emphasis on the relationships of power that operate an immediate grasp upon it, marking it, writing it, disciplining it, torturing it, and making it signify.
2040	SPA	583	S07-08		Seminar in Literary Theory	An exploration of the mechanisms of storytelling, the conversion of personal experience into fiction, and the moral and esthetic issues involved in choosing a fictional or non fictional narrative. Besides essays, memoirs and fiction, students will examine their own private narrative strategies and will search for stories in their environment--TV and radio news, papers and magazines, thus questioning the boundaries between literary and non literary texts.  Exploring the links between ordinary storytelling and literary narratives will lead us to see that literature is not a rarified cultural device but a basic tool in understanding the world.
2041	SPA	1027	S07-08		Intensive Intermediate and Advanced Spanish	Spanish 102-7 is an intensive double course designed to help students develop an active command of the language.  Reading comprehension and oral proficiency as well as reading skills and grammatical accuracy will be developed through various activities.  A solid grammatical basis and awareness of the idiomatic usage of the language will be emphasized.  Students will also be familiarized with some cultural aspects of the Spanish-speaking world through readings, videos and films. It is specifically designed for students contemplating study abroad and/or concentration in Spanish.
2042	SWA	102	S07-08		Elementary Swahili II	Continuation of SWA 101.  It emphasizes on increasing proficiency in reading and listening comprehension, speaking, and writing activities in Swahili.   Cultural contexts of the east African societies where Swahili is spoken are incorporated in classroom activities in order to enhance communication and cultural proficiency.
2043	SWA	107	S07-08		Intermediate Swahili II	While it continues to emphasize on conversational fluency and  increased facility in reading and writing skills, this course introduces students to Swahili literature through which a survey on cultural aspects and more advanced grammer is undertaken.  Students will be able to understand and analyze the main ideas and significant details of materials in Swahili such as media articles, short stories, poetry, short novels, films and plays illustrative of  East African cultural issues and advanced level  Swahili grammar, as well as development of expository writing skills.
2044	SWA	300	S07-08	LA	East African Drama in Kiswahili	Examines the genre of drama and performance in the literary tradition of Swahili-speaking East Africa. This course focuses on the origins of African drama in the epic and ritual traditions, as well as the sociopolitical and theoretical realities that have informed the current dramatic texts in Kiswahili. Readings address the pre-colonial performance traditions of the East African peoples, the role of the colonial experience and the politics of the post-colony in contemporary plays, and the effect of general theoretical trends on writing and performing drama in Kiswahili.
2045	SWA	305	S07-08	LA	Kiswahili Novel	Although the novel is the youngest genre in the Swahili critical tradition, it has experienced some of the most revolutionary and innovative experimentations since it gained mainstream prominence in Swahili literature, mainly during the post-colonial/independence literary revolution. This course is a reading of the Kiswahili novel with a critical analysis of the socio-political and critical trends in the literary world that have influenced the writings of contemporary Swahili novelists. The colonial/independence and post independence experience in east Africa are some of the motifs that inform the course readings and class discourse.
2046	THR	201	S07-08	LA	Beginning Studies in Acting: Scene Study	An introduction to the craft of acting through scene study monologues and, finally, a longer scene drawn from a play, to develop a method of working on a script.  Emphasis will be placed on honesty, spontaneity, and establishing a personal connection with the scene's substance.
2047	THR	205	S07-08	LA	Introductory Playwriting	This is a workshop in the fundamentals of writing plays.  Emphasis will be on solving problems of structure, dramatic action, and character.  Attention will also be given to innerlife, language, atmosphere on stage, creating living dialogue, and examining the sources to be used in writing, etc.
2048	THR	301	S07-08	LA	Intermediate Studies in Acting: Scene Study II	A continuation of THR 201:  Guide students in ways to develop a role and to explore important texts and characters in an imaginative and honest manner.  The focus of the class this fall will be on monologues and scenes from Chekhov, Kushner, Williams and Mamet.
2049	THR	305	S07-08	LA	Playwriting II: Intermediate Playwriting	A continuation of work begun in Introductory Playwriting.
2050	THR	361	S07-08	LA	The Art of Producing Theater	This course will cultivate an understanding of the reciprocal relationship between reading and producing plays.  Students will learn to read plays as literature written for production, by developing an appreciation for what production entails.  This course will offer a candid exploration of the wide-ranging role of artistic producing in professional theater and its relationship to the produced work.  Using the season planning process at McCarter and other professional venues as a catalyst for discussion, we will explore the process of creating work for the stage, both classic and contemporary, and the context in which it is produced.
2051	THR	365	S07-08	LA	Re:Staging the Greeks	Re:Staging the Greeks, a collaboration between the Theater Program of the Center for Creative and Performing Arts and the Program in Hellenic Studies, will begin with this acting/directing workshop investigating how to stage ancient Greek plays on the contemporary stage and will serve as preparation for a production of a Greek classic in the Berlind Theater in fall 2008.  On Wednesdays, we will study some of the plays, the contexts in which they were first performed, and approaches taken by theater directors over the last few decades.  On Fridays, we'll be on our feet, exploring the play's performative possibilities for ourselves.
2052	TPP	301	S07-08	SA	Seminar on Learning and Teaching	A study of essential dimensions of learning and teaching, including learner characteristics and needs, organization and structure of educational institutions, development of curriculum and instructional goals, preparation of evaluation and assessment, and design of subject/level specific methodologies and classroom management techniques.  Students perform 18 hours of site-based field experience.  Students attend two seminar meetings and a weekly evening laboratory session.
2053	TPP	401	S07-08		Seminar on Education	Senior Seminar, taken concurrently with Practice Teaching (TPP402), is designed for those preparing to teach in public or private elementary and/or secondary schools.  Course content includes: the development of learning goals and rubrics for assessment, the study of national and local issues in education and their impact on schools, the examination of current literature and research on teaching and learning, the discussion and evaluation of each student's performance as practice teachers, and the use of research to measure the effectiveness of the teaching/learning process.
2054	TPP	402	S07-08		Practice Teaching	Supervised practice teaching in secondary or elementary school (a minimum of 10 weeks for seniors, and 12 weeks for 9th semester and graduate students).  Teaching is done under supervision of a master teacher and a program staff member who regularly observes and discusses the student's practice teaching.  Students gain firsthand experience in developing teaching strategies, planning and individualizing instruction, assessing student learning, and classroom management.  Must be taken concurrently with TPP 401.
2055	TUR	102	S07-08		Elementary Turkish II	Familiarity with all grammatical aspects of Modern Turkish. Reading text of moderate difficulty; developing communicative skills: ability to comprehend and engage in daily discourse; ability to write short compositions.
2056	TUR	107	S07-08		Intermediate Turkish II	To enable students to communicate in Modern Turkish, and to read Turkish (current events, editorials, literature and academic writings) with some speed and accuracy.
2057	VIS	202	S07-08	LA	Introductory Drawing	This course approaches drawing as a way of thinking and seeing. Students will be introduced to a range of drawing issues, as well as a variety of media, including charcoal, graphite, ink and oil stick. Subject matter includes still life, the figure, landscape and architecture. Representation, abstraction and working from imagination will be explored. A structured independent project will be completed at the end of the term. Two three-hour studio classes.
2058	VIS	204	S07-08	LA	Introductory Painting	An introduction to the materials and methods of painting. The areas to be covered are color and its interaction, the use of  form and scale, painting from a model, painting objects with a concern for their mass and interaction with light. Two three-hour studio classes.
2059	VIS	212	S07-08	LA	Introductory Photography	An introduction to the processes of photography through a series of problems directed toward the handling of light-sensitive material, camera, and printing. Weekly laboratory sessions will explore the critical issues of the medium in relation to both student work and the work of guest photographers. One three-hour class and three hours of independent laboratory. Prerequisite: instructor's permission.
2060	VIS	222	S07-08	LA	Introductory Sculpture	A studio introduction to sculpture, particularly the study of form, space, and the influence of a wide variety of materials and processes on the visual properties of sculpture.  Students will develop an understanding of contemporary sculpture and a basic technical facility in a variety of materials and processes. Two three-hour studio classes.
2061	VIS	232	S07-08	LA	Ceramics	This is an introductory level course designed for students interested in learning the fundamentals of working with clay.  A wide variety of hand building and wheel throwing techniques will be taught, enabling students to make utilitarian vessels as well as scuptural forms.  Students will learn about glazing and colored engobe application methods and how to operate electric and gas kilns.  Studio work may be complemented by readings, field trips and slide presentations.
2062	VIS	262	S07-08	LA	Introductory Video and Film Production	A film/video course introducing the techniques of shooting and editing digital video.  Works of film/video art are analyzed in order to explore the development of, and innovations in, cinematic language. Production is oriented toward film/video as a visual art, including narrative, documentary, and experimental genres.  Several short video projects produced during the semester.  Two three-hour classes.  Prerequisite: instructor's permission.
2063	VIS	304	S07-08	LA	Intermediate Painting	This course is designed to allow students to explore more deeply the process and meaning of painting.  Students will complete a set of structured assignments and  are encouraged to develop an independent direction.  Contemporary critical theory is integrated into the course. Two three-hour studio classes. Prerequisite: 203, 204 and instructor's permission.
2064	VIS	309	S07-08	LA	The Handprinted Image: Intaglio and Lithography	This course introduces techniques of copper plate etching, lithography and relief printing. Assignments focus on applications of various printmaking techniques, while encouraging independent development of subject matter.  Critiques will occur throughout the term.  Students are encouraged to draw regularly outside of class to cultivate themes and content applicable to their prints.  Field trips to the University museum and the library's graphics collection will complement class work.  Additional independent workshop hours required.
2065	VIS	312	S07-08	LA	Introduction to Color Photography	An introduction to the theory, processes, and applications of color photography as an artistic medium, exploring camera technique, color film, and darkroom printing methods. A series of assignments introduces students to the formal issues presented by color as an element of the medium and analyze visual content in the broader project of photographic image-making.  Weekly laboratory-seminars, slide lectures, readings, and discussion elaborate critical issues and historical precedents informing students' work.  Prerequisite: 211 or 212 and instructor's permission.
2066	VIS	315	S07-08	LA	Digital Photography	An advanced seminar and lab which explores the aesthetic and theoretical implications of digital technology in relation to photography. The emphasis is on making the photographic print in the digital work space. Class will consist of both independent and collaborative projects.  One three-hour class, one three-hour laboratory.  Prerequisites: 211 or 212, or instructor's permission.
2067	VIS	342	S07-08	LA	The Cinema from World War II until the Present	The history of sound, and color film produced since World War II. Emphasis on Italian neorealism, American avant-garde, and the accomplishments of such major film makers as Bergman, Hitchcock, Bresson, and Antonioni. Modernism in film will be a central consideration. One lecture, one precept, weekly film screenings.
2068	VIS	344	S07-08	LA	Special Topics in Film History: The Image of Greece in European Cinema	This seminar explores the ways in which the cinema has responded to classical Hellenic literature and culture, the Greek landscape, and ancient philosophy.  There will be extensive readings of Greek works in translation.  Because of the difficulty of obtaining some (but not all) of the films for this course, some screenings will be projected DVD or Videotape.
2069	VIS	362	S07-08	LA	Intermediate Video and Film Production	A second level film/video workshop focusing on digital media production.  Short works of film/video art will be analyzed in class as a guide to the  issues of aesthetic choice, editing structure, and challenging one's audience.   Students will complete two short videos and a longer final project. Students must view one film each week outside of class time.
2070	VIS	404	S07-08	LA	Advanced Painting	A studio course focused on advanced problems in painting practice, including  pictorial structure in abstraction and representation, color in relationship to space and light, working process, and materials. This course, although structured, encourages development of independent work. Group critiques will be conducted.  Students gain awareness of historical models as well as contemporary art, as they build and analyze the relationship between student work and contemporary painting culture.  Two three-hour studio classes. Prerequisites: 303 or 304 and instructor's permission.
2071	VIS	411	S07-08	LA	Advanced Problems in Photography	Student-initiated problems in photography will be explored in close working relationship with the instructor. Emphasis will be on integrating practice and critical thought. One three-hour class, three hours of independent laboratory. Prerequisites:  211 or 212, and/or 313, and instructor's permission.
2072	VIS	462	S07-08	LA	Advanced Video and Film Production	There's making a conventional documentary, and then there's going out and filming the world to see what you see and to find what interests you.  The weekly screenings will include some traditional documentaries, but will concentrate more on recent iconoclastic versions of the genre.  The production side of the course will be open to both ways of working so that you can learn more about where your interests lie and how to express those concerns through image, sound and text.  After a few preliminary assignments, you will be free to choose whether to do one long piece or several short ones during the semester
2073	VIS	472	S07-08	LA	Special Topics in Visual Arts: Advanced Studio	A multi-media course for advanced students ready to pursue an individual direction in their work. Students will complete a range of assigned projects throughout the semester, designed to address specific issues in art.  Students may work in an individual medium (painting, drawing, printmaking, sculpture, installation, photography, and ceramics), or in a variety of media. Students will also be encouraged to experiment across different media and should be prepared to work independently, with guidance from the instructor, including researching and developing material that corresponds to their individual ideas and process.
2074	WRI	101	S07-08	W	The Animal Mind	See the Princeton Writing Program website.
2075	WRI	104	S07-08	W	Darwin and the History of Science	See the Princeton Writing Program website
2076	WRI	105	S07-08	W	Darwin and the History of Science	See the Princeton Writing Program website.
2077	WRI	107	S07-08	W	Power and Liberty in Modern Political Thought	See the Princeton Writing Program website
2078	WRI	108	S07-08	W	Power and Liberty in Modern Political Thought	See the Princeton Writing Program website
2079	WRI	109	S07-08	W	Color	See the Princeton Writing Program website
2080	WRI	110	S07-08	W	Generations and Genealogies	See the Princeton Writing Program website
2081	WRI	112	S07-08	W	American Dream in Fiction and Film, The	See the Princeton Writing Program website
2082	WRI	113	S07-08	W	American Dream in Fiction and Film, The	See the Princeton Writing Program website.
2083	WRI	115	S07-08	W	Victorian Scandals	See the Princeton Writing Program website
2084	WRI	116	S07-08	W	Victorian Scandals	See the Princeton Writing Program website
2085	WRI	120	S07-08	W	Modern Memory	See the Princeton Writing Program website
2086	WRI	123	S07-08	W	Science and Politics of Urban Sprawl, The	See the Princeton Writing Program website
2087	WRI	124	S07-08	W	The Enlightenment and Modern Social Ideals	See the Princeton Writing Program website
2088	WRI	125	S07-08	W	Martyrdom	See the Princeton Writing Program website.
2089	WRI	126	S07-08	W	Civil Rights Movement, The	See the Princeton Writing Program website
2090	WRI	127	S07-08	W	Civil Rights Movement, The	See the Princeton Writing Program website
2091	WRI	130	S07-08	W	Politics of Economic Inequality, The	See the Princeton Writing Program website
2092	WRI	131	S07-08	W	Cultural Heritage and the Law	See the Princeton Writing Program website
2093	WRI	132	S07-08	W	Cultural Heritage and the Law	See the Princeton Writing Program website
2094	WRI	135	S07-08	W	Anatomy of Revenge	See the Princeton Writing Program website
2095	WRI	136	S07-08	W	Anatomy of Revenge	See the Princeton Writing Program website
2096	WRI	137	S07-08	W	Inquisition, The	See the Princeton Writing Program website
2097	WRI	138	S07-08	W	Inquisition, The	See the Princeton Writing Program website
2098	WRI	142	S07-08	W	Refugees, Immigrants, and Social Justice	See the Princeton Writing Program website
2099	WRI	143	S07-08	W	Refugees, Immigrants, and Social Justice	See the Princeton Writing Program website
2100	WRI	144	S07-08	W	Theatre of the Absurd	See the Princeton Wrting Program website
2101	WRI	145	S07-08	W	Theatre of the Absurd	See the Princeton Writing Program website
2102	WRI	146	S07-08	W	Scientists at Work	See the Princeton Writing Program website
2103	WRI	147	S07-08	W	Scientists at Work	See the Princeton Writing Program website
2104	WRI	148	S07-08	W	Science in the Public Eye	See the Princeton Writing Program website
2105	WRI	152	S07-08	W	Governing the World	See the Princeton Writing Program website
2106	WRI	153	S07-08	W	Race in Hollywood	See the Princeton Writing Program website
2107	WRI	156	S07-08	W	Human Intelligence	See the Princeton Writing Program website.
2108	WRI	157	S07-08	W	The Experience of Beauty	Description to be entered by Writing Program Staff.
2109	WRI	161	S07-08	W	Political Violence and Social Change	See the Princeton Writing Program website.
2110	WRI	163	S07-08	W	Music and Madness	See the Princeton Writing Program website.
2111	WRI	165	S07-08	W	Shakespeare and the Elizabethan Stage	See the Princeton Writing Program website.
2112	WRI	167	S07-08	W	The Ethics of Human Experimentation	See the Princeton Writing Program website.
2113	WRI	173	S07-08	W	Documentary Theatre	See the Princeton Writing Program website.
2114	WRI	175	S07-08	W	Archaeology of Sex and Gender, The	See the Princeton Writing Program website.
2115	WRI	176	S07-08	W	Archaeology of Sex and Gender, The	See the Princeton Writing Program website.
2116	WRI	177	S07-08	W	Human Rights in an Age of Terror	See the Princeton Writing Program website.
2117	WRI	179	S07-08	W	Cultural Politics of the Body	See the Princeton Writing Program websit
2118	WRI	180	S07-08	W	Cultural Politics of the Body	See the Princeton Writing Program website
2119	WRI	181	S07-08	W	Theatre of Everyday Life, The	See the Princeton Writing Program website.
2120	WRI	182	S07-08	W	Theatre of Everyday Life, The	See the Princeton Writing Program website.
2121	WRI	183	S07-08	W	The Future of Food	See the Princeton Writing Program website.
2122	WRI	186	S07-08	W	Nonviolence in Theory and Practice	See the Princeton Writing Program website.
2123	WRI	187	S07-08	W	Nonviolence in Theory and Practice	See the Princeton Writing Program website.
2124	WRI	192	S07-08	W	Tragedy	See the Princeton Writing Program website for additional information.
2125	WRI	193	S07-08	W	Truth, Lies, and Memoir	See the Princeton Writing Program website for additional information.
2126	WRI	194	S07-08	W	Antarctica	See the Princeton Writing Program website
2127	WRI	195	S07-08	W	Antarctica	See the Princeton Writing Program website
2128	WRI	501E	S07-08		Reading and Writing about the Scientific Literature in English (Half Term): Electrical Engineering and Computer Science	Introduction for non-native speakers of English to reading and writing about the scientific literature in electrical engineering and computer science. Topics include how scientists work with the research literature as both readers and writers, how scientific articles are constructed and interpreted, how research findings are presented, and how scientific arguments are developed. Two 80-minute seminars.
2129	WRI	502M	S07-08		Writing an Effective Scientific Research Article (Half Term): Molecular Sciences	Writing workshop for students in molecular sciences who are prepared to draft a research article for publication based on their original work.  Topics include getting started, presenting data, communicating visually, understanding the elements of a research article, using evidence persuasively, revising effectively, soliciting useful comments from readers, and incorporating feedback.  One three-hour seminar.
2130	WRI	502N	S07-08		Writing an Effective Scientific Research Article (Half Term): Environmental and Material Sciences	Writing workshop for students in environmental and material sciences who are prepared to draft a research article for publication based on original work.  Topics include getting started, presenting data, communicating visually, understanding the elements of a research article, using evidence persuasively, revising effectively, soliciting useful comments from readers, and incorporating feedback.  One three-hour seminar.
2131	WWS	300	S07-08	SA	Democracy	This course introduces students to current empirical and theoretical work in politics on the following topics: the formation of the state, dictatorships, democratic transitions and democratic consolidation, electoral representation and political accountability, the relationship between democracy and redistribution, and the role of constitutional structures in the aggregation of preferences and in policy-making.
2132	WWS	301	S07-08	EM	Ethics and Public Policy	Examines major moral controversies in public life.  With the aid of readings in political philosophy, ethics, and public policy, we consider differing conceptions of justice and the common good, and debate what morality requires of us in the design of institutions and policies, and in the decisions we confront as citizens.  Topics considered include justice in war, torture and terrorism, abortion and doctor-assisted suicide, markets and distributive justice, paternalism, and the place, if any, of religious arguments in politics.
2133	WWS	306	S07-08	SA	Public Leadership and Public Policy	The course will consider the ethical and legal frameworks for making leadership decisions on major public issues in the United States, as well as the operational frameworks for effective and responsible public leadership.  It will review several historical cases, discuss the policy decisions made in each case, and examine the decision-making processes in view of these frameworks.
2134	WWS	309	S07-08	SA	Media and Public Policy	Introduction to communications policy and law, covering such topics as freedom of the press and the development of journalism; intellectual property; regulation of telecommunications, broadcasting, and cable; and policy challenges raised by the Internet and the globalization of the media.
2135	WWS	317	S07-08	SA	Race and Public Policy	Analyzes the historical construction of race as a concept in American society, how and why this concept was institutionalized publicly and privately in various arenas of U.S. public life at different historical junctures, and the progress that has been made in dismantling racialized institutions since the civil rights era.
2136	WWS	320	S07-08	SA	Human Genetics, Reproduction, and Public Policy	Critical concepts in human genetics, evolution, reproductive behavior, embryology, and philosophy of science will be presented as a framework for understanding controversial human-affecting biotechnologies including embryonic stem cells, cloning, genetic selection, egg or womb vending, genetic engineering, and neuro-enhancement. Public perceptions and misperceptions of biotechnology will be explored through science fiction, movies, and popular music.  Consideration will be given to competing political, religious, and ethical claims of authority in accepting, regulating, or rejecting each technology in the U.S. and other societies.
2137	WWS	333	S07-08	SA	Claims and Evidence in Policy Research	Concentrators will learn the foundations of research design, including how to formulate researchable questions from general topics and how to use empirical evidence to evaluate claims. Students will be exposed to a variety of substantive problems and research approaches that use qualitative and quantitative methods through critical reading of applied social science research and review of WWS senior theses. The course will also cover several practical aspects of research, including ethics and regulations concerning human subjects, use of library and reference search tools, and resources for acquiring and presenting of data.
2138	WWS	402	S07-08		Policy Task Forces	In policy task forces, students work in groups of 8 or 9, first formulating the general problem, then engaging in individual research on subtopics, and finally presenting their inferences for discussion and debate and producing a collective policy report.
2139	WWS	455	S07-08		Special Topics in Public Affairs: U.S. Policy & Diplomacy in the Middle East Since 1945	The Middle East historically has been of profound strategic importance to the United States and American interests. This seminar will explore the content and process of U.S. foreign policy and diplomacy in the Middle East since 1945.  The seminar will examine the degree to which the U.S. has been successful in implementing strategies to achieve its vital national interests.  The seminar will be attentive to the domestic political environment in which American Middle East policy and diplomacy operate, and will look at the interplay among politics, policy and diplomacy.
2140	WWS	459	S07-08	SA	Special Topics in Public Affairs: EU and Russia: Close Partners or Vexing Neighbors?	The seminar will examine the basis for the strategic relationship between the EU and the Russian Federation in the coming years.  We will analyze the features of the EU's foreign/security policy machinery and the current state of EU/Russian relations, including the existing partnership agreement and its likely replacement in 2008.  Areas for special attention include energy policy, relations in the "border areas" (Ukraine,Georgia, etc.), the EU's interest in encouraging democracy and civil society, reciprocal investments in private and public sectors and the broader political dimension (including relations of each side with the US).
2141	WWS	472	S07-08	SA	Special Topics in Public Affairs: The Economics of the Welfare State	All advanced countries have extensive "welfare state" programs that provide insurance against economic losses, support people with low incomes, etc.. But these programs vary widely in extent from the relatively small US welfare state, to the larger welfare states of much of Europe, to the generous programs of Scandinavia. At the same time, there is heated controversy about the effects of such programs. This course surveys welfare state programs, including health care systems, across various countries, analyzes the debates over their economic effects, and looks at the political economy of reform in the US and countries such as France.
2142	WWS	473	S07-08	SA	Special Topics in Public Affairs: Federalism & the Making of American Corporate Law	This class will explore the constitutional and political nature of American corporate law. Challenging our conventional ideas of legal development, corporate law arises out of a competition among states. It is a "product" to be bought and sold. As the paradigmatic case of such regulatory competition, corporate law holds important lessons for environmental law, antitrust law, family law, and other areas in which calls for federalism are growing. How are we to understand the "market" of federalism? What is for sale? Who is buying and selling? And who benefits from it? What, finally, are the necessary preconditions to an efficient market in law?
2143	WWS	476	S07-08	EM	Special Topics in Public Affairs: US Health Policy and Politics	This course explores the fundamentals of health policy and politics, focusing on access, cost, quality, and reform of health services and delivery in today's fragmented health sector. The study of institutions (Medicare, Medicaid, private health insurance) will be placed in context of what government and the private sector do, and should do, to face gaps and inefficiencies that exist today. Current health policy is placed in historical perspective; an understanding of how health policy is realistically made will focus on case study of 2003 Medicare reform and the Children's Health Insurance Program (S-CHIP).
2144	WWS	478	S07-08	SA	Special Topics in Public Affairs: Indian Economic Development	This course offers an analytical introduction to the main currents in Indian economic policy and performance. It will look at Indian economic problems in a comparative perspective, suitably informed by the relevant discourse in development theory. The course should enable students to appreciate the evolution of the Indian economy and its institutional framework. It should also help them use statistical information for analyzing public policy and introduce them to important research questions.
2145	WWS	482	S07-08	SA	Special Topics in Public Affairs: War and Civil Liberties in the U.S.	Civil libertarians acknowledge the necessity of vigorous counterterrorism measures while security hawks aver that civil liberties must not be abridged, but these superficial agreements conceal practical exigencies and hard choices on both sides.  We will explore the tension between civil liberties and national defense in theoretical, historical, and contemporary contexts.  After laying a groundwork in political philosophy, we will examine several historical cases and then take up in depth the most prominent such clashes in recent years.
2146	WWS	484	S07-08	SA	Special Topics in Public Affairs: Contemporary Politics and Policy Challenges in China	China today is confronting new forces of change while grappling with resistance to change on political, economic, social, ideological and international fronts.  How has this interplay of change and resistance influenced China's internal political workings and its approach to critical policy challenges?  This seminar explores current political processes in China and examines the changing roles of key political actors, ranging from the Communist Party to the new media.   The course will also address policy challenges that will affect China's future, such as democratic reform, environmental protection, and the resolution of ethnic tensions.
2147	WWS	489	S07-08	SA	Special Topics in Public Affairs: International Protection of Human Rights	Seminar examines issues surrounding the enforcement of human rights laws in the United States and abroad.  We first consider the nature of international law and the revolutionary emergence of modern human rights.  We then survey of the substantive content of international human rights law, and the international mechanisms for its enforcement.  The balance of the course focuses on the U.S., including an examination of the status of international and foreign law in the U.S. courts non-judicial enforcement mechanisms.
2148	WWS	502	S07-08		Psychology for Policy Analysis and Implementation	This course covers basic concepts and experimental findings of psychology that contribute to an understanding of the effects of policy on human behavior and well-being. Also covered are psychological factors that affect the formulation, communication, and execution of policy. Topics include a descriptive analysis of boundedly rational judgment and decision making, a consideration of social motives and attitudes, and an introduction to the ways in which agents influence and negotiate with one another, including an examination of the psychological roots of conflict.
2149	WWS	505	S07-08		Financial Management in the Corporate and Public Sectors	An analysis of the investment, valuation, and financing of the corporation, focusing on the application of economic theory and analytic tools to the solution of financial problems. The interrelations between investment and financing policies and their dependence on security valuations are stressed.
2150	WWS	508B	S07-08		Econometrics and Public Policy (Basic)	Provides a thorough examination of statistical methods employed in public policy analysis, with a particular emphasis on regression methods which are frequently employed in research across the social sciences.  This course emphasizes intuitive understanding of the central concepts, and develops in students the ability to choose and employ the appropriate tool for a particular research problem, and understand the limitations of the techniques.  Prerequisite: 507b.
2151	WWS	508C	S07-08		Econometrics and Public Policy (Advanced)	Discusses the main tools of econometric analysis, and the way in which they are applied to a range of problems in social science.  Emphasis is on using techniques, and on understanding and critically assessing others' use of them.  There is a great deal of practical work on the computer using a range of data from around the world.  Topics include regression analysis, with a focus on regression as a tool for analyzing non-experimental data, discrete choice, and an introduction to time-series analysis.  There are applications from macroeconomics, policy evaluation, and economic development. Prerequisite: grounding in topics covered in 507c.
2152	WWS	512B	S07-08		Macroeconomic Analysis	Covers the theory of modern macroeconomics in detail.  Focus is on the determination of macroeconomic variables - such as output, employment, prices, and the interest rate - in the short, medium, and long run, and addresses a number of policy issues. Discusses several examples of macroeconomic phenomena in the real world. A central theme will be to understand the powers and limitations of macroeconomic policy in stabilizing the business cycle and promoting growth.
2153	WWS	512C	S07-08		Macroeconomic Analysis (Advanced)	Course offers a broad treatment of macroeconomic theory and policy issues, using the formal methods of  modern macroeconomics. Topics will include long-run growth and development, labor, consumption, savings and investment decisions, the role of expectations, short-run fluctuations and stabilization policy, inflation and unemployment, trade and exchange rates. The course is advanced, so that: (i) having had some introductory course in macroeconomics is a prerequisite, and an intermediate-level one is best; (ii) the course requires a solid command of microeconomic theory (511 c or d) and good comfort with algebra and calculus.
2154	WWS	515B	S07-08		Program and Policy Evaluation	This course introduces students to evaluation. It explores ways: to develop and implement research-based program improvement strategies and program accountability systems; to judge the effects of policies and programs; and to assess the benefits and costs of policy or program changes. Students study a wide range of evaluation tools; read and discuss both domestic and international evaluation examples and apply this knowledge by designing several different types of evaluations on programs of their choosing. Prerequisite: 507b/c or instructor¿s permission
2155	WWS	515C	S07-08		Program and Policy Evaluation	Introduces evaluation using advanced quantitative techniques. Explores ways to develop and implement research-based program improvement strategies and accountability systems; judges effects of policies and programs; assesses benefits and costs of changes. Uses domestic and international examples. Introduces a range of evaluation tools and designs by applying tools empirically with Stata, using data from several large-scale impact evaluations. Pre-reqs: 507c & 508c or instructor¿s permission.
2156	WWS	516B	S07-08		Topics in Law & Public Policy: Legacies of Nuremberg: Universal Human Rights in Europe	The class will give students an understanding of the genesis and development of human rights culture in Europe following the end of the World War II.  The class will be in two parts.  The first part will deal with the historical, cultural, legal and political context within which the European Convention on Human Rights falls to be placed. The second part will be concerned with the looking at some of the substantive provisions of the European Convention on Human Rights, as interpreted in the case law of the European Court of Human Rights over the past 50 years.
2157	WWS	520	S07-08		Historical Methods and Public Policy	The seminar will introduce students to the approach of historians who tackle contemporary policy issues. History is more than just telling stories. The historical approach is especially well suited to particular challenges, such as uncovering long-term patterns in government institutions that are likely to shape policy outcomes or evaluating policies during the implementation process.  After completing this seminar, students will also have a much stronger understanding of the historical development of many issues that they will deal with professionally and will master a new analytic tool that they will be able to use in their work.
2158	WWS	522	S07-08		Microeconomic Analysis of Domestic Policy	Examines a series of major issues of policy designed to illustrate and develop skills in particularly important applications of microeconomics. Topics will include education and training, the minimum wage, mandated benefits, affirmative action, the theory of public goods and externalities, and the basic theory of taxation. Prerequisite: 511b.
2159	WWS	528B	S07-08		Topics in Domestic Policy Analysis: Urban Economic Development	Examines theory, tools, and strategies of urban economic development. Reviews the moral, economic, and political rationales for governmental development efforts, then uses readings and cases to examine tools commonly used in urban development including targeted infrastructure creation, zoning and land use, sub-national tax policy, educational initiatives, and public-private partnerships. Reviews strategic approaches to urban development including sectoral efforts, such as those focused on manufacturing and intellectual capital creation and competitive efforts such as marketing and tourism.
2160	WWS	528C	S07-08		Topics in Domestic Policy Analysis: Education Policy	Focuses on the 40-year debate about the achievement gap between the affluent and poor, white/Asian and black/Latino and why policies and added resources have failed to narrow the gap in the last twenty years.  Three themes will be developed: policies that do not focus on changing classroom practice are unlikely to work; the consistent use of available data changes the policy discourse; and, the difficulty of the work to be done is not generally recognized by policy-makers or practitioners.
2161	WWS	528E	S07-08		Topics in Domestic Policy Analysis: Leadership	What do leaders actually do?  what kinds of traits are important for successful leadership?  how do followers influence the behavior of leaders? and what impact does exercising power have on your personality?  We will draw from classical political theory (including Aristotle, Machiavelli, and Max Weber), current "leadership literature," biographies and memoirs of leaders, and case studies of decision-making.  Among the topics are expertise and collaboration, responsibility and accountability, women and leadership, and leadership in various kinds of organizations.  (Limited to 20 students)
2162	WWS	535	S07-08		Planning Methods	This course introduces a set of concepts and tools that are widely used in the practice of urban and regional planning. The focus is on developing an operational understanding of the models, techniques and data used in such applications as regional economic and demographic projections, cost-benefit analysis, and land use analysis. Emphasis is also placed on the limitations of the methods.
2163	WWS	540	S07-08		Urbanization and Development	Examines the origins, types, and characteristics of cities in less developed countries and the ways in which patterns of urbanization interact with policies to promote economic growth and social equity.  Readings and class discussions address three areas: a) a history of urbanization in the Third World; b) an analysis of contemporary urban systems, demographic patterns, and the social structure of large Third World cities; c) a review of the literature on urban dwellers with emphasis on the poor and their political and social outlooks.
2164	WWS	541	S07-08		International Politics	This course introduces competing theories of international relations and evaluates their explanation of foreign policy decisions and general patterns in international relations over the last century. Broadly covering security policy and international political economy, topics include the causes of war, the role of international organizations to promote cooperation, and the interaction between domestic actors and governments in negotiations on trade and the environment.
2165	WWS	542	S07-08		International Economics	Survey course in international economics for non-specialists. The first half covers microeconomic topics such as trade theory and policy, multilateral trade negotiations and regional economic integration. The second half addresses macroeconomic topics such as current account imbalances, exchange rates, and international financial crises. The course stresses concepts and real-world applications rather than formal models. Prerequisite: 511b and 512b (concurrently).
2166	WWS	543	S07-08		International Trade Policy	Evaluates arguments for and against protection and adjustment assistance and considers topics chosen from the following: non-tariff barriers, dumping, embargo threats and trade warfare, and the political economy of trade policy formation. Special attention is given to trade problems of the less-developed countries, including North-South trade relations and commodity price stabilization. Prerequisite: 511c.
2167	WWS	545	S07-08		International Legal Order	A critical examination of the appropriate roles for international law and institutions in the contemporary world.  The course examines a variety of systemic issues, such as the sources and scope of international law, and the role of courts in international relations, through examination of specific topic areas, including human rights, international trade and the use of force.
2168	WWS	547	S07-08		The Conduct of International Diplomacy	Offers a comparative look at the making and implementation of policy in the international arena.  It explores key concepts and theories concerning national interest, negotiation, strategies of action and influence, crisis management and conflict resolution, and it applies those concepts via case studies and simulations in diplomacy, counter-terrorism, foreign assistance, and security policy.
2169	WWS	553	S07-08		Comparative Political Economy	This course is designed to survey and critically discuss contemporary political economy; that is, the set of existing theories that model the impact of political conflict and political institutions on economic performance. The course is structured around the following main issues: the causes of growth; the relationship between openness, political institutions and economic policy-making, the causes and consequences of politically enforced redistribution. The course is analytical in its theoretical perspective and comparative from a methodological point of view.
2170	WWS	556A	S07-08		Topics in International Relations: International Peace Operations	UN peace operations activity is presently at an all-time high, with over 100,000 troops, police and civilians deployed in 20 operations, Sudan/Darfur, the DRC, Lebanon, Liberia, Kosovo, Haiti and Afghanistan. Have reform efforts equipped the UN to handle this level of activity effectively?  What are the challenges these operations face?  What is the role of regional organizations?  This seminar will examine int'l peace operations in post-Cold War era. Current and former senior UN officials will be brought in to discuss specific cases; assignments will include preparation of policy recommendations for discussion with these officials.
2171	WWS	556B	S07-08		Topics in International Relations: Imperialism and the Developing World	Systematically situate Americas informal empire in a comparative & historical context.  Major point of comparison will be colonial empires of 19th & early 20th century, of Great Britain, Japan & France.  Study how America¿s informal empire is similar to & how it differs from old colonial empires.  Will take stock of the historical origins of US foreign policies.  The focus, however, will be on the more recent US role in Asia, Latin America, & Middle East.  Specific topics will include British colonialism in India & Nigeria, & Japanese colonialism in Korea.  The second half will focus on the global activities of the US.
2172	WWS	556D	S07-08		Topics in International Relations: Protection Against Weapons of Mass Destruction	Since the collapse of the Soviet Union, the only significant security threats to the U.S. and its allies have been from nuclear, biological and chemical weapons.   Historically, the US focus has oscillated between protection via nonproliferation and disarmament agreements, and via civil and missile defense.  The course assesses the threats,  both approaches to protection, and linkages made between policies on WMD and perceptions of "conventional" military threats.
2173	WWS	556F	S07-08		Topics in International Relations: US Public Diplomacy & the Middle East	This seminar will examine the political, social, economic and strategic dynamics within The Other Middle East, the members of the Gulf Cooperation Council and their primary neighbors, Iraq, Iran, Yemen and India. The seminar will explore the context and complexities of the regional actors, how recent US policies have affected these states and the impact of the Iraq War on the region and on US influence and options. Topics will include the role of religion, the growth of knowledge-based globalized economies, public diplomacy; the history of Saudi-Iranian relations, and the rise of regional actors, particularly Iran and India.
2174	WWS	562B	S07-08		Economic Analysis of Development (Basic)	Introduction to the processes of economic growth and development.  The course examines various theories of development; poverty and inequality measurement; and the role of markets for credit, labor and land, as well as education and health, in development.  The role of public policy will be considered within each of these topics.  The course may also cover topics such as foreign aid, commodity pricing, and tax policy.  (Prerequisites: 511b; 512b can be taken concurrently.)
2175	WWS	562C	S07-08		Economic Analysis of Development (Advanced)	This course considers theories and evidence to explain processes of economic development.  The course examines theories of economic growth, and the two-way links between development and poverty, inequality, social institutions, and the family. We will also examine policy debates on education, health, and social policy, and governmental and international aid. Prerequisite for 562c: 511c.
2176	WWS	564	S07-08		Poverty, Inequality and Health in the World	About well-being throughout the world, with focus on income and health. Explores what happened to poverty, inequality, and health, in the US, and internationally. Discusses conceptual foundations of national and global measures of inequality, poverty, and health; construction of measures, and extent to which they can be trusted; relationship between globalization, poverty, and health, historically and currently. Examines links between health and income, why poor people are less healthy and live less long than rich people. Prereqs: 507 and 511. Please see instructor to apply for enrollment.
2177	WWS	572A	S07-08		Topics in Development: Africa in the World: Democracy, Development & Security	This course will review recent trends in Africa: democratization, conflict, terrorism, security problems, Africas marginalization in the globalizing economy.  It will address Africas relationships with major world players and institutions. It will also examine Africas institutional development--the Africa Union, the New Partnership for African Development, and various sub-regional organizations.  Students will be asked to undertake case studies on a country basis and/or by examining cases of conceptual challenges, e.g., conflicts between security and human rights, democratization and security.
2178	WWS	572C	S07-08		Topics in Development: Development Ethics	Structured around the belief that the theory and practice of development need to be grounded in a historical, ethical, normative and ecological framework, not measured by economic growth alone. What then defines an ethically grounded development?  We address the complex issues of North-South relations, consumption, the social nature of knowledge acquisition and production, our relationship and attitudes to Nature, the insider and the outsider, and well-being.
2179	WWS	572D	S07-08		Topics in Development: Democracy, Violence and Citizen Security	What is the relationship between violence and democratization? Why have new forms of violence peaked in some places and not others? This course will address violence in third-wave democracies in Latin America, Africa, and Eurasia by looking at theoretical debates, empirical patterns, and normative implications.  We will evaluate competing theoretical discussions of the role of violence in state building; analyze newly democratized cases in light of if/how/why they have (un)successfully secured citizen security; and finally, debate democratic policy options in light of the oft-cited tension between public order and civil liberties.
2180	WWS	582A	S07-08		Topics in Applied Economics: The Chinese Economy	Examines Chinas economic development, with a focus on the reform period. Topics include the question of why China did not industrialize earlier, an overview of pre-reform economic development, production and investment coordination under central planning vs. the market economy, economic transition, economic decision-making, development strategies, sectoral development, current economic issues, and future economic growth and implications
2181	WWS	582C	S07-08		Topics in Applied Economics: Poverty, Inequality and Health in the World	About well-being throughout the world, with focus on income and health. Explores what happened to poverty, inequality, and health, in the US, and internationally. Discusses conceptual foundations of national and global measures of inequality, poverty, and health; construction of measures, and extent to which they can be trusted; relationship between globalization, poverty, and health, historically and currently. Examines links between health and income, why poor people are less healthy and live less long than rich people. Prereqs: 507 and 511. Please see instructor to apply for enrollment.
2182	WWS	582D	S07-08		Topics in Applied Economics: Evaluating Empirical Studies for Public Policy	For every important policy issue, decision-makers will be faced with the results from numerous data-based analyses. Often, perhaps because the issue is controversial, various studies will give very different answers. How can they decide which studies are reliable or unreliable? This course introduces students to a disciplined approach to evaluating the credibility of empirical studies. The goal is to develop the ability to identify the crucial assumptions that are made to justify the inferences made from the data, and also to explore ways of assessing the validity of those assumptions, and hence the studies' conclusions.  Prerequisite: 508c.
2183	WWS	582E	S07-08		Topics in Applied Economics: Energy Economics	This course examines the economics behind many issues related to energy use, including the investment and use of renewable and non-renewable resources, energy conservation, deregulation of energy markets, transportation, and energy independence.  In addition to lectures on the economics of each of these subtopics, we will discuss current policy options.
2184	WWS	582F	S07-08		Topics in Applied Economics: Financial Markets and Public Policy	Examines financial markets from both a theoretical and policy perspective. Topics include modern portfolio theory, financial asset pricing theories such as the Capital Asset Pricing Model, the Arbitrage Pricing Theory and derivative security pricing theories; key issues in corporate finance such as capital budgeting, capital structure and corporate governance. While modern finance is one of the more technically demanding areas of economics, course imparts the important concepts without a high level of mathematical rigor; the case format is used extensively. Prereq: 511c/instructor's permission.
2185	WWS	586B	S07-08		Topics in Science Technology and Environmental Policy: Conservation of Endangered Species and Ecosystems	This course examines the ways in which science has influenced public policy with respect to both endangered species and ecosystems.  Important case studies from different regions of the United States are examined in detail, emphasizing the key scientific studies and how they affected decision-making.  Topics include the northern spotted owl and the Clinton Administration's Northwest forest plan, the reintroduction of the gray wolf to Yellowstone National Park, and the conservation of endangered species on private lands.
2186	WWS	586D	S07-08		Topics in Science, Technology and Environmental Policy: Global Environmental Governance	Examines intl law & governance in the context of environmental problems. Considers the need for regulation under conditions of scientific uncertainty in issues such as climate change, bovine growth hormones, GMOs, fisheries management, biodiversity conservation, ozone depletion. Explores the efficacy of diverse regulatory approaches, mechanisms for scientific advice to policymakers & participation by business firms, NGOs. Considers intersections between environmental regulation (both domestic and international) with trade, investment, & multilateral development, aid programs.
2187	WWS	586F	S07-08		Topics in STEP: Information Technology and Public Policy	Information technology plays an ever-growing role in our lives, economy, and government, putting pressure on existing policy arrangements and raising entirely new policy issues.  This course will examine a range of infotech policy issues, including privacy, intellectual property, free speech, competition, regulation of broadcasting/telecommunications, cross-border/jurisdictional questions, broadband policy, spectrum policy, management of the Internet, computer security, edu. and workforce dev't, and research funding.  Assignments will consist of weekly reading/writing assignments, and final project.
2188	WWS	587	S07-08		Research Workshop in Population	A workshop focusing on individual research projects that involve the use of demographic analysis as it relates to issues in population policy or, occasionally, participation in the research conducted at the Office of Population Research. Prerequisite: SOC 571/ECO 571, Survey of Population Problems.
2189	WWS	590C	S07-08		Sociological Studies of Inequality(Half -Term)	Sociologists often see social inequality as produced by one of three types of social processes: through market exchanges, through the non-market organization of social groups, and through political institutions. The intellectual objectives of this unit are to (1) develop an understanding of the main features of a sociological analysis of inequality, and (2) introduce students to key empirical research agendas in the field of stratification and inequality. The classic statement of this approach is provided in Weber¿s essay on class, status, and party, and these three types have since been elaborated in theories of the network structure of mark
2190	WWS	590D	S07-08		Psychological Studies of Inequality(Half-term)	Two major areas of psychology make important contributions to the study of social policy  and inequality .  The first is  social psychology, which focuses on inter-group relations, interpersonal perception, stereotyping, racism, aggression, justice and fairness.  These are the micro-level building blocks of structural inequalities and processes that are shaped by the larger context of race, ethnic and gender relations.   The second domain involves the fields of social-cognition, judgment and decision making , areas of research that study human information processing in a way that is not about individual differences, and often not social.  The
2191	WWS	594A	S07-08		Topics in Policy Analysis (Half-Term): Evolution of the Int'l Monetary System	This course will review the evolution of the international monetary system since the end of the Second World War, with particular attention to the roles of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and of the United States. It will focus on critical episodes that altered the system, but it will also examine developments in Europe, including the formation of the European Monetary Union (EMU), and the crises afflicting the emerging-market countries in the 1980s and 1990s. It will conclude with a review of recent proposals for reform of the IMF.
2192	WWS	594B	S07-08		Topics in Policy Analysis (Half-Term): Lessons From OECD Social Policies (Sess 11)	How do patterns of poverty and social exclusion differ in the OECD countries, compared to the U.S.?  This course is organized along the lines of the life course, focusing first on poverty and deprivation among the very young, proceeding to problems of education, then examining aspects of family formation/household structure, and labor market participation.  We conclude with a discussion of old age poverty.  Within each segment, the course explores policy choices made by different kinds of countries in dealing with these problems and then asks to what extent the lessons are transferable to the U.S. context.
2193	WWS	594C	S07-08		Topics in Policy Analysis (Half-Term): Military Force Planning and Decision Making	This course introduces important issues of conventional force planning and military decision making.  It includes discussion of service cultures, doctrines, capabilities, and limitations. The course broadly covers strategy, planning, readiness, force projection, employment, and logistics throughout the spectrum of conflict, including conventional war, the global war on terrorism and peacekeeping operations. Through theoretical and doctrinal readings and examination of selected case studies, the course provides background essential for those involved in the study and practice of national security decision making.
2194	WWS	594D	S07-08		Topics in Policy Analysis (Half-Term): Humanitarian Crises	Examine efforts of intl comm., and UN, to respond to humanitarian, recovery & reconstruction challenges due to natural & man-made disasters.  Assess effectiveness of efforts to incorporate early warning & other natural disaster prevention measures; success of UN¿s Office of Coordinator for Humanitarian Affairs in managing disaster response & record of humanitarian agencies in providing relief; role of UNDP & others in managing transition from relief to devt.  Examine new mechanisms to promote post-conflict reconstruction, assess efforts to address security req'ts in environments where a ceasefire/peace agreement has not put end to conflict.
2195	WWS	594E	S07-08		Topics in Policy Analysis (Half-Term): International Migration and Public Policy (Session I)	This course examines the theoretical models put forth to account for international migration, reviews the empirical evidence on hypotheses derived from these theories in different world regions, develops a synthetic framework for understanding immigration in the contemporary world, and uses this framework to analyze immigration policies in the United States and other migrant-receiving nations.
2196	WWS	594F	S07-08		Topics in Policy Analysis (Half-Term): Immigration, Ethnicity, and Public Policy (Session II)	This course examines recent theories and research on the process of immigrant adaptation, the uses of immigrant workers in the receiving labor markets, and the challenges faced by the second generation as it seeks to integrate successfully. We will devote primary attention to the experience of immigrants in the United States, especially in the contemporary period. European case studies and literature will be brought to bear for comparative purposes at selected points in the course. Students will be responsible for a class presentation and a term paper. The course will be based on a combination of lectures and seminar-type discussion.
2197	WWS	594G	S07-08		Topics in Policy Analysis (Half-Term): The Politics of US Healthcare Reform (Sess I)	This course explores the fundamentals of health policy and current, real-time politics, focusing on access, cost, quality, and reform, both from a historical context and from perspective of proposals made by likely presidential nominees. The study of institutions (Medicare, Medicaid, private health insurance) will be placed in context of what government and the private sector does, and should do, to face gaps and inefficiencies that exist today. Course will include two case studies: state reform and federal legislation (Medicare, SCHIP, or health disparities).
2198	WWS	594H	S07-08		Topics in Policy Analysis (Half-Term): Economics of Health in Developing Countries	This course examines health and healthcare in developing countries from the perspective of public economics. Topics include the determinants of health ¿ those influenced by policy and those that are not; approaches to setting priorities for public policy; market and government failures that characterize the sector; equity and efficiency implications of alternative policies; incentives faced by medical care providers in different systems; implications of applying these principles in country contexts; the potential contribution of the international community and technological progress.
2199	WWS	594I	S07-08		Topics in Policy Analysis (Half-Term): GIS for Public Policy (Sess I)	This course is designed as a practical introduction to the use of computer mapping (Geographic Information systems) for policy analysis and decision-making.  Students learn MapInfo through examples of map applications.  Students are expected to complete exercises and a final project applying GIS to a policy issue.
2200	WWS	594J	S07-08		Topics in Policy Analysis (Half-Term): Health and Nutrition in Developing Countries	Human growth has been described as ¿a mirror of society¿ in that the process of growth and development is exquisitely sensitive to environmental factors.  This course will be aimed at the non-biologist and will cover biology of growth and examination of critical periods of susceptibility to environmental insult. Other topics will be impact of social and economic factors, nutritional and epidemiological transition, and child growth in relation to health and disease in developing countries.
2201	WWS	594K	S07-08		Topics in Policy Analysis (Half Term): The Development Challenge of HIV/AIDS (Session 1)	This seminar will review the origins of HIV, the multiple impacts of AIDS, the reasons for sustained global neglect, the foundations of effective prevention & treatment programs, & the urgent need to improve monitoring & evaluation.  Special attention will be given to the role of social factors in the epidemic.  Course participants will examine the policy-making process related to global public goods, & consider whether the world is better positioned to avert a resurgence of this pandemic or the emergence of the next threat.
2202	WWS	594M	S07-08		Topics in Policy Analysis (half-term): Mental Health (Session I)	Int'l comparative and historical overview of concepts of mental illness and well-being. Evolution of diagnostic criteria for mental illnesses. History of psychiatry and psychoanalysis and the influence of neuroscience on them. Neurobiology of depression, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, Alzheimer's disease, and narcotics addiction. Public perceptions of mental illness and their implications for policies pertaining to treatment and prevention programs: cross-national comparisons. Recent discoveries about neurogenesis and their implications for positive mental health and the future of psychiatry.
2203	WWS	594O	S07-08		Election Strategies:  How to Win Elections	The most important decisions of American democracy--whether to go to war, how much each citizen will be taxed, the extent to which government will regulate private behavior, who will sit on the Supreme Court, how much support the government will provide to its neediest citizens--have one thing in common: all of those decisions will be made, ultimately, by those relatively few men and women who have and been elected to public office.  Policy analysts and advisors play an important role in shaping the public debate, but in the end, it is those whom the voters have selected who will decide.
2204	WWS	594P	S07-08		Topics in Policy Analysis (Half-Term): Environmental Campaigns: Strategies and Tactics	This course will focus on the strategies and tactics used in successful environmental campaigns, taught from a practitioner's perspective.  It is designed to provide a tactical toolkit for those interested in pursuing careers in environmental policymaking and advocacy.  We will examine, among others, campaigns that have protected Alaska's old-growth rainforests, conserved the Pine Barrens Watershed in Eastern Long Island, encouraged Home Depot and WalMart to green their supply chains, shifted consumers to demand sustainable seafood, and encouraged banks to develop environmentally sustainable lending and investment practices.
2205	WWS	594Q	S07-08		Topics in Policy Analysis (Half-Term): International Peace Operations (Sess I)	UN peace operations activity is presently at an all-time high, with over 100,000 troops, police and civilians deployed in 20 operations, Sudan/Darfur, the DRC, Lebanon, Liberia, Kosovo, Haiti and Afghanistan. Have reform efforts equipped the UN to handle this level of activity effectively?  What are the challenges these operations face?  What is the role of regional organizations?  This seminar will examine int'l peace operations in post-Cold War era. Current and former senior UN officials will be brought in to discuss specific cases; assignments will include preparation of policy recommendations for discussion with these officials.
2206	WWS	594R	S07-08		Topics in Policy Analysis (Half-term): Management of Public Organizations	The purpose of this course is to help equip students with knowledge of management and leadership concepts to perform successfully and responsibly in public organizations. The course begins with a discussion of the nature of public administration and moves to some concepts on organizational theory, organizational structure, administrative reforms and decision-making mechanisms. We will examine the people side of govnt orgs. as well as management and leadership roles. Recent management innovations in the fed. govntwill be discussed and considered. Case studies are examined to provide real life context for the course content
2207	WWS	594S	S07-08		Topics of Policy Analysis: Public Finance and Wall Street (Sess I)	This course will analyze the interactions between national, state and local governments and the private capital market institutions that provide public finance.  One goal of the course is better to acquaint future government officials with the range of avenues available for public finance and with the analytic tools necessary to decide among among them. Another goal is to deepen students¿ ability to analyze policy issues concerning the private provision of public finance.  Prerequisites include WWS 511 and comfort with net present value calculations and concepts.  Requirements include a paper analyzing a financial market policy issue.
2208	WWS	598	S07-08		Epidemiology	Measurement of health status, illness occurrence, mortality and impact of associated risk factors; techniques for design, analysis and interpretation of epidemiologic research studies; sources of bias and confounding; and causal inference. Other topics include foundations of modern epidemiology, the epidemiologic transition, reemergence of infectious disease, social inequalities in health, and ethical issues. Course examines bridging of "individual-centered" epidemiology and "macro-epidemiology" to recognize social, economic and cultural context, assess impacts on populations, and provide inputs for public health and health policy.
2209	WWS	599	S07-08		PhD Seminar: Research Ethics and Scientific Integrity (session II)	Examines the ethical issues arising in the context of scientific research.  Evaluates the role and responsibilities of professional researchers in dealing with plagiarism, fraud, conflict over authorial credit, and ownership of data.  In addition, it undertakes a broader inquiry into conceptions of professional integrity, and the responsibilities that scientists have to their research subjects, to their students and apprentices, as well as to society at large.